Class 9 History

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The Congress of Vienna was held in the year-

1. 1814
2. 1815
3. 1816
4. 1817

Answer: 2. 1815

Question 2. The most important person in the Vienna settlement was-

1. Lafayette
2. Metternich
3. Louis Philippe
4. St. Simon

Answer: 2. Metternich

Question 3. The leaders of the Vienna Congress decided to divide Poland into-

1. One division
2. Three divisions
3. Two divisions
4. Four divisions

Answer: 2. Three divisions

Read and Learn More WBBSE Class 9 History Multiple Choice Questions

Question 4. Nationalism means-

1. Strong love for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations
2. Strong devotion to one’s own country and hatred for others
3. Strong love for all the countries of the world
4. strong devotion to one’s own country and its history and culture.

Answer: 1. Strong love for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations

Question 5. Liberal nationalism stands for

1. Freedom of all and equality before the law
2. Freedom of only male members of society
3. Freedom only for senior citizens
4. Freedom of the monarch to rule the people

Answer: 1. Freedom of all and equality before the law

NEET Biology Class 9 Question And Answers	WBBSE Class 9 History Notes	WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Life Science and Environment
WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Notes	WBBSE Class 9 History Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Long Answer Questions
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography And Environment	WBBSE Class 9 History Long Answer Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Multiple Choice Questions
WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 History Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Maths
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 History	WBBSE Class 9 History Very Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Science and Environment

Question 6. In Europe and different parts of the world, the concept of nationalism developed in full form in

1. 16th century
2. 20th century
3. 18th century
4. 19th century

Answer: 4. 19th century

Question 7. Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?

1. Prussia
2. Switzerland
3. Britain
4. Russia

Answer: 2. Switzerland

Question 8. The Carlsbad Decree was declared in the year-

1. 1848
2. 1819
3. 1856
4. 1861

Answer: 2. 1819

Question 9. The Carlsbad Decree was declared in

1. Germany
2. Russia
3. France
4. Italy

Answer: 1. Germany

Understanding Major Events in 19th Century Europe MCQs

Question 10. The Carlsbad Decree was declared by

1. Talleyrand
2. Louis VII
3. Metternich
4. Charles X

Answer: 3. Metternich

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century Multiple-Choice Questions

Question 11. In 1815 the Prime Minister of Austria was-

1. Alexander I
2. Louis XV
3. Metternich
4. Castlereagh

Answer: 3. Metternich

Question 12. Metternich was the Chancellor of-

1. Austria
2. Russia
3. Italy
4. Britain

Answer: 1. Austria

Question 13. The father of European conservatism was-

1. Alexander I
2. Cavour
3. Metternich
4. Louis XV

Answer: 3. Metternich

Question 14. The period of the Age of Metternich was-

1. 1816-1849
2. 1850-1858
3. 1815-1848
4. 1810-1828

Answer: 3. 1815-1848

Practice MCQs for Class 9 History: Europe in the 19th Century

Question 15. The ‘Coachman of Europe’ was-

1. Talleyrand
2. Louis XVIII
3. Castlereagh
4. Metternich

Answer: 4. Metternich

Question 16. The representative of defeated France in the Vienna Conference was-

1. Castlereagh
2. Metternich
3. Cavour
4. Talleyrand

Answer: 4. Talleyrand

History MCQs For Class 9 WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century

Question 17. The representatives of the Vienna Congress wanted to reestablish the dynasties that reigned in various states before the Napoleonic wars according to the Principle of-

1. Compensation
2. Legitimacy
3. Balance of Power
4. Combination

Answer: 2. Legitimacy

Question 18. According to the Carlsbad Decree of 1819 restrictions were imposed on-

1. Social institutions of Germany
2. Business organizations in Germany
3. German universities and other educational institutions
4. Political institutions of Germany

Answer: 3. German universities and other educational institutions

Question 19. Metternich to curb all forms of liberalistic ideas in the German universities imposed the-

1. Carlsbad Decree
2. Milan Decree
3. Pedlar Decree
4. Lyon Decree

Answer: 1. Carlsbad Decree

Question 20. Who said Italy is ‘only a geographical expression’?

1. Cavour
2. Metternich
3. Talleyrand
4. Louis XVIII

Answer: 2. Metternich

Question 21. The July Revolution broke out in

1. 1820
2. 1840
3. 1830
4. 1850

Answer: 3. 1830

Examples of Multiple Choice Questions on Nationalism

Question 22. The king of France during the July Revolution was-

1. Napoleon
2. Louis XVI
3. Charles X
4. Louis Philippe

Answer: 3. Charles X

Question 23. Polignac was appointed minister by

1. Charles X
2. Louis Philippe
3. Napoleon
4. Francis II

Answer: 1. Charles X

Question 24. The leadership in the July Revolution was provided by

1. Thiers
2. Simon Bolivar
3. Polignac
4. Metternich

Answer: 1. Thiers

Question 25. The task of the French Revolution of 1789 which remained completed by the

1. French Revolution
2. February Revolution
3. July Revolution
4. Industrial Revolution

Answer: 3. July Revolution

Question 26. July Revolution broke out in

1. Italy
2. France
3. Germany
4. Britain

Answer: 2. France

Question 27. The July Revolution of 1830 sparked off on-

1. 29 July
2. 21 July
3. 30 July
4. 27 July

Answer: 4. 27 July

Question 28. July monarchy was established in France in

1. 1815
2. 1848
3. 1828
4. 1830

Answer: 4. 1830

Question 29. July monarchy was established in France by

1. Louis Philippe
2. Louis XVIII
3. Francis Ferdinand
4. Charles X

Answer: 1. Louis Philippe

Question 30. After the July Revolution, the ruler who sat on the throne of France was-

1. Louis XVIII
2. Cavour
3. Leopold
4. Louis Philippe

Answer: 4. Louis Philippe

Question 31. The ruler of France who was dethroned after the July Revolution was-

1. Louis Philippe
2. Louis XVIII
3. Charles X
4. Metternich

Answer: 3. Charles X

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas

Question 32. The February Revolution broke out in France against the autocracy of-

1. Metternich
2. Napoleon
3. Napoleon III
4. Louis Philippe

Answer: 4. Louis Philippe

Question 33. The king of France during the February Revolution was-

1. Charles X
2. Louis Napoleon
3. Louis XVI
4. Louis Philippe

Answer: 4. Louis Philippe

Question 34. The third French Republic was established in

1. 1792
2. 1830
3. 1848
4. 1870

Answer: 4. 1870

Question 35. The most influential Prime Minister of Louis Philippe was-

1. Guizot
2. Turgo
3. Von Bulow
4. Count Caprivi

Answer: 1. Guizot

Question 36. “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”-who said this?

1. Napoleon III
2. Bismarck
3. Metternich
4. Cavour

Answer: 3. Metternich

Question 37. The socialists in France were eager to end the French Monarchy under the leadership of-

1. Karl Marx
2. Robert Owen
3. Louis Blanc
4. Charles Fourier

Answer: 3. Louis Blanc

Question 38. A movement demanding the enlargement of franchises started in France under the leadership of-

1. Louis Blanc
2. Cavour
3. Guizot
4. Thiers

Answer: 4. Thiers

Question 39. After having declared his grandson heir to the throne, Louis Philippe sought asylum in

1. Austria
2. Russia
3. Prussia
4. England

Answer: 4. England

Question 40. Louis Napoleon in 1852 declared himself as the ‘Emperor’ with the title of-

1. Charles X
2. Napoleon
3. Napoleon 1
4. Napoleon 3

Answer: 4. Napoleon 3

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas

Question 41. Garibaldi’s men were called-

1. Red Shirts
2. Brown Shirts
3. Black Shirts
4. Blue Shirts

Answer: 1. Red Shirts

Question 42. Napoleon III was the ruler of-

1. Piedmont-Sardinia
2. France
3. Germany
4. Austria.

Answer: 2. France

Question 43. Carbonari was a secret society of-

1. Italy
2. Russia
3. France
4. Austria

Answer: 1. Italy

Question 44. Garibaldi, a great patriot of Italy occupied-

1. Sicily and Naples
2. Venetia
3. Rome
4. Austria

Answer: 1. Sicily and Naples

Question 45. Before unification, Central Italy was ruled by

1. Austria
2. Poland
3. Pope
4. France

Answer: 3. Pope

Important Figures in 19th Century Europe MCQs

Question 46. In 1860, the Red Shirts under the leadership of Garibaldi went to

1. Sicily
2. Tuscany
3. Lombardy
4. Modena

Answer: 1. Sicily

Question 47. The ‘Young Italy’ organization was established by

1. Mazzini
2. Garibaldi
3. Cavour
   
4. Napoleon III

Answer: 1. Mazzini

Question 48. The Journal ‘Risorgimento’ was edited by

1. Mazzini
2. Garibaldi
3. Cavour
4. Leopold

Answer: 3. Cavour

Question 49. The greatest impediment to Italian unification was-

1. Russia
2. Spain
3. Germany
4. Austria

Answer: 4. Austria

Question 50. The first king of united Italy was-

1. Cavour
2. Napoleon III
3. Victor Emmanuel II
4. Garibaldi

Answer: 3. Victor Emmanuel II

Question 51. The brain of the unification of Italy was-

1. Garibaldi
2. Mazzini
3. Cavour
4. Bismarck

Answer: 3. Cavour

Question 52. The leadership in the Italian unification movement was given by

1. Venice
2. Lombardy
3. Piedmont-Sardinia
4. Rome

Answer: 3. Piedmont-Sardinia

Question 53. The leadership in Naples and Sicily was given by

1. Mazzini
2. Garibaldi
3. Cavour
4. Louis XVI

Answer: 2. Garibaldi

Question 54. The main center of Carbonari was-

1. Naples
2. Lombardy
3. Piedmont
4. Genoa

Answer: 1. Naples

Question 55. Count Cavour was appointed as the Prime Minister of-

1. Perma Modena
2. Rome
3. Tuscany
4. Piedmont-Sardinia

Answer: 4. Piedmont-Sardinia

Question 56. How many wars did Bismarck fight to unify 10 The Frankfurt Parliament was convened in Germany.

1. Three
2. Four
3. Five
4. Six

Answer: 1. Three

Question 57. Bismarck successfully waged war against Denmark in-

1. 1862
2. 1861
3. 1864
4. 1868

Answer: 3. 1864

Question 58. The main function of the Frankfurt Parliament was to frame a constitution for

1. Italy
2. France
3. Germany
4. Russia

Answer: 3. Germany

Question 59. According to the decisions of the Frankfurt Parliament, the crown of a united Germany was offered to

1. Alexander I
2. Frederick William
3. Francis II
4. Louis Philippe

Answer: 2. Frederick William

Question 60. The leader of the movement was-

1. Hitler
   Mazzini
   Mussolini
   Bismarck

Answer: 4. Bismarck

Question 61. Germany defeated France in the battle of-

1. Sadowa
2. Jena
3. Sedan
4. Trafalgar

Answer: 3. Sedan

Question 62. The Battle of Sadowa was fought between-

1. Denmark and Russia
2. France and Russia
3. Austria and Prussia
4. Prussia and Russia

Answer: 3. Austria and Prussia

Question 63. Which treaty ended the Battle of Sadowa?

1. Treaty of Plombieres
2. Treaty of London
3. Treaty of Prague
4. Treaty of Villafranca

Answer: 3. Treaty of Prague

Question 64. The Frankfurt Parliament was convened in

1. Russia
2. Italy
3. Germany
4. England

Answer: 3. Germany

Question 65. The Frankfurt Parliament was convened in the year-

1. 1830
2. 1848
3. 1861
4. 1862

Answer: 2. 1848

Question 66. A master of political and diplomatic juggling-

1. Bismarck
2. Napoleon III
   
3. Cavour
4. William I

Answer: 1. Bismarck

Question 67. The Zollverein was formed under the leadership of-

1. Austria
2. Savoy
3. Italy
4. Prussia

Answer: 4. Prussia

Key Themes in European History for MCQs

Question 68. Who was the first emperor of unified Germany?

1. Napoleon III
2. Bismarck
3. William I
4. Cavour

Answer: 3. William I

Question 69. The first stage in the unification of Germany was the creation of-

1. Zollverein
2. Confederation of the Rhine
3. Frankfurt Parliament
4. Bundestag

Answer: 1. Zollverein

MCQs On Europe In The 19th Century For WBBSE Class 9 History

Question 70. Who took the first step to unify Germany?

Bismarck
Napoleon Bonaparte
Count Cavour
Hitler

Answer: 2. Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 71. Ems Telegram was published on-

1. 13th July 1870
2. 19th July 1870
3. 10th July 1870
4. 17th July 1870

Answer: 1. 13th July 1870

Question 72. According to Bismarck the greatest obstacle to German unity was-

1. Austria
2. Russia
3. Poland
4. France

Answer: 1. Austria

Question 73. Philke Hetaira was a secret society of-

1. Germany
2. Turkey
3. Italy
4. Greece

Answer: 4. Greece

Question 74. Nicholas, I was the ruler of-

1. Austria
2. Russia
3. Italy
4. Prussia

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 75. Moldavia and Wallachia was invaded by-

1. Britain
2. Russia
3. Italy
4. Germany

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 76. Greece was under the subjugation of-

1. Turkey
2. Germany
3. Russia
4. Italy

Answer: 1. Turkey

Question 77. The ‘Sick Man of Europe’ was-

1. France
2. Italy
3. Greece
4. Turkey

Answer: 4. Turkey

Question 78. In the famous Vienna, Note Russia was asked to withdraw her claims in-

1. Egypt
2. Italy
3. Turkey
4. France

Answer: 3. Turkey

Question 79. The secret society associated with the Greek War of Independence was-

1. Hetaira Philka
2. Carbonari
   
3. Young Italy
   
4. Zollverein

Answer: 1. Hetaira Philka

Question 80. The Crimean War ended with-

1. Treaty of Pressburg
2. Treaty of Paris
3. Treaty of Prague
4. Treaty of Gastein

Answer: 2. Treaty of Paris

Question 81. “The Crimean War was the only perfectly useless war that has been waged” was said by-

1. Adam Smith
2. Vincent Smith
3. EH Carr
4. Sir Robert Morier

Answer: 4. Sir Robert Morier

Question 82. The Kulaks were-

1. Serfs
2. Factory owners
3. Well-to-do peasants
4. Mahajan

Answer: 3. Well-to-do peasants

Question 83. Who adopted the Czar title first?

1. Alexander II
2. Nicholas I
3. Ivan IV
4. Bakunin

Answer: 3. Ivan IV

Question 84. The organ of rural self-government in Russia-

1. Duma
2. Parliament
3. Zemstvo
4. Reichstag

Answer: 3. Zemstvo

Question 85. The Czar remembered for the abolition of serfdom

1. Alexander I
2. Alexander II
3. Alexander III
4. Alexander IV

Answer: 2. Alexander II

Question 86. The Czar known as ‘Czar the Liberator’-

1. Alexander II
2. Peter the Great
3. Alexander I
4. Nicholas I

Answer: 1. Alexander II

Question 87. Czar Alexander II died on-

1. 2 January 1890
2. 14 February 1885
3. 14 March 1883
4. 13 March 1881

Answer: 4. 13 March, 1881

Question 88. Czar Alexander II was assassinated by

1. Black Hand
2. General Will
3. People’s Will
4. Carbonari

Answer: 3. People’s Will

Question 89. The First Balkan War was fought in the year-

1. 1911
2. 1913
3. 1912
4. 1914

Answer: 3. 1912

Question 90. Who ascended the throne after Alexander 3?

1. Nicholas I
2. Ivan IV
3. Alexander IV
4. Nicholas II

Answer: 4. Nicholas II

Question 91.  The period between 1815 to 1848 is known as the ‘Era of Metternich’.

1. He became the Prime Minister of Austria.
2. He was the central figure at the Vienna Congress.
3. He became the central figure in the politics of the whole of Europe.

Answer:  3. He became the central figure in the politics of the whole of Europe.

Question 92.  At the Vienna Congress, as a punishment, Norway was snatched away from Denmark and given to Sweden.

1. Metternich had enmity with the king of Denmark.
2. The King of Denmark helped Napoleon against the Allies.
3. Denmark was an ally of Britain.

Answer: 2. The King of Denmark helped Napoleon against the Allies.

Question 93.  The leaders who took the most important part in defeating Napoleon met in Vienna.

1. They wanted to reconstruct the political map of Europe.
2. They wanted to establish a democratic government in France.
3. They wanted to liberate Italy from the hands of Austria,

Answer: 2. They wanted to establish a democratic government in France.

Question 94.  The July Revolution is one of the most important events in the history of France.

1. It reformed the existing economic situation of France.
2. It helped to remove the monarchy from France.
3. It succeeded in securing the revolutionary spirits (liberty, equality, and fraternity).

Answer: 3.  It succeeded in securing the revolutionary spirits (liberty, equality, and fraternity).

Industrial Revolution MCQs Class 9 History Chapter 3 WBBSE

Question 95. After the Fall of Napoleon Louis XVIII sat on the throne of France.

1. According to the principle of Legitimacy Louis XVIII was reinstated on the throne of France.
2. The people of France elected Louis XVIII as the ruler of France.
3. The leaders of the Vienna Congress supported the accession of a weak monarch to the throne of France.

Answer:  1. According to the principle of Legitimacy Louis XVIII was reinstated on the throne of France.

Question 96.  The Revolution of 1848 brought about a change in the system of administration prevailing at that time.

1. The constitutional system of administration is recognized.
2. Absolute monarchy was established in different countries of Europe.
3. In some countries of Europe autocratic rulers became popular.

Answer: 1.  Constitutional system of administration recognized.

Question 97.  Guizot, the Prime Minister of France, was dismissed from office by Louis Philippe.

1. Guizot rose in revolt against Louis Philippe.
2. Popular agitation took a serious turn in France and Guizot was dismissed by Louis Philippe.
   Guizot took part in an armed clash with the people and was dismissed.

Answer: 2. Popular agitation took a serious turn in France and Guizot was dismissed by Louis Philippe.

Question 98  In Italy, a secret society ‘The Carbonari’ was established.

1. The purpose is to spread nationalist movements elsewhere in Europe.
2. The purpose is to unite Italy into a single state.
3. The purpose is to express discontent against the existing system.

Answer: 2. The purpose is to unite Italy into a single state.

Question 99.  The Battle of Sadowa brought forth an important change.

1. The political center of central Europe shifted from Vienna to Berlin.
2. The relationship between Prussia and France became bitter.
3. Prussia and Spain came under the rule of the same dynasty.

Answer: 1. The political center of central Europe shifted from Vienna to Berlin.

Question 100.  France signed the Treaty of Frankfurt with Prussia in 1871.

1. France was defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
2. France did not fight but surrendered to Prussia.
3. Both France and Prussia agreed to support each other by the Treaty of Frankfurt.

Answer: 1.  France was defeated at the Battle of Sedan.

Question 101.  Bismarck signed the Treaty of Gastein with Austria.

1. Bismarck aimed to take the help of Austria for German unification.
2. Bismarck aimed to settle the confrontation with Austria.
3. The treaty was a temporary solution and Bismarck resolved to teach Austria a proper lesson in time.

Answer: 3. The treaty was a temporary solution and Bismarck resolved to teach Austria a proper lesson in time.

Question 102.  Czar Alexander II is called the ‘Czar Liberator’.

1. He improved the condition of the workers.
2. He changed the system of production in industries.
3. He abolished serfdom in Russia.

Answer: 3.  He abolished serfdom in Russia.

Question 103.  There were some defects in the Emancipation Statute of 1861.

1. The amount of compensation payable to the landlord by the peasants fixed by the Act was much higher than the customary prices of land in the market.
2. The landlords were required to part with 50% of their land to be given to the liberated serfs.
3. The serfs were to be, full-fledged citizens of Russia.

Answer: 1. The amount of compensation payable to the landlord by the peasants fixed by the Act was much higher than the customary prices of land in the market.

Question 104.  Czar Peter the Great is known as the ‘Father of modern Russia’.

1. Under his leadership modernization of Russia was started.
2. He abolished serfdom.
3. He improved the economic system of Russia.

Answer:  3. He improved the economic system of Russia.

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire, And Nationalism Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio on the island of Corsica.

Question 2. What was the period of rule of the Consulate in France?
Answer: The period of rule of the Consulate in France was 1794-1799.

Question 3. Who is known as Justinian II and why?
Answer: Napoleon’s most important contribution was the Code Napoleon. It incorporated the noble principles of the French Revolution. For this progressive code, he was known as Justinian II.

Question 4. Who established the Bank of France?
Answer: Napoleon established the Bank of France.

Question 5. Who remarked, “I am the Revolution and I destroyed the Revolution”?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte, the ruler of France remarked, “I am the Revolution and I destroyed the Revolution”.

Read and Learn More WBBSE Class 9 History Very Short Answer Questions

Question 6. Into how many parts was Code Napoleon divided?
Answer: Code Napoleon was divided into five parts-the Civil Code, the Criminal Code, the Penal Code, the Commercial Code, and other codes.

Question 7. What is known as the ‘Bible of the French’?
Answer: ‘Code Napoleon’ is known as the Bible of the French.

Question 8. What are Lyces?
Answer: Lyces are residential semi-military schools of France where boys of the noble and aristocratic families used to study to become officers in the army.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Very Short Answer Questions With Solutions

Question 9. When was Napoleon born?
Answer: Napoleon was born in 1769.

Question 10. When did the French Revolution break out?
Answer: The French Revolution broke out in 1789.

Question 11. When was the Treaty of Campo Formio signed?
Answer: The Treaty of Campo Farmio was signed in 1797.

WBBSE Class 9 Revolutionary Ideals VSAQs

Question 12. In which year Napoleon launched a campaign against Egypt?
Answer: Napoleon launched a campaign against Egypt in 1798.

Question 13. Who was the first Consul of France?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte was the first Consul of France.

Question 14. What do you mean by a Republic?
Answer: A Republic is a state in which power is held by the people’s representatives and the head of the state is not a monarch.

Question 15. What is the meaning of Code?
Answer: Code means a systematic set of laws.

Question 16. What was the Legion of Honour?
Answer: Napoleon introduced a special title of honour for eminent citizens called the Legion of Honour.

Napoleonic Empire VSAQs for Class 9

Question 17. In which year did Napoleon become the Emperor of France?
Answer: Napoleon became the Emperor of France in 1804.

Question 18. When and against whom did the Battle of 11 According to which treaty did France and Trafalgar take place?
Answer: The Battle of Trafalgar took place in 1805 against Napoleon.

Question 19. When and between whom was the Battle of Ulm fought?
Answer: The Battle of Ulm was fought in 1805 between France and Austria.

NEET Biology Class 9 Question And Answers	WBBSE Class 9 History Notes	WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Life Science and Environment
WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Notes	WBBSE Class 9 History Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Long Answer Questions
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography And Environment	WBBSE Class 9 History Long Answer Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Multiple Choice Questions
WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 History Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Maths
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 History	WBBSE Class 9 History Very Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Science and Environment

 

WBBSE VSAQs On Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism

Question 20. Which two countries of Europe did Napoleon reconstitute?
Answer: Napoleon reconstituted Italy and Germany.

Question 21. Which nation was called the ‘Nation of Shopkeepers’ and by whom?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte called the English ‘the Nation of Shopkeepers’.

Question 22. When and between whom was the Treaty of Tilsit concluded?
Answer: The Treaty of Tilsit was concluded in 1807 between Napoleon Bonaparte, the ruler of France, and Alexander I, the Tsar of Russia.

Question 23. When was the monarchy re-established in France?
Answer: In 1804 Napoleón declared himself the emperor of France and a monarchy was re-established in France.

Question 24. Who was Nelson?
Answer: Nelson was the naval chief of England.

Question 25. Who routed the French navy in the historic naval Battle of Trafalgar?
Answer: Admiral Nelson of England routed the French navy in the historic naval Battle of Trafalgar.

Question 26. What were the two major incidents of the year 1807?
Answer: In the year 1807 the Battle of Jena was fought between Prussia and France and the Treaty of Tilsit was signed between Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia.

Nationalism in Europe VSAQs

Question 27. According to which Treaty France and Russia promised to remain neutral against each other?
Answer: According to the Treaty of Tilsit France and Russia promised to remain neutral against each other.

Question 28. Who established the Duchy of Warsaw?
Answer: Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw.

Question 29. When was the Duchy of Warsaw established?
Answer: The Duchy of Warsaw was established in 1807.

Question 30. What was the year of the Peninsular War?
Answer: The year of the Peninsular War was 1808.

Question 31. Which nation was called the ‘Nation of Shopkeepers’ and by whom?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte called the English ‘The Nation of Shopkeepers’.

Question 32. Who introduced the Continental System?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte introduced the Continental System.

Question 33. When was the Continental System introduced?
Answer: The Continental System was introduced in 1806.

Question 34. What was the Continental System?
Answer: Napoleon introduced the Continental System in 1806 which was an economic strategy in Europe intended to cripple and prevent Great Britain from trading with. other European powers.

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals VSAQs

Question 35. When and by whom was the Berlin Decree introduced?
Answer: The Berlin Decree was introduced by Napoleon in 1806.

Question 36. What was the Berlin Decree?
Answer: The Berlin Decree issued by Napoleon in 1806 declared a naval blockade against England i.e., the countries allied to Napoleon would have to stop trade with England.

Question 37. When and by whom was the Milan Decree introduced?
Answer: The Milan Decree was introduced by Napoleon in 1807.

Question 38. What was the Milan Decree?
Answer: The Milan Decree issued by Napoleon in 1807 was that any ship of any country trying to reach England would be caught and confiscated.

Practice VSAQs for Class 9 History: Revolutionary Ideals and Nationalism

Question 39. When did Napoleon invade Russia?
Answer: Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812.

Question 40. Which country followed the ‘scorched earth policy’ against France?
Answer: Russia followed the ‘scorched earth policy’ against France.

Question 41. When did the Battle of Waterloo take place?
Answer: The Battle of Waterloo took place in 1815.

Napoleonic Empire Very Short Questions With Answers For WBBSE History

Question 43. When and against whom did the Battle of Nations take place?
Answer: In 1813 the Battle of Nations took place against Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 44. Who was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo?
Answer: Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.

Examples of Very Short Answer Questions on the Napoleonic Era

Question 45. Name the final battle that sealed Napoleon’s fate.
Answer: The final battle that sealed Napoleon’s fate was the Battle of Waterloo.

Question 46. Name the islands where Napoleon was banished.
Answer: Napoleon was banished to the islands of Elba and St. Helena.

Question 47. Mention the period of the ‘Hundred Days Rule’.
Answer: The period of the Hundred Days Rule was from 20 March to 29 June 1815.

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire, And Nationalism Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The ‘Child of the French Revolution was-

1. Charles IV
2. Arthur Wellesley
3. Napoleon
4. Louis XVI

Answer: 3. Napoleon

Question 2. Napoleon invaded Milan in

1. 1795
2. 1796
3. 1797
4. 1798

Answer: 2. 1796

Question 3. The currency system in France was reformed by

1. Louis XVI
2. Napoleon
3. Calonne
4. Louis XVIII

Answer: 2. Napoleon

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Question 4. Conferring of the Legion of Honour on men of eminence was an important reform introduced by

1. Montesquieu
2. Napoleon
3. Voltaire
4. Charles II

Answer: 2. Napoleon

WBBSE Class 9 Revolutionary Ideals MCQs

Question 5. The number of departments into which Napoleon divided France-

1. 80
2. 82
3. 83
4. 93

Answer: 3. 83

Question 6. Napoleon by the Concordat of 1801 solved the question of conflict between-

1. The First Estate and the Third Estate
2. The French government and the army
3. The French government and the clergy
4. The French government and the Pope

Answer: 4. The French government and the Pope

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Question 7. The greatest achievement of Napoleon’s financial system was the foundation of the-

1. Heavy industries
2. Rationing system
3. Bank of France
4. Employment exchange

Answer: 3. Bank of France

Question 8. Napoleon was born in

1. Elba island
2. Spain
3. Britain
4. Corsica island

Answer: 4. Corsica island

Question 9. After the Reign of Terror in France, a new government known as the Directory came into power in

1. 1795
2. 1792
3. 1789
4. 1804

Answer: 1. 1795

Question 10. Napoleon overthrew the Directory and assumed supreme power as the First consul in–

1. 1795
2. 1796
3. 1799
4. 1800

Answer: 3. 1799

Key MCQs on the Napoleonic Empire for Class 9

Question 11. The University of France was established by

1. Metternich
2. Louis X
3. Napoleon
4. Guizot

Answer: 3. Napoleon

Question 12. The French Art Gallery was established by

1. Leopold
2. Talleyrand
3. Louis XVI
4. Napoleon

Answer: 4. Napoleon

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 MCQs

Question 13. Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Trafalgar by the naval chief of-

1. Russia
2. England
3. Prussia
4. Italy

Answer: 2. England

Class 9 History WBBSE

Question 14. In the Battle of Austerlitz Napoleon defeated the joint army of –

1. Austria and Russia
2. Austria and Spain
3. Austria and Prussia
4. Spain and Russia

Answer: 1. Austria and Russia

Question 15. The Confederation of the Rhine was created in the year-

1. 1807
2. 1806
3. 1802
4. 1808

Answer: 2. 1806

Question 16. The kingdom of Westphalia was created in

1. 1802
2. 1805
3. 1807
4. 1811

Answer: 3. 1807

Understanding Nationalism MCQs for Class 9 History

Question 17. The treaty by which Russia promised to help France against England was the-

1. Treaty of Pressburg
2. Treaty of Portsmouth
3. Treaty of Tilsit
4. Treaty of Paris

Answer: 3. Treaty of Tilsit

Class 9 History Chapter 1 West Bengal Board

Question 18. The kingdom of Westphalia was carved out of the territory of-

1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. Spain

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 19. The kingdom of Westphalia was entrusted to Napoleon’s brother-

1. Jerome
2. Francis Ferdinand
3. Louis XIV
4. Charles IV

Answer: 1. Jerome

WBBSE History Multiple-Choice Questions On Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism

Question 20. Napoleon was a supporter of-

1. Liberty
2. Colonialism
3. Democracy
4. Slavery

Answer: 1. Liberty

Question 21. Who is called the ‘Destroyer of the Revolution’?

1. Alexander II
2. Napoleon
3. Nelson
4. Charles II

Answer: 2. Napoleon

Question 22. The French blockade was a paper blockade because France did not have adequate-

1. Arms
2. Navy
3. Cavalry
4. Soldiers

Answer: 2. Navy

Step-by-Step Guide to Answering MCQs on Revolutionary Ideals

Question 23. The Pope was imprisoned for his refusal to accept the Continental System by –

1. Michel Ney
2. Gabriel
3. Napoleon
4. Nicholas

Answer: 3. Napoleon

Question 24. Napoleon made the most daring adventure in his life by launching the invasion of-

1. Spain
2. China
3. Germany
4. Russia

Answer: 4. Russia

Question 25. The ‘Scorched Earth Policy’ was followed by –

1. England
2. Russia
3. Spain
4. Portugal

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 26. After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was sent to

1. Elba
2. Sports
3. St. Helena
4. Corsica

Answer: 3. St. Helena

Question 27. In the Battle of Waterloo, Napoléon was defeated by

1. Nelson
2. Alexander II
3. Talleyrand
   
4. Duke of Wellington

Answer: 4. Duke of Wellington

Practice MCQs for Class 9 History: Napoleonic Empire

Question 28. The fate of Napoleon was sealed forever in the fierce battle of-

1. Trafalgar
2. Leipzig
3. Austerlitz
4. Waterloo

Answer: 4. Waterloo

Question 29. Napoleon issued the Milan Decree in-

1. 1807
2. 1808
3. 1809
4. 1810

Answer: 1. 1807

Question 30.  Napoleon is called the ‘Destroyer of the Revolution’.

1. He was against individual freedom, the rule of law, freedom of speech, and the press.
2. He provided equality to his people by implementing the Code Napoleon.
3. Every individual, however, low-born could attain high posts based on merit.

Answer: 1. He was against individual freedom, rule of law, freedom of speech, and the press.

Question 31.  Napoleon introduced the Civil Code in 1804.

1. To punish the French.
2. To prove his worth as an emperor.
3. To establish equality before the law in France.

Answer: 3. To establish equality before the law in France.

Key Themes in the Napoleonic Empire for MCQs

Question 32.  Austria signed the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805.

1. Austria was defeated by the French in the Battle of Austerlitz.
2. Austria was defeated in the Battle of Jena by France.
3. Austria was defeated in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Answer: 1. Austria was defeated by the French in the Battle of Austerlitz.

Question 33.  The Battle of Trafalgar is noteworthy.

1. It indirectly paved the way for the downfall of Napoleon.
2. Napoleon devised a scheme to disrupt the commercial connections of the English.
3. After the battle, a royalist insurrection broke out in France.

Answer: 1.  It indirectly paved the way for the downfall of Napoleon.

Question 34.  The Continental System was imposed by Napoleon.

1. To bring Russia under control.
2. To bring Austria under control.
3. To bring England under control.

Answer: 3. To bring England under control.

Examples of Multiple Choice Questions on Nationalism

Question 35. Statement: Napoleon’s Moscow expedition failed.

1. It was because of natural features and climatic conditions.
2. It was because of a shortage of arms and weapons.
3. It was because of the revolt by Napoleon’s soldiers.

Answer: 1.  It was because of natural features and climatic conditions.

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire, And Nationalism Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What was the first military success of Napoleon?
Answer: First Military Success Of Napoleon:-

Napoleon removed the English from the port of Toulon in 1793 as an employee of the French army and curbed the counter-revolutionaries there. This was the first military success of Napoleon.

Question 2. Which incident is known in France as the 13th Vendemiaire? Or, What was the incident of October 5, 1795?
Answer: 13th Vendemiaire:-

The incident of 5 October 1795 was an important stage in the rise of Napoleon to power who got the responsibility of commanding the French army in Italy. At that time the Reign of Terror was going on in France. On 5 October 1795, the members of the National Convention were attacked by a rowdy mob.

Napoleon with the help of his soldiers resisted the attack and thus saved the National Convention. This incident is known in history as the 13th Vendemiaire.

Read and Learn More WBBSE Class 9 History Short Answer Questions

Question 3. In which year and by whom was the Battle of Nile fought? Who was defeated?
Answer:

1. The Battle of Nile was fought in 1798 between England and France.
2. France was defeated in the Battle of the Nile.

Examples of Short Answer Questions on Nationalism

Question 4. Give an account of Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt.
Answer:

Napoleon’s Invasion Of Egypt:-

In 1798 Napoleon launched a campaign against Egypt. On his way to Egypt, he conquered Malta and Alexandria and achieved victory in the Battle of Pyramid. The Egyptian army was defeated by him and he entered Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

WBBSE Class 9 Revolutionary Ideals SAQs

Question 5. In which year and by whom was the Battle of Pyramid fought? Who was defeated?
Answer:

1. The Battle of Pyramid was fought between France and England in 1798.
2. England was defeated in the Battle of Pyramid.

Question 6. What do you mean by the rule of the ‘Consulate’?
Answer: Consulate:-

In 1799 Napoleon took away the powers of the Directory, concentrated power in his own hands and himself became the ruler of the country. At this time he introduced an administration popularly known as the ‘Consulate’. Under the Consulate France was ruled by a council that consisted of three members.

Question 7. What is the importance of Code Napoleon?
Answer: The importance of Code Napoleon introduced by Napoleon Bonaparte is as follows:

1. It protected the interests of the rising middle class.
2. It guaranteed civil liberties.
3. It preserved the social aims of the revolution.

Question 8. When and between whom was the Treaty of Luneville signed?
Answer: The Treaty of Luneville was signed between France and Austria in 1801.

Key SAQs on the Napoleonic Empire for Class 9

Question 9. When and between whom was the Treaty of Amiens signed?
Answer: The Treaty of Amiens was signed in 1802 between France and England.

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Question 10. What is ‘Legion of Honour’?
Answer: Legion Of Honour:-

Napoleon introduced a special title of honor for eminent citizens called the Legion of Honour in 1802. Those who could show their ability, courage, or any other work of outstanding ability were given the title of Legion of Honour. Its inductees received the Legion’s small white enameled cross which hung on a red silk ribbon, as a public show of gratitude.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Short Answer Questions With Solutions

Question 11. What is the importance of the year 1804 in France?
Answer: In 1804 Napoleon declared himself to be the emperor of France. In this year the legal veil of republicanism was dropped and the monarchy was re-established in France.

Question 12. Against whom was the Third European Coalition formed? Who were the members of the Third Coalition?
Answer:

1. The Third European Coalition was formed against France.
2. Under the leadership of England, Austria, and Russia united against France, and the Third European Coalition was formed.

Question 13. What is the importance of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Answer: The Battle of Trafalgar was fought in 1805 between Nelson, the naval chief of England, and Napoleon. Napoleon was defeated in this battle. This battle indirectly paved the way for the downfall of Napoleon.

Understanding Nationalism SAQs for Class 9 History

Question 14. In which year was the Treaty of Tilsit signed? What were the countries that signed the treaty?
Answer:

1. The Treaty of Tilsit was signed in the year 1807.
2. It was signed between Czar Alexander of Russia and Napoleon Bonaparte of France.

Question 15. What is the importance of the Battle of Austerlitz?
Answer: The Battle of Austerlitz was fought between France on one side and the joint army of Austria and Russia on the other. Austria and Russia were defeated by France and were forced to sign the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805.

Question 16. Between whom was the Battle of Jena fought? Who was defeated?
Answer:

1. The Battle of Jena was fought between Prussia and France.
2. Prussia was defeated in this battle.

WBBSE Short Answer Questions On Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism

Question 17. Why did Napoleon annex Portugal?
Answer: Napoleon introduced the Continental System. When Portugal, an ally of the British, rejected the Continental System Napoleon sent the French army to Portugal through Spain without caring to take the consent of the Spanish king. Portugal was annexed in 1807.

Question 18. What was the ‘Peninsular War’ (1808)?
Answer: Portugal suffered greatly because of the Continental System introduced by Napoleon and naturally began to flout it. Napoleon, therefore, attacked Portugal and occupied it. The French army on their way back to France occupied Spain. At this time Portugal joined Spain and declared war against Napóleon which is known as the Peninsular War (1808).”

Question 19. “The Spanish Ulcer ruined me”-Who said this and why?
Answer: Napoleon came to know through his agencies that Spain was not following his Continental System. He, therefore, launched an attack on Spain in 1808 but his so far invincible army was defeated by Spain with the help of the English army in 1808. The Spanish attack proved disastrous and ultimately Napoleon himself accepted it to be an ‘ulcer’ for him.

Step-by-Step Guide to Answering SAQs on Revolutionary Ideals

Question 20. What was the Fontainebleau Decree?
Answer: To make his Continental System successful! Napoleon issued the Fontainebleau Decree in 1810. It was declared that those found guilty of violating the commercial rules of France would be punished. By this decree, it was declared that the goods confiscated would be burnt publicly. A court of law was also established for those found guilty.

Question 21. Write a short note on the Battle of Leipzig (or Battle of Nations), in 1813.
Answer: The European nations were annoyed by Napoleon’s expansionist policy and the dissatisfied nations like Prussia, Russia, Sweden, England, and Austria formed a coalition against Napoleon. A fierce battle which is known as the Battle of Leipzig between Napoleon and the allied countries was fought in 1813. In this battle also known as the ‘Battle of Nations’, Napoleon was defeated.

Question 23. Why is the Battle of Leipzig also known as the ‘Battle of Nations’?
Answer: The Battle of Leipzig (1813) was fought between Napoleon and dissatisfied nations like Prussia, Russia, Sweden, England, and Austria. This battle is also known as the Battle of Nations because in this battle soldiers of all nations except Turkey fought against Napoleon.

Practice SAQs for Class 9 History: Napoleonic Empire

Question 24. Why was Napoleon banished to the island of Elba?
Answer: The European nations were threatened by Napoleon’s expansionist policy and dissatisfied nations like Prussia, Russia, Sweden, England, and Austria formed a coalition against Napoleon.

A fierce battle was fought at Leipzig between Napoleon and the allied countries in 1813. In this battle, Napoleon was defeated. Napoleon could not defend France from the violent invasion of the European powers. By the treaty of Fontainebleau, he resigned the crown of France. He was banished to the island of Elba, a small island in Corsica.

Question 25. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? Can he be called a Liberator?
Answer:

1. In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself the emperor of France and reintroduced monarchy in France. He. conquered his neighboring countries and created kingdoms, where he placed his family members.
2. Initially, people believed that Napoleon was a liberator who would bring freedom to the people, but soon his army was viewed as an invading force. So he was finally defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire, And Nationalism

Question 1. What were the causes of Napoleon’s rise to power?
Answer: After the Reign of Terror (1793-94) in France a new government known as the Directory came into power in 1795. From the very beginning, the Directory rule was in danger. The task of meeting the danger was entrusted to Napoleon Bonaparte, a very able military officer.

The causes of his rise to power are as follows:

1. The people of France were tired of lawlessness, disorder, and bloodshed and were keenly looking forward to seeing the reins of the government in some powerful hands. The people of France found in him a ‘messiah’ as they believed that he could bring them out of their critical days.
2. Napoleon was a skillful soldier, a grand tactician, and a military genius which helped him to rise to power.
3. The new technique of warfare that he adopted brought him tremendous success.
4. Another aspect that helped him to rise to power was that he was unscrupulous in his ambitions. He was willing to go to any extent to achieve his goal. He did not bother about theories and principles. He did not have fear of God or man nor was he averse to any brutality, as such, nothing could stop him from striving to excel in his ambitions.
5. His marriage with Josephine Beauharnais, the widow of a revolutionary general and the mistress of one of the Directors, further boosted his image among the French people.

WBBSE Class 9 Revolutionary Ideals LAQs

Question 2. Can Napoleon be called the ‘Child of the Revolution’?
Answer:

Child Of The Revolution:-

Napoleon called himself the ‘Child of the Revolution’. He was a supporter of the principles of the Revolution viz. liberty, equality, and fraternity. He laid great stress on equality but destroyed liberty. He provided equality to every individual in the country by implementing the Code Napoleon. Everybody was taxed irrespective of occupation to all.

The civil code aimed to protect some of and social status and equal justice was awarded the basic principles of the Revolution like legal and social equality, and equal rights of property among children of the same father. It asserted freedom of thought, religion individual liberty, and freedom to work. Every individual, however, low born could attain high posts on the basis of merit and qualification.

Though Napoleon provided equality to his people, he took away their liberty. He believed in absolute monarchy and established his empire on the strength of his autocratic personality. The administration was centralized completely. He captured the real power of the provincial government by placing all the officials under the central government.

With all the rights of the judiciary and executive vested in him, he used to live in the palace of Tuileries like the Bourbon kings. He established full control over education and destroyed individual freedom, the rule of law, freedom of speech, and the press. He sent honest critics arbitrarily to prison. Thus he killed the principles of the Revolution keeping in view the necessity of his times.

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Question 3. Can Napoleon be called the ‘Destroyer of the Revolution’?
Answer: No, Napoleon Can’t Be The Destroyer Of The Revolution:-

Napoleon was a supporter of the principles of the French Revolution viz, liberty, equality, and fraternity. He provided equality to every individual in the country by implementing his code. Though he provided equality to his people he took away their liberty. He believed in absolute monarchy and established his empire on the basis of his personality. The administration was centralized completely.

He captured the real power of the provincial government by placing all the officials under the central government. With all the rights of the judiciary and executive vested in him, he used to live in the palace of Tuileries like the absolute Bourbon kings.

He established full control of education and destroyed individual freedom, the rule of law, freedom of speech, and the press. He sent honest critics arbitrarily to prison. Thus he killed the principles of the revolution keeping in view the necessity of the time. He is thus called ‘the destroyer of the Revolution’.

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WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Long Answer Questions

Question 4. Discuss the administrative reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Answer: Reforms Of Napoleon Bonaparte:-

France was under the Consulate between 1799 and 1804. Napoleon was the First Consul. It was as the First Consul that Napoleon introduced important reforms in all branches of administration.

Key LAQs on the Napoleonic Empire

Other reforms: Napoleon established a banking system and set up a Network of museums and libraries. He repaired and constructed a large number of roads and bridges and also dug canals. He abolished serfdom and introduced new taxes.

Assessment: Though Napoleon provided equality to his people, he took away their liberty. He destroyed individual freedom, the rule of law, freedom of speech, and the press Thus he killed the principles of the Revolution keeping in view the necessity of his times.

Examples of Long Answer Questions on Nationalism

Question 5. How did Napoleon reorganize Germany taken back from her? The Grand Duchy of  Italy?
Answer: Reorganisation of Germany: Napoleon virtually became the master of Germany after the defeat of Austria and Russia. His most significant work was the reorganization of Germany. He organized 150 small states of Germany and established Federal Diet for their administration. He aimed to create 39 kingdoms as satellites of France.

He formed:

1. The Confederation of Rhine and declared himself the President of this confederation.
2. A part of Poland which was with Prussia was Warsaw was given to Napoleon’s friend, Duke of Saxony;
3. A new state named Westphalia was created by taking the provinces of Rhine from Prussia. A brother of Napoleon called Jerome was given this state later on. He introduced Code Napoleon and his land was reformed in Germany. Though he undertook all these activities for his advantage, indirectly it contributed a lot towards the unification of Germany.

Reorganization of Italy:

1. Napoleon reorganized Italy in many ways, such as
2. In Italy, Napoleon carried the reorganization by the Treaties of Campo Formio (1798) and Pressburg (1805).
3. He assumed the title of the king of Italy and he appointed his stepson Prince Eugine as the governor of North Italy.
4. He appointed his brother Joseph as the king of Naples.
5. He created uniformity in different laws, taxes, educational systems, coins and weights, and measures. His acts created a feeling of unity in Italy and paved the way for its ultimate unification.

Question 6. Describe the growth of the Napoleonic empire from 1804 to 1807 (Treaty of Tilsit).
Answer: Napoleon became the emperor of France in 1804. He pursued a vigorous foreign policy.

Formation of Third Coalition: To counteract the ambition of Napoleon, the Third European Coalition against France took place. Alexander I of Russia was the architect of this coalition and treaties were concluded with Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Great Britain.

Battle of Trafalgar: The Battle of Trafalgar was fought in 1805. The British won the naval battle at Trafalgar over Napoleon. Napoleon was defeated in the battle.

Battle of Ulm: The Battle of Ulm was fought between France and Austria. Napoleon made a lightning attack upon Austria and the unprepared Austrians were defeated.

Battle of Austerlitz: The Battle of Austerlitz was fought between France on one side and the joint army of Austria and Russia on the other. Austria and Russia were defeated by the French and were forced to sign the treaty of Pressburg in 1805.

Battle of Jena: The battle of Jena was fought between Prussia and France. The French troops defeated Prussia in this battle. So all the major European powers came under the control of France except England.

Treaty of Tilsit: The Treaty of Tilsit was signed in 1807. It was signed between Czar Alexander of Russia and NaTreaty Bonaparte of France. According to this treaty Russia promised to help France against England. The Treaty of Tilsit marked the highest watermark of Napoleon’s glory.

Understanding Nationalism in the French Revolution

Question 7. What do you mean by Continental System? How did it contribute to the downfall of Napoleon?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of France, made several attempts to defeat England in direct wars, but he was unsuccessful due to a lack of naval force. So Napoleon introduced the Continental System in order to defeat England in an indirect war. By this system of economic warfare, he wanted to destroy the trade and commerce of England.

Through the Berlin Decree in 1806, he declared a naval blockade against England. He asked his vassal countries to stop the entry and movement of British ships around their ports. Through the Milan Decree, he proclaimed that any ship of any country trying to reach England would be confiscated. He compelled the European countries to take an active part in this scheme.

Napoleon adopted a high-handed policy to implement the Continental System. As a result, prices of various commodities shot up. The people began to suffer hardships evenabouto their daily necessities. Various countries gradually started flouting the Continental System.

So Napoleon waged wars against Russia, Spain, Portugal, and Holland. The Pope of Rome also rejected the Continental System and Napoleon captured Rome. The whole of Europe was disturbed by his scheme and various countries began to conspire against France. Thus the Continental System failed and led to Napoleon’s downfall.

Question 8. What were the causes of the failure of the Continental System?
Answer:

The Continental System introduced by Napoleon failed due to various reasons:

1. Most of the European countries depended on British goods, but when the supply of these articles was stopped, people had to face great difficulties and they began to oppose the Continental System.
2. France couldn’t control the vast sea without a powerful fleet.
3. British goods were smuggled to different parts of Europe and Napoleon could not check it due to his weak navy.
4. Spain and Portugal did not join this scheme and extended their cooperation to England.
5. Napoleon lost the sympathy of the people. He was hated by the people for his selfish and tyrannical rule.
   Napoleon’s Continental System was a total failure and proved suicidal for him.

Practice LAQs for Class 9 History: Napoleonic Empire

WBBSE History Long Answer Questions On Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism

Question 9. Describe the Russian campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Answer: Napoleon made the most daring decision of his life by launching the invasion of Russia in 1812 with 600,000 French soldiers. The Russians deserted all the towns and villages that fell in Napoleon’s path. Only in Borodin, the Russian troops were defeated by Napoleon but he lost thousands of his soldiers.

Napoleon next marched to Moscow where the Russian general Kutuzov followed a new military tactic. Kutuzov adopted direct battle and forced Napoleon to chase the Russian army deep into the interior of Russia. Meanwhile, the roads to return. Were destroyed by the Russians. Bridges were demolished and towns were destroyed. The Russians adopted the ‘scorched earth policy’.

It was winter and bitterly cold. Napoleon could not procure any food for his soldiers. He and his army marched back to France. Of the 600,000 soldiers, less than 10000 were left. Napoleon lost his grand army in Russia. His Russian campaign ended in a major disaster.

Question 10. Give an account of the nationalist reactions of the people of the Iberian Peninsula against the Napoleonic Empire.
Answer: As soon as Napoleon became the emperor of France in 1804 he started warfare against the European powers.

Invasion of the Iberian Peninsula:
Napoleon set his armies for the control of the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain). The French army occupied Portugal and Spain. Napoleon set his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne. This was a national dishonor for the Spanish people.

Peninsular War (1808):
The military conflict fought by Spain and Portugal assisted by the United Kingdom against the invasion of France for the control of the Iberian Peninsula, during the Napoleonic Wars is known as the Peninsular War.

Nationalist reactions of the people of the Iberian Peninsula:
Most Iberians rejected French rule and fought to oust them. Madrid and other cities throughout the Peninsula rose against the French. Revolutionary councils and national guards were organized. Provincial insurrection took place throughout Spain and the Spaniards showed great capacity for guerilla warfare. The proclamation of Joseph as the new king of Spain led to a general anti-French revolt across the Iberian peninsula.

Irregular bands of troops sprang up, mob violence visited upon those accused of being pro-French. The uprising of the Spanish people and the guerillas prevented Napoleon from being able to deploy troops sufficient to win the battles against the Spanish and British armies. The ‘Spanish ulcer’ ruined Napoleon.

Step-by-Step Guide to Answering LAQs on Revolutionary Ideals

Question 11. Describe the nationalist reactions against the Napoleonic empire.
Answer: Napoleon declared himself the ‘Emperor of France’ in 1804 and he established a vast empire. He conquered Italy, Germany, Prussia, Holland, Switzerland, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, and Naples. But his empire did not last long and there were nationalist reactions against his empire.

He was regarded as a foreigner by the people of the vanquished nations. Gradually, the spirit of nationalism grew powerful and people began to oppose him.

1. The people of Spain began to organize revolutionary councils and national guards. All of Spain stood as one man against Napoleon.
2. The spirit of nationalism that developed in Spain gradually spread to other European countries and initiated a formidable liberation struggle. The nationalist spirit of the Dutch, Belgians, GGermans Italians, Swiss, and Poles was provoked when they found that the French formed a ruling class over them.
3. When Napoleon was trying to consolidate at home, Germany started their war of liberation under the leadership of Prussia to which Austria and Russia also joined.
4. Students, teachers, peasants, clergy, and nobles of Germany joined hands against Napoleon. Thus Napoleon had to face people imbued with the spirit of nationalism.

Key Themes in the Napoleonic Empire for LAQs

Question 6. Give an account of the reactions of the people against the Napoleonic Empire.
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte, the French emperor, pursued a vigorous foreign policy with a view to rebuilding the French colonial empire which resulted in acquiring for France a large number of territories. He conquered most of Europe and Egypt for France. There were reactions of the people against the Napoleonic empire.

1. The Battle of Leipzig was a battle of nations and nationalities. Students, teachers, peasants, clergy, and nobles of Germany joined hands against Napoleon.
2. Napoleon’s empire became very vast. There were Dutch, Belgians, Germans, Italians, Swiss, and Poles in his empire. The nationalist spirit of the people was provoked when they found that the French formed a ruling class over them and brought no new message.
3. The people of Holland enthroned the Prince of Orange against the wishes of Napoleon.
4. The Italian provinces rose in revolt against Napoleon.
5. Even in France people began to oppose Napoleon. They were against the policy of forced recruitment.
6. He lost the support of the people of Europe. When he captured the Papal kingdom and imprisoned the pope for the latter’s refusal to accept the Continental System, the whole of the Christian world blamed him as a high-handed man.

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Long Answer Questions

Question 1. What were the political causes of the French Revolution?
Answer: Political Causes Of The French Revolution:-

The most important event in European history during the 18th century was the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. Many and various political, economic, social, and philosophical factors led to the revolution’s outbreak. Political causes of the French Revolution.

The king of France regarded himself as representative of God on earth and believed in the theory of ‘Divine Right’. He did not consider himself responsible to anybody for his actions. This will was law.

The administrative system of France before the revolution was completely rotten and inefficient. Louis XVI as the king of France acted arbitrarily. He spent a lot of money on maintaining his court at Versailles and for his luxuries.

The nobility of France became very powerful. They shamelessly accumulated power in their own hands. The French king became a puppet in the hands of the nobility.

The king had the fullest control over the subjects. He could imprison or punish any person with the help of ‘letters de cachet’. By this, any individual could be imprisoned for an indefinite period. The ‘letters’ were misused by the faithful officials of the king Thousands of persons were imprisoned in the Bastille which became a symbol of autocratic rule.

The administrative system was hopelessly unsatisfactory. The legal system was full of confusion. There was no uniform law for the whole of the country. For all these reasons the Frenchmen naturally became restive to put an end to the autocratic rule in France.

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Question 2.”France was a museum of economic errors.” Discuss. Or, What were the economic causes of the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer:

The Economic Structure Of France Was One Of The Causes Of The French Revolution:-

Louis XVI, the ruler of France, had drained the nation’s resources in successive wars.

Due to the rise of population in France, there was more demand for food grains. So the price of food soared and the poor could not afford to buy food. As a result, the gap between the rich and the poor widened.

There was a discriminatory tax system in France. The privileged class or the wealthier section of the total revenue collected by the government was paid by the privileged class and 96% was paid by the unprivileged class paid no tax to the government. On the other hand, the unprivileged class had to bear the burden of taxation. Only 4% of

The Third Estate had to pay different kinds of taxes like taille (land tax), capitation (production tax), vingtiemes (income tax), glabella (salt tax), tithe (Religious tax), corvee (labor tax) aides (tax on wine, tobacco, etc.) and so on.

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Moreover, the method of realizing the revenue was also faulty. The revenue was collected by the contractors who used to realize more than what was due from the farmers but they deposited in the royal treasury only a part of it and thus appropriated a good amount for their use. Thus whereas the peasants were exploited, the royal treasury was also being looted by the revenue officers.

Due to the faulty economic structure of France, Adam Smith has remarked, “France was a museum of economic errors.”

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Question 3. Describe the discriminatory tax system in France before the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Answer: Discriminatory Tax System In France Before The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-

Before the outbreak of the French Revolution, French society was divided into two classes privileged and non-privileged. The privileged class or the wealthier section of society paid no tax to the government.

On the other hand, the unprivileged class had to bear the entire burden of taxation. Only 4% of the total revenue collected by the government was paid by the privileged class and 96% was paid by the unprivileged class.

Taille or direct land tax and tithes or religious tax were realized by the peasants. Vingtiemes or income tax, Gabella or salt tax, capitation or production tax, were also realized from them.

They had also to pay Aides or taxes on wine, tobacco, etc. The peasants had to work for the reconstruction of roads without any payment. This was known as corvee. Again they had to pay toll tax for using the same roads.

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Thus the French peasantry, which then constituted about 80% of the total population, had to deposit the lion’s share of their income to the king’s treasury as direct or indirect tax. After paying 80% of their income in taxation, the peasants hardly had any money to meet the necessities of life.

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution

Question 4. Describe the social structure of France before the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Answer: Before the outbreak of the French Revolution the society in France was based on a medieval structure. Society was divided into three estates:

First estate:

The clergy belonged to the first estate. They enjoyed certain privileges by birth. They were exempted from paying taxes to the state. They owned 10%-15% of all the land in France. The corrupt lifestyle of the clergy was reflected in its attempts to impose mortuary fees, marriage fees, and succession fees.

Second estate:

The second estate in France was composed of the French aristocracy and the landed class. They were also exempted from paying taxes. They enjoyed a large part of landed resources in the countryside.

Important LAQs on the French Revolution

Third estate:

About 90% of the population of the third estate were peasants. They had to work in the fields of their landlords as well as in their houses. They had to pay direct taxes like taille and also several indirect taxes like capitation, vingtiemes, and so on. They also had to pay taxes on articles of everyday use. The third estate was the most exploited social class in 18th-century France.

Question 5. What were the two main classes into which French society was divided? Describe them. much society was divided?
Answer:

French society was divided into two main classes:

1. The privileged and
2. The unprivileged.

1. The privileged class:

The privileged class comprised the nobles, feudal lords, and the higher clergy. They enjoyed all rights and privileges. All important posts were reserved for them. Apart from high posts in the administration, the sons of the nobles were appointed to lucrative posts in the church. They used to collect various taxes from the commoners while they were free from all sorts of taxation. They led a life of pleasure, luxury, and immorality.

2. The unprivileged class:

The unprivileged class consisted of peasants, tenants, laborers, artisans, small traders, and shopkeepers. They were not given any privileges like the nobles. They had to pay taxes and were not appointed to any lucrative post. The revenue collectors tortured them severely. In case of non-payment of dues, the revenue staff used to torture them. They were greatly discontented with the prevailing system of government and the social system.

Understanding Key Events of the French Revolution

Question 6. What was the role of French philosophers in the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer:

Denis Diderot:

Denis Diderot violently opposed all ancient institutions. He attacked the king’s autocracy, the privileges of the nobility and the church, and the defective tax system.

Physiocrats:

The economic thinkers of France criticized the economic policy of the French government. Economic thinkers like the physiocrats strongly criticized the mercantile doctrine and advocated free trade, privatization of trade, and industry. Quesnay and Adam Smith were the spokesmen of the doctrine of free trade and the removal of state control so far prevalent in the field of trade and commerce (Laissez-faire).

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Question 7. Did women in France play any role in 1789, the poorest women of France, angered by the Revolution in 1789?
Answer: From the very beginning, the women of France were active participants in the events related to the French Revolution of 1789.

Most women did not have access to education or job training. Only daughters of nobles or the wealthier members of the Third Estate could study at a convent. On 5 October 1789, the poorest Women of France, angered by the price rise and the indifferent attitude of the king to their misery, led a long march of 12 miles on the highway from Paris to Versailles shouting ‘Bread! Bread! Bread!’

To voice their concerns and issues, women started their own. political clubs and newspapers. About 60 women’s clubs came up in different cities in France. The ‘Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women’ was the most famous of these. Olympe de Gouges was one of the most politically active women of the revolutionary period in France.

The Constitution of 1791 reduced the rights of women. So they demanded the right to vote, the right to contest elections, and to hold political office.

During the Reign of Terror, the French government issued laws banning the political participation and activities of women and ordered the closure of women’s clubs. The fight for voting rights and equal wages continued. Finally, in 1946, women won the right to vote.

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Question 8. What were the causes of agrarian revolt (or, the spread of rural unrest) in France in 1789? What is its importance?
Answer: Various causes were responsible for the outbreak of the agrarian revolt in France in 1789.

The immediate cause of the revolt of the peasantry was the ‘Great Fear’. The ‘Great Fear’ was the rumor that spread in villages that criminals and brigands had been sent against the peasantry by the nobility. It was the plan made by the nobility to avenge their defeat in the States-General.

Another cause of the revolt of the peasants was the rise in the price of bread. A time came when higher prices could not procure bread.

The fall of Bastille and other violent incidents in different parts of France provoked the peasants to break out in rebellion.

The peasants who had been suffering for a long under feudal tyranny were disillusioned at the States-General meeting as they realized that it could not bring any change in their material life.

The importance of the agrarian revolt in France is as follows-

1. It opened the eyes of the elected representatives of the people in the States-General.
2. The violent incidents and the attacks upon the property of feudal lords by the rebel peasants convinced the elected representatives that for the security of their property, some concessions had to be granted.
3. On August 14, 1789, the nobility and the clergy voluntarily renounced the privileges they had been enjoying for a long time. As a result, feudalism came to an end in France.

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Question 9. What was the role of the Jacobins? What were the causes of the downfall of the Jacobins?
Answer: After the downfall of the Girondists, the members of the Jacobin party were Danton, Marat, and Robespierre. To terrorize the supporters of the monarchy, they advocated the establishment of the Reign of Terror.

The chief organs of the Reign of Terror were

1. The Committee of Public Safety,
2. The Committee of General Security and
   
3. Revolutionary Tribunal by which the suspects were put to death after a summary trial.

The chief weapons to establish control over the public of France were the ‘Law of Maximum’ and the ‘Law of Suspects’. Thousands of people were guillotined by the help of the ‘Law of Suspects’ on the grounds of mere suspicion.

Many were punished for non-compliance with the Law of Maximum. Thus during the Reign of Terror, they let loose tremendous atrocities on the people and put an end to the Girondists who opposed their policy.

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Various causes led to the downfall of the Jacobins.

1. The differences of opinion among the Jacobins contributed to their downfall.
2. The life and property of the people were not safe during the Reign of Terror and so the people opposed it.
3. The Jacobin leader Robespierre began to interfere in the religious beliefs of the people which hurt their feelings
4. The laborers were annoyed with the party as they had fixed their wages under the Law of Maximum.
5. The machinery of the Reign of Terror alienated the sympathy of the people and the Jacobins lost their ground.

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Question 10. What were the results of the French Revolution?
Answer:

The results of the French Revolution of 1789 are discussed below-

1. The revolution brought an end to the privileges of the clergy and the nobility.
2. It laid down that every nation should be free to choose its form of government.
3. It ended the arbitrary rule of the king and developed the idea of a peoples’ republic.
4. It emphasized the principle of equality. All men were made equal in the eyes of the law.
5. It asserted that each individual should have the liberty of speech, worship, and personal liberty.
6. To the liberals, the principle of civil equality and national sovereignty offered a model for an exploitation-free, progressive socio-political system.
7. After the revolution, the sovereign will of the people gained importance. No government could justify its existence unless it rested upon the consent of the people.
8. The political developments in 1789 in France made the conservatives apprehensive of a further outbreak of revolutionary fervor.
9. The ideas of democracy, nationalism, liberalism, and fraternity stirred the minds of European people.
10. It inspired revolutionary movements in almost every country in Europe and South and Central America.

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The burden of the financial activities of the state during the ‘ancient regime’ was borne by

1. The king alone
2. Nobles only
3. Third estate alone
4. Church alone

Answer: 3. Third estate alone

Question 2. France was defeated in the War of-

1. American Independence
2. Austrian succession
3. World War 1
4. World War 2

Answer: 2. Austrian succession

Question 3. In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family ascended the throne of-

1. A Germany
2. Italy
3. France
4. Britain

Answer: 3. France

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Question 4. The session of the States-General was summoned in 1789 in

1. Berlin
2. London
3. New York
4. Versailles

Answer: 4. Versailles

WBBSE Class 9 French Revolution MCQs

Question 5. Which of the following refers to the political body representing the three estates of pre-revolutionary France?

1. Reichstag
2. Provincial Assembly
3. Staes- General
4. National Assembly

Answer: 3. Staes- General

Question 6. The States-General was summoned by

1. Louis XVIII
2. Louis XV
3. Louis XVI
4. Louis XIV

Answer: 3. Louis XVI

Question 7. The States-General was the representative assembly in

1. Germany
2. Italy
3. Spain
4. France

Answer: 4. France

Question 8. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in

1. 1774
2. 1773
3. 1775
   
4. 1875

Answer: 1. 1774

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Question 9. The dynasty which ruled in France when the French Revolution broke out was-

1. Stuart
2. Tudor
3. Bourbon
4. Yamato

Answer: 3. Bourbon

Important MCQs on the French Revolution

Question 10. The States-General consisted of the representatives of-

1. First Estate
2. Second Estate
3. Third Estate
4. Three Estates

Answer: 4. Three Estates

Question 11. The States-General was summoned by King Louis XVI on-

1. 5 May 1789
2. 6 May 1788
3. 5 May 1788
4. 12 April 1789

Answer: 1. 5 May 1789

Question 12. The tax on religion imposed by the church was-

1. Vingtiemes
2. Corvee
3. Taille
4. Tithe

Answer: 4. Tithe

Question 13. Tithe, a tax on religion, was imposed on the members of-

1. Third Estate
2. First Estate
3. All estates
4. Second Estate

Answer: 1. Third Estate

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 14. The free labor rendered by the French peasants for the renovation of roads and buildings was known as-

1. Gabella
2. Vingtiemes
3. Corvee
4. Tithe

Answer: 3. Corvee

Question 15. Turgot, the Finance Minister, was appointed by

1. Louis XIV
2. Louis XVI
3. Louis XV
4. Louis XVIII

Answer: 2. Louis XVI

Question 16. Necker, the Finance Minister of France, was removed from his office by

1. Louis XVI
2. Calonne
3. Rousseau
4. Brienne

Answer: 1. Louis XVI

Understanding Key Events in the French Revolution

Question 17. The French government supported the thirteen colonies of America in their war against-

1. Spain
2. Italy
3. Great Britain
4. Germany

Answer: 3. Great Britain

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 18. The members of the Assembly of Notables were appointed by the

1. Finance Minister
2. States General
3. Queen
4. King

Answer: 4. King

Question 19. During the old regime, the king to pass proposals for new taxes had to call a meeting of the

1. Finance Minister
2. States-General
3. First Estate
4. Aristocrats

Answer: 2. States-General

Question 20. The session of the States-General was never summoned after-

1. 1614
2. 1615
3. 1514
4. 1715

Answer: 1. 1614

Question 21. ‘France was a museum of economic errors’ was remarked by-

1. Vincent Smith
2. Talleyrand
3. Rousseau
4. Adam Smith

Answer: 4. Adam Smith

Question 22. Louis XIV ruled during the period-

1. 1643-1720 AD
2. 1643-1715 AD
3. 1642-1720 AD
4. 1640-1716 AD

Answer: 2. 1643-1715 AD

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 23. The administrative official under the ancien regime was known as-

1. Intendant
2. Jacobins
3. Girondins
4. Consul

Answer: 1. Intendant

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Question 24. The Constitution of 1791 vested the power of making laws in the-

1. Lok Sabha
2. General Assembly
3. Provincial Assembly
4. National Assembly

Answer: 4. National Assembly

Question 25. The New Assembly elected in 1792 by general franchise came to be known as the

1. Constituent Assembly
2. Legislative Assembly
3. Local Council
4. National Convention

Answer: 4. National Convention

Question 26. One very important reform introduced by the Jacobin regime was the abolition of-

1. Monarchy
2. Slavery in French colonies
3. Dictatorship
4. Feudalism

Answer: 2. Slavery in French colonies

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Question 27. Marie Antoinette, the queen of Louis XVI, was guillotined in

1. 1793
2. 1795
3. 1796
4. 1801

Answer: 1. 1793

Question 28. Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of-

1. Murder
2. Plundering
3. Treason
4. Wasting money

Answer: 3. Treason

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Question 29. European coalition was formed against France by

1. Holland, Prussia, Austria, Britain
2. Holland, Prussia, Russia, Britain
3. Holland, Prussia, Austria, America
4. Holland, Prussia, Austria, Italy

Answer: 1. Holland, Prussia, Austria, Britain

Question 30. The ideas of democratic rights and liberty were the most important legacy of the

1. Glorious Revolution
2. Russian Revolution
3. French Revolution
4. Industrial Revolution

Answer: 3. French Revolution

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Question 31. One of the directors of the Directory was-

1. Abbe Sieyes.
2. Necker
3. Napoleon
4. Marat

Answer: 1. Abbe Sieyes.

Question 32. The First Consul bestowed with administrative powers was-

1. Mirabeau
2. Calonne
3. Quesnay
4. Napoleon

Answer: 4. Napoleon

Question 33. Louis XVI called the States-General which met for the last time in-

1. 1613
2. 1789
3. 1614
4. 1792

Answer: 3. 1614

Question 34. The States-General met on May 5, 1789, after a long lapse of-

1. 74 years
2. 174 years
3. 172 years
4. 154 years

Answer: 2. 174 years

Question 35. The Finance of Louis XVI’s Minister government was-

1. Danton
2. Marat
3. Robespierre
4. Necker

Answer: 4. Necker

Practice MCQs on French Revolution for Class 9

Question 36. The revolt against the king of France was first started by

1. Nobility
2. Clergy
3. Aristocrats
4. Sans-culottes

Answer: 3. Aristocrats

Question 37. Assignats were-

1. Promissory notes
2. Indirect tax
3. Tax on salt
4. Guild

Answer: 1. Promissory notes

Question 38. The currency was in use in France which was-

1. Assignat
2. Note
3. Livre
4. Tithe

Answer: 1. Assignat

Question 39. In 1795 the members of the National Convention prepared a new constitution known as the

1. Council
2. Consulate
3. Directory
4. States-General

Answer: 3. Directory

Question 40. The year of the September Massacre was-

1. 1791
2. 1793
3. 1789
4. 1792

Answer: 4. 1792

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Question 41. A violent mob attacked the Bastille on-

1. July 15, 1789
2. July 14, 1789
3. May 1, 1788
4. June 1, 1789

Answer: 2. July 14, 1789

Question 42. The Constituent Assembly divided the whole country into how many

1. 83
2. 84
3. 38
4. 86

Answer: 1. 83

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Question 43. Louis XVI was executed because-

1. He was against the revolution
2. He was an autocrat
3. He was a revolutionary
4. He joined in a conspiracy against foreign powers

Answer: 4. He joined in a conspiracy against the foreign powers

Question 44. After whose execution Reign of Terror ended in France?

1. Danton
2. Louis XVI
3. Robespierre
4. Marat

Answer: 3. Robespierre

Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution MCQs

Question 45. The spokesman of the doctrine of Laissez-faire was-

1. Quesnay
2. Denis Diderot
3. Rousseau
4. Voltaire

Answer: 1. Quesnay

Question 46. The author of ‘Person Letters’ was-

1. Voltaire
2. Quesnay
3. Montesquieu
4. Rousseau

Answer: 3. Montesquieu

Question 47. The doctrine of ‘Separation of Powers’ was advocated by-

1. Montesquieu
2. D’Alembert
3. Adam Smith
4. Rousseau

Answer: 1. Montesquieu

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Question 48. Eighteenth-century French society was divided into-

1. Two estates
2. Four estates
3. Castes
4. Three estates

Answer: 4. Three estates

Question 49. Which of the following in French society constituted the privileged class?

1. Clergy and peasants
2. Clergy and nobility
3. First and third estates
4. Peasants and nobility

Answer: 2. Clergy and nobility

Question 50. A society based on freedom, equal laws, and 9 In France the percentage of people’s opportunities was advocated by-

1. Nobility and clergy
2. Middle class
3. louis XVI
4. Philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau

Answer: 4. Philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau

Question 51. Who is known as the father of the French Revolution?

1. Rousseau
2. Louis XVI
3. Adam Smith
4. Quesnay

Answer: 1. Rousseau

Question 52. The revolt was first started in France by-

1. Clergy
2. Aristocrats
3. Peasants
4. Bourgeoise

Answer: 2. Aristocrats

Examples of French Revolution Multiple Choice Questions

Question 53. In France, the percentage of people belonging to the third estate was-

1. 99%
2. 50%
3. 97%
4. 80%

Answer: 3. 97%

Question 54. Which of the following did not belong to the third estate?

1. Peasants
2. Laborers
3. Workers
4. Clergy

Answer: 4. clergy

Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution

Question 55. The people of France destroyed the Bastille fort.

1. The fort was old and dilapidated.
2. The fort was a symbol of tyranny.
3. It was a fort of an enemy state.

Answer: 1. The fort was old and dilapidated.

Question 56.  Representatives of the third estate took the Tennis Court Oath.

1. They wanted to maintain a good relationship with the aristocracy.
2. They wanted to prepare a new constitution for the country.
3. They demanded to transfer the power to Sans-culottes.

Answer: 2. They wanted to prepare a new constitution for the country.

Question 57.  France lost her status as an international power in the 18th century.

1. There was an immense loss of men and money.
2. France was defeated in the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War.
3. There was a reign of terror in France.

Answer:   3. There was a reign of terror in France.

Question 58. Statement: King Louis XVI called an assembly of the States-General in 1789.

1. Louis XVI needed a solution of the prevailing economic crisis.
2. Louis XVI was forced to called the assembly under the pressure of the third estate.
3. Louis XVI assembly to trade policy.

Answer: 1.  Louis XVI needed a solution of the prevailing economic crisis.

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1 Who was the King of France when the French Revolution broke out?
Answer: Louis XVI was the King of France when the French Revolution broke out.

Question 2. What was the period of rule of Louis XVI?
Answer: The period of rule of Louis XVI was 1774- 1793.

Question 3. Name the ruling dynasty in France when the French Revolution broke out.
Answer: The ruling dynasty in France when the French Revolution broke out was the Bourbon dynasty.

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Question 4. What was the States-General?
Answer: The States-General was the Assembly of France which consisted of representatives of the three estates of the French society that passed legislations.

Question 5. When was the States-General summoned by King Louis XVI?
Answer: The States-General was summoned by King Louis XVI on 5 May 1789.

French Revolution Class 9 Question Answers

Question 6. What was ‘Vingtiemes’?
Answer: ‘Vingtiemes’ was the income tax paid by the peasants of France during the old regime.

Question 7. What is ‘Tithe’?
Answer: ‘Tithe’ was a tax on religion imposed on the members of the Third Estate by the Church.

WBBSE Class 9 French Revolution Very Short Answer Questions

Question 8. What is the ‘Contract of Poissey’?
Answer: The church of France controlled 1/5 of the landed property of France and paid a voluntary tax to the government by a contract known as the ‘Contract of Poissey’.

Question 9. Which king of France summoned the States-General?
Answer: Louis XVI, the king of France, summoned the States-General.

Question 10. What was the States-General?
Answer: The States-General was the representative assembly in France.

Question 11. After how many years the States-General was called by Louis XVI?
Answer: After 175 years the States-General was- called by Louis XVI.

Key VSAQs on the French Revolution for Class 9

Question 12. What do you mean by clergy?
Answer: Clergy means a group of persons invested with special responsibilities in the church.

Question 13. What is an absolute monarch?
Answer: The monarch who rules with absolute power is an absolute monarch.

Question 14. What is a constitutional monarch?
Answer: A monarch whose power is limited by the laws provided in the constitution is a constitutional monarch.

French Revolution Class 9 Question Answers

Question 15. What is the meaning of the Divine Right of Kingship?
Answer: Divine Right of Kingship means the king regards himself as a representative of God on earth.

Question 16. Who were the Royalists?
Answer: The supporters of the king were called Royalists.

Question 17. Who was Marie Antoinette?
Answer: Marie Antoinette was the Queen of Louis XVI.

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Question 18. In which two wars France was involved in the 18th century?
Answer: France was involved in two wars in the 18th century Seven Years’ War (1756-63) and the American War of Independence (1775-83).

Question 19. Where was the palace of King Louis XVI?
Answer: The palace of King Louis XVI was at Versailles.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 20. In which war France was defeated?
Answer: France was defeated in the war of Austrian succession.

Question 21. In which year Louis XVI ascended the throne of France?
Answer: Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in 1774.

Question 22. Where was the session of the States-General summoned?
Answer: The Session of the States-General was summoned in Versailles.

Question 23. Why was Turgot appointed by Louis XVI?
Answer: Turgot was appointed as the Finance Minister to improve the economic condition of France.

Question 24. What did Necker propose as a finance minister?
Answer: Necker, as the finance minister, proposed equal taxation on all classes to fill the treasury.

Understanding Major Events of the French Revolution for VSAQs

Question 25. Who said, “The state, it is me”?
Answer: Louis XIV, the French king, said “The state, it is me”.

Question 26. “France was a museum of economic errors”- Who said this?
Answer: Adam Smith said, “France was a museum of economic errors”.

Question 27. What was Gabella?
Answer: ‘Gabella’ was a salt tax collected from the peasants of France.

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Question 28. What was ‘Aides’?
Answer: ‘Aides’ were taxes on wine, tobacco, etc realized by the peasants of France.

Question 29. What do you mean by ‘Corvee’?
Answer: In the ‘ancient regime’ in France the peasants had to work for the reconstruction of roads without any payment which was known as ‘Corvee’.

Question 30. Who was the author of the book ‘The French Revolution’?
Answer: Thomas Carlyle was the author of the book ‘The French Revolution’.

Question 31. Which estate in France was exempted from paying taxes in 18th century France?
Answer: The nobles and the clergy were exempted from paying taxes in 18th-century France.

Question 32. Which estate paid the most taxes?
Answer: The Third Estate paid the most taxes. 33 What was ‘capitation’?

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Very Short Answer Questions

Question 33. Name two philosophers of the French Revolution.
Answer: Two philosophers of the French Revolution were Rousseau and Montesquieu.

Question 34. Who were the physiocrats?
Answer: The physiocrats were economists who demanded free trade, free enterprise, and privatization of industry and trade.

Question 35. Who was the leader of the physiocrats of France?
Answer: Francois Quesnay was the leader of the physiocrats of France.

Step-by-Step Guide to Answering French Revolution VSAQs

Question 36. What were the three ideals of the French Revolution?
Answer: The three ideals of the French Revolution were Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

Question 37. Who remarked, “Man is born free, but everywhere is bound by chains”?
Answer: Jean Jacques Rousseau remarked, “Man is born free, but everywhere is bound by chains.”

Class 9 History WBBSE

Question 38. Who was Quesnay?
Answer: Quesnay was the spokesman for the doctrine of Laissez-faire and the removal of state control on the industry.

Question 39. Who was the author of the book “The Spirit of Laws”?
Answer: The author of the book “The Spirit of Laws”. was Montesquieu.

Question 40. Who preached the doctrine of Separation of Powers?
Answer: Montesquieu preached the doctrine of Separation of Powers.

Question 41. What are the three organs of government?
Answer: The three organs of government are the legislative, executive, and judiciary.

Question 42. What does Laissez-faire mean?
Answer: Laissez-faire means that government does not interfere with trade and the economy and decisions are left for a private individual to take.

Question 43. What do you mean by separation of powers?
Answer: Separation of powers means the three. branches of government, i.e., the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary are kept separate so that power is not concentrated in one branch.

Class 9 History WBBSE

Question 44. Name two encyclopaedists of France.
Answer: Two encyclopaedists of France were Denis Diderot and D’ D’Alembert.

Question 45. Who spoke in favor of free trade (laissez-faire)?
Answer: Economist Adam Smith in his book ‘The Wealth of Nations’ spoke in favor of free trade (laissez-faire).

Question 46. Who was the author of the book ‘The Wealth of Nations’?
Answer: Adam Smith was the author of the book. ‘The Wealth of Nations’.

Practice VSAQs for Class 9 History: French Revolution

Question 47. What do you mean by Lettre de Cachet?
Answer: Prior to the French Revolution any person could be arrested and confined without trial by virtue of a royal warrant of arrest called Lettre de Cachet.

Question 48. Who were the Intendants?
Answer: The government officers of France who served as agents of the king in provinces were known as Intendants.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 49. What was the Contract of Poissey?
Answer: The church of France paid a voluntary tax to the government by the Contract of Posey.

Question 50. When did food riots by the sans-culottes start in France?
Answer: Food riots by the sans-culottes started in France in 1787.

Question 51. Who belonged to the First Estate in the French society?
Answer: The clergy belonged to the First Estate in the French Society.

Question 52. Who belonged to the privileged class in the French society?
Answer: In the French society the clergy and the nobility belonged to the privileged class.

Question 53. What was The Council of Notables?
Answer: The Council of Notables was a body, the members of which were nominated by the king himself and convened by the king on extraordinary occasions to consult on matters of government.

Question 54. Into how many classes of clergymen were divided in France?
Answer: Clergymen were divided into two classes in France [1] the upper clergy and [2] the lower clergy.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Very Short Answer Questions

Question 55. What was Bastille?
Answer: Bastille was the fortress prison in the city of Paris, the capital of France.

Question 56. When was the Bastille attacked? Or, What was the date of the fall of the Bastille?
Answer: The Bastille was attacked on 14 July 1789.

Question 57. Why was the Bastille hated by the people of France?
Answer: The Bastille was hated by the people of France because it stood for the despotic power of the monarch and also symbolized the oppression of the people by the autocratic French kings.

Question 58. What was the ‘Paris Commune’?
Answer: After the fall of the Bastille, Paris went out of royal control. Paris Commune consisting of elected representatives began to conduct the administration of the city of Paris.

Question 59. What were the ‘assignats’?
Answer: The Constituent Assembly confiscated all properties of the church and keeping those as security, issued a kind of paper note called ‘assignats’.

Question 60. Who was the founder of the Patriotic Party?
Answer: The founder of the Patriotic Party was Abbe Sieyes.

Question 61. What do you mean by the Civil List introduced by the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: The Civil List was introduced by the Constituent Assembly to determine the royal expenditure which could not exceed the amount allotted in the list.

Question 62. Name two leaders of the Jacobin Party.
Answer: Two leaders of the Jacobin Party were Robespierre and Danton.

Key Themes in the French Revolution for VSAQs

Question 63. What was the law enforced by the Revolutionary Tribunal?
Answer: The law enforced by the Revolutionary Tribunal was the ‘Law of Suspects’.

Question 64. Name the countries that formed the first coalition against France.
Answer: The countries that formed the first coalition against France were Austria, Prussia, Britain, and Holland.

Question 65. Which countries made the Declaration of Pilnitz and when?
Answer: Austria and Russia made the Declaration of Pilnitz in 1791.

Question 66. What was the new system of administration introduced by the National Convention?
Answer: The new system of administration introduced by the National Convention was the Directory.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 67. When did Napoleon become the First Consul?
Answer: Napoleon became the First Consul in 1799.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 68. After this incident, Louis XVI agreed to call a meeting of the States-General.
Answer: After the aristocratic revolt in 1788 Louis XVI agreed to call the meeting of the States-General.

Question 69. Which day is celebrated as the National Day in France at present?
Answer: 14 July is celebrated as the National Day in France at present.

Question 70. Name two political parties of France during the French Revolution.
Answer: Two political parties in France during the French Revolution were the Girondist and the Jacobin.

Question 71. What was the ‘Great Fear’?
Answer: The ‘Great Fear’ was the rumor that criminals, brigands, etc. were being sent against the peasantry to avenge the defeat of the nobility in the States-General.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 72. What was the period of the Reign of Terror in France?
Answer: The period of the Reign of Terror in France was from 2 June 1793 to 27 July 1794.

Question 73. Name two leaders of the Reign of Terror in France.
Answer: Two leaders during the Reign of Terror in. France was Danton and Robespierre.

Question 74. Who was Robespierre?
Answer: Robespierre was a leader of the Reign of Terror in France.

Question 75. To which political party did Robespierre belong?
Answer: Robespierre belonged to the Jacobin party in France.

Question 76. In which year was King Louis XVI guillotined?
Answer: King Louis XVI was guillotined on January 21, 1793.

Examples of Very Short Answer Questions on French Revolution

Question 77. Which incident marked the end of the Reign of Terror in France?
Answer: The death of Robespierre, the leader of the Reign of Terror, marked the end of the Reign of Terror in France.

Question 78. Which ruler of India was a member of the Jacobin Club?
Answer: Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, was a member of the Jacobin Club.

Question 79. What was the Revolutionary Tribunal?
Answer: The Revolutionary Tribunal was set up in France which was responsible for the trial of traitors and counter-revolutionaries.

Question 80. What was the Committee of Public Safety?
Answer: During the Reign of Terror in France the Committee of Public Safety was set up which had the highest power to adopt any measure in the interest of the nation.

Question 81. Who was the leader of the ‘Red Terror’ in France?
Answer: The leader of the ‘Red Terror’ in France was Robespierre.

Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9

Question 82. What was the ‘Law of Suspect’?
Answer: During the Reign of Terror in France the ‘Law of Suspect’ was applied very widely and all persons suspected of anti-revolutionary ideas or acts were hauled up before the Revolutionary Tribunal which could sentence anyone to death on mere. suspicion.

Question 83. Who was Olympe de Gouges?
Answer: Olympe de Gouges was one of the most politically active women of the revolutionary period in France.

Question 84. Who was the Duke of Brunswick?
Answer: The Duke of Brunswick was the general appointed by the Austro-Prussian government.

WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What was the nature of monarchy in France before the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer: Nature Of Monarchy In France Before The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-

Despotic monarchy prevailed in France before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. The French monarch believed in the divine right of kingship and regarded himself to be the representative of God on earth. He did not consider himself responsible to anybody for his actions and ruled wilfully. His word was the law of the country.

Question 2. Who was Turgot?
Answer: Turgot:-

Turgot was appointed by Louis XVI to the post of Finance Minister to improve the economic condition of France. He wanted to minimize state expenses and chalked out a detailed program to improve the economic condition of France. He also intended to impose taxes on the priests and the nobles who were Some Aspects of the French Revolution exempted from all sorts of taxes. He was. opposed by the queen and the nobles and was removed from his office.

WBBSE Class 9 French Revolution Short Answer Questions

Question 3. Who was Necker?
Answer: Necker:-

Necker was the second finance minister appointed by Louis XVI to improve the economic condition of France. At that time due to the participation of France in the American War of Independence, the treasury of France became empty.

Necker proposed equal taxation on all classes to fill the treasury. Queen Antoinette criticized him as a miser and the king removed him from his office due to the excessive influence of the queen.

Question 4. Who was Calonne?
Answer: Calonne:-

Calonne was appointed by Louis XVI to the office of Finance Minister after Necker was removed. Calonne did not wish to displease the king’s family.

So he took huge loans to compensate for the deficit of the royal treasury. Soon he realized that the government could not work based on his policy and so he called a meeting of the Assembly of Notables and the king accepted his proposal.

Question 5. Who was Brienne?
Answer: Brienne:-

Louis XVI, the king of France, appointed Brienne as his Finance Minister. He did not succeed in solving the economic problems in France. He proposed some new taxes which were opposed by the Parliament of Paris.

Question 6. Why was the treasury of France empty when Louis XVI ascended the throne of France?
Answer:

The Treasury Of France Empty When Louis XVI Ascended The Throne Of France:-

Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Along with this was the constant cost of maintaining an extravagant court at Versailles. So, the treasury of France was almost empty when Louis XVI ascended the throne of France.

Question 7.  How did the American War of Independence affect France’s debt situation?
Answer: The French government supported the thirteen colonies of America in their war of independence against Great Britain. This added more than one billion livres (units of currency in France) to the national debt increasing to more than two billion lives with interest.

Question 8.  What is ‘Assembly of Notables’?
Answer:

‘Assembly Of Notables’:-

The Assembly of Notables was the assembly of the nobles, priests, and magistrates who were appointed by the king himself. The Assembly lacked the representation of the general public because all the members were appointed by the king.

Question 9.  What was the ‘States-General’?
Answer:

‘States-General’:-

The ”States-General’ was a political and legislative body to which the three estates of French society sent their representatives. In France during the Old Regime, the king did not have the power to impose taxes. Rather, he had to call a meeting of the States-General to pass the proposals for new taxes

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WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution

Question 10. Who was Rousseau?
Answer: Rousseau was a French philosopher who through his works prepared the intellectual ground for the outbreak of the French Revolution. He was the author of the book.

‘Social Contract’ where he proposed a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives and emphasized that a king, instead of regarding himself as an absolute monarch, should consider himself a servant of humanity and should serve them, heart and soul.

Key SAQs on the French Revolution for Class 9

Question 11. Who was Montesquieu?
Answer: Montesquieu was a great French philosopher. He was the author of the famous book ‘The Spirit of the Laws’. In this book, he proposed a division of power between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. In his book ‘The Persian Letter he criticized the aristocracy, the monarchy, and the French social system.

 

 

Question 12. Who were the physiocrats?
Answer: The physiocrats were the economic thinkers of France who strongly criticized the mercantile doctrine and advocated free trade, privatization of industry, and trade.

Question 13. Who was John Locke?
Answer: John Locke was a popular and progressive English philosopher. His writings fuelled the thought of revolution against the existing monarchical system among the French people. He refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch in his book ‘Two Treatises of Government’.

Question 14. What were the three estates in French society?
Answer: Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three estates-

1. There were the clergy holding the first estate.
2. The second estate comprised the French aristocracy and landlord.
3. The rest of the Frenchmen were grouped in the third estate.

Understanding Major Events of the French Revolution

Question 15. What was the third estate in French society?
Answer: The third estate in France was divided into several sub-groups. The upper bourgeoisie comprised of financiers, businessmen, etc. The lower bourgeoise comprised lawyers, teachers, salaried classes, and shopkeepers. In the third estate, there were also peasants, sans-culottes, millhands, and daily wage earners.

Question 16. What is the divine right of kings?
Answer: The divine right of kings was a political and religious doctrine. It meant that a king was given the right to rule by God alone. His authority could not be questioned by anybody because he ruled in the name of God. It gave a king full power over his subjects.

Question 17. Why were the Intendants compared to ‘ravenous wolves’?
Answer: The intendants were the government officers of France. They were known for their selfish and corrupt nature. These officials badly tortured the people for collecting taxes, the larger part of which was misappropriated by them. This is why they were compared to ‘ravenous wolves.

Question 18. What was the social composition of the sans-culottes?
Answer: The sans-culottes were the economically disadvantaged groups, who mostly inhabited the urban areas of France. The urban proletariats, the wage earners, millhands, the roofless downspouts of the society, and the daily workers formed that section.

Question 19. Which class in French society was known as the “bourgeoisie’?
Answer: In France, by the eighteenth century, a new social class known as the ‘bourgeoisie’ or the middle class emerged. The doctors, writers, professors, big businessmen, lawyers, peasants, shopkeepers, and workers formed this class. They challenged the supremacy and special privilege of the aristocrats.

Question 20. What was the ‘Aristocratic Revolt’?
Answer: The French Revolution began with the revolt of the aristocracy. The tax burden on the peasantry was already very high, the only method of increasing government income was to take away from the aristocracy the privilege of not paying any tax. This was opposed by the aristocrats and the ‘Aristocratic Revolt’ broke out.

Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution

Question 21. What was the significance of the fall of the Bastille?

Significance Of The Fall Of The Bastille

1. The fall of the Bastille (14 July 1789) proved that the king had no longer any control over Paris, the capital.
2. The attack and destruction of the Bastille was a moral victory for the people of France over the autocratic monarchy.
3. It was a victory of liberal values over the absolute monarchy.
4. It created an atmosphere of horror and terror among the absolute monarchs of Europe.

Question 22. Differentiate between Active and Passive Citizens of France.
Answer:

Differentiate Between Active And Passive Citizens Of France:-

The Constituent Assembly divided the citizens of France into two categories-active and passive.
Men who were above 25 years of age and who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a laborer’s wage were given the status of active citizens and they had the right to vote. The remaining men and women of France who could not fulfill the above criteria and did not have the right to cast their vote were called passive citizens.

Question 23. Which estate of the French society gained from the constitution of 1791? Which estates were dissatisfied and why?
Answer: Members of the third estate of French society gained from the Constitution of 1791. Members of the First and Second Estate were dissatisfied because their privileges were abolished and instead they had to pay taxes in proportion to their means

Step-by-Step Guide to Answering French Revolution SAQs

Question 24. What do you mean by ‘Cahiers’?
Answer:

‘Cahiers’:-

All the delegates who came from different parts of France to attend the session of the States-General in the grand hall of the Royal Palace of Versailles on 5 May 1789 brought with them complaints, memorandums, and demands of their respective areas. These were known as ‘Cahiers’.

Question 25. What were the different political parties in the National Convention?
Answer:

The four different political parties in the National Convention were:

1. The Constitutionalists,
2. The Girondins,
3. The Jacobins and
4. The Moderates.

Question 26. Which incident is known as the ‘Second French Revolution’?
Answer: ‘Second French Revolution’:-

On the morning of 10 August 1792, the members of the Jacobin Club stormed the Palace of Tuileries, massacred the king’s guards, and held the king hostage for several hours. Later, they voted to imprison the king’s family. Dethronement of the king virtually made. France a ‘Republic’. Historians have called this incident of 10 August 1792 the ‘Second French Revolution’.

Question 27. Who were the members of the Jacobin Club?
Answer: Members Of The Jacobin Club:-

The members of the Jacobin Club were from poor classes. They included small shopkeepers, artisans like shoemakers, watchmakers, pastry cooks, and daily wage earners.

Question 28. Why were the Jacobins so named?
Answer: Jacobins So Named Because:- The members of the old Breton Club used to hold their meetings in the church named ‘Jacob’. That is why the members of this club came to be known as the Jacobins.

Question 29. Who were the Girondins?
Answer: Girondins:- The Girondins, one of the four political parties in the National Convention, played a prominent role in the French Revolution. The significant leaders of the party were Brissot, Condorcet, Petion, and Madam Roland and their chief aim was to establish a republican form of government in France. Though they were staunch revolutionaries, they did not support violence, lawlessness, and anarchy.

Question 30. Describe the incident of the storming of the Palace of Tuileries.
Answer:

Incident Of The Storming Of The Palace Of Tuileries:-

On the morning of 10 August 1792, the members of the Jacobin Club stormed the Palace of Tuileries, massacred the king’s guards, and held the king hostage for several hours. Later, they voted to imprison the king’s family.

Question 31. Why was the Reign of Terror introduced?
Answer: Reign Of Terror Introduced:-

On 21 January 1793 when King Louis XVI of France was executed, there were outbursts of rebellion from the king’s supporters. Besides, monarchical countries such as Britain, Holland, Prussia, and Austria formed a coalition and declared war against the republican government of France.

The National Convention tried to protect the country from internal threats and external aggression by setting up an emergency government and following a strategy of terror where all opposition was ruthlessly suppressed. This period from June 2, 1793, to July 27, 1794, is called the Reign of Terror.

Question 32. What were the three instruments through which the Reign of Terror was made effective?
Answer: The three instruments through which the Reign of Terror was made effective were:

1. The Committee of Public Safety.
2. The revolutionary Tribunal and
3. The Law of Suspects.

Practice SAQs for Class 9 History: French Revolution

Question 33. What was the Committee of Public Safety?
Answer:

Committee Of Public Safety:- The Committee of Public Safety was one of the instruments of the Reign of Terror. The Committee was given the responsibility of appointing important ministers and high-ranking officers of the armed forces. Two further committees-the Committee of General Security and the Revolutionary Tribunal were formed within this committee for its better functioning.

Question 34. What is the ‘Thermidorian Reaction’?
Answer: ‘Thermidorian Reaction’:-

The reaction which took place in France after the death of Robespierre, the leader of the Reign of Terror, is known as the ‘Thermidorian Reaction’. By this time the terrorists were put to death and the Reign of Terror and Paris Commune were dissolved. All the subordinate machinery of the Reign of Terror was abolished.

The prisoners whose guilt was in doubt were released and the National Guards was reorganized. All this stemmed from the reaction of the middle class.

Question 35. What was Tipu Sultan’s relation with the one with the Jacobin club?
Answer: Tipu Sultan’s Relation With The On With The Jacobin Club:-

The Jacobin Club, the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution, had an Indian ruler, Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, among its associates. He was the founder-member of the Jacobin club in India.

He actively supported the proposal of the French soldiers at Seringapatam to set up a Jacobin club in 1797 and when it was established, he ordered a salute of 2300 cannons and 500 rockets to celebrate the occasion.

Question 36. What was the Brunswick Manifesto?
Answer: Brunswick Manifesto:-

King Louis XVI tried to restore the monarchy in France with foreign help. When the Parisian mob attacked the Tuileries Palace and humiliated the king, the king tried to flee to the Duke of Brunswick, the general appointed by Austria along with his wife. In August 1792, the Austro-Prussian government issued a manifesto and warned France that any injury or insult to any member of the royal family would be severely dealt with. This is known as the Brunswick Manifesto.

Question 37. What was the Directory? Why was it dismissed?
Answer: Directory:-

After the fall of the Jacobins, a new Constitution was formed which denied the right to vote to citizens without property. It provided two Legislative Councils which appointed a Directory with five members. However, the Directors often clashed with the Legislative Councils and were finally dismissed. Political instability resulted which led to the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte.

Key Themes in the French Revolution for SAQs

Question 38. What laws were made to improve the status of women in French society?
Answer: The revolutionary government in France introduced some laws to improve the lives of women in France.

1. Schooling was made compulsory for all girls.
2. Women could be trained for jobs, could run small businesses, or become artists.
3. Fathers could no longer force their daughters to marry against their will.
4. Divorce was made legal and could be applied for by both men and women.

Question 39. Who was the king and queen of France when the French Revolution broke out?
Answer: When the French Revolution broke out the king of France was Louis XVI and the queen was Marie Antoinette.

Question 40. What is the guillotine?
Answer: Guillotine:- The guillotine is a device for beheading a person, widely used during the French Revolution. It was invented by Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin. With the help of this machine, many people were beheaded during the Reign of Terror.

Question 41. How were the passive citizens deprived of their voting rights?
Answer: Passive Citizens Deprived Of Their Voting Rights:-

The Constituent Assembly divided the citizens into two categories-Active and Passive. The Active citizens who held property above a certain prescribed limit got the right to elect their representative but the passive citizens were deprived of their voting rights.

Question 42. Mention two liberal measures that were undertaken during the Reign of Terror.
Answer: Liberal Measures Were Undertaken During The Reign Of Terror:-

Two liberal measures undertaken during the Reign of Terror were:

1. The tax rate was enhanced for the moneyed class but reduced in the case of the middle class
2. The minimum wages of laborers were fixed so that they might not be exploited.

Examples of Short Answer Questions from the French Revolution

Question 43. How did feudalism come to an end in France?
Answer: Feudalism Come To An End In France:- Due to rural unrest, on August 4, 1789, the nobility and the clergy voluntarily renounced the privileges enjoyed by them for a long time. With this feudalism came to an end in France. The National Constituent Assembly announced, “The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely”.

Question 44. How did the Constitution of 1791 collapse?
Answer: Constitution Of 1791 Collapse:-

The Jacobins successfully organized a revolt against the king and queen of France who took shelter in the nearby Assembly for fear of their life. The Jacobins forced the Assembly to suspend the monarchy. The king was imprisoned and the constitution of 1791 collapsed.

Question 25. Mention the importance of the Reign of Terror.
Answer: Importance Of The Reign Of Terror:

1. The Reign of Terror was necessary to suppress the rebellion of the royalists.
2. During the Reign of Terror, the French government was successful in conducting foreign affairs.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Analytical Answer Questions

Question 1. When did the Nihilist movement break out in Russia? What did the Nihilists believe in?
Answer: The Nihilist movement broke out in Russia during the reign of Czar Alexander II (1855-81).

They believed in:

1. Destruction of the Old Order and to create a vacuum so that only then, a new civilisation could grow.
2. Freedom of thought and action is the starting point of liberty.
3. The war against the Czardom, the orthodox church, feudalism, the aristocracy, and the existing values of society.
4. New ethics, a new social code and a morality of revolution to break the. Old Order and creating a happier and better world.

Read and Learn Also WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 History

Question 2. Name some repressive measures introduced by Czar Alexander II.
Answer: Czar Alexander III of Russia introduced the following repressive measures:

1. Russification of minorities.
2. The administration of the Mirs or village communities were put under the control of the landed proprietors who were appointed by the Central Government.
3. Censorship was imposed upon all kinds of publications. Even private correspondence could be interfered with.
4. Restrictions were imposed on associations and meetings.
5. The state tried to control the curriculum and teaching staff of the universities.
6. Political offenders were liable to be exiled to Siberia or imprisoned in Russia.

Question 3. Describe the social condition of Russia on the eve of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Answer: Social Condition Of Russia On The Eve Of The Russian Revolution Of 1917:-

The social condition of Russia in 1917 on the eve of the Russian Revolution was the same as it was before the outbreak of the French Revolution. The society of Russia was divided into two divisions.

The Haves: The ‘Haves’ were those people who were very rich. They fully supported the autocratic Czar. All the administrative posts were occupied by them. They possessed the whole land of the country.

The Have-nots: The ‘Have-nots’ were the farmers and labourers. Their economy was treated by the rich. Though the slave system condition was deplorable. They were badly abolished in Russia, they did not bring any basic change in the condition of the poor. The poor decision to make a thorough change in the social condition of the country.

Question 4. What do you know about ‘Bloody Sunday’? Or, Who was Father Gapon?
Answer:

In 1905, on 9 January Sunday about 6000 industrial workers under the leadership of Gapon assembled in front of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg to present a petition to Czar Nicholas II.

Key Events of the Twentieth Century for Class 9

The demands of the workers were:

1. Release of the political prisoners.
2. Summoning of a representative assembly.
3. Eight hours of work a day for the workers.

The peaceful assembly was headed by Father Gapon, a priest who was in reality a secret police agent. Nicholas II ordered his troops to open fire on the workers. The firing caused the death of about one thousand workers and more than 2000 were injured. This incident is known in history as the ‘Bloody Sunday’ as January 9 (1905) was a Sunday.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century

Question 5. What was the impact of the Bolshevik Revolution on Europe and the world?
Answer: Impact Of The Bolshevik Revolution On Europe And The World:-

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was primarily aimed at the reconstruction of the Russian government and society according to the ideals of socialism. It was both a political and an economic revolution.

The motive behind the revolution was the establishment of proletarian rule all over the world. The Bolshevik attempts to bring about a global socialist revolution through the Third International formed in 1919 failed.

But as years went by the ideal of a socialist government became popular. As a result, several states in North, Central and Eastern Europe like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany set up communist governments.

Outside Europe, the most successful country with a communist regime is provided by the People’s Republic of China. Cuba in South America is another country that is a communist state.

Question 6. What were the causes of the victory of the Allied Powers in the First World War?
Answer: The First World War ended in 1918 with the victory of the Allied Powers and the defeat of the Central Powers.

Impact of World Wars on Europe Notes

The causes of the victory of the Allied Powers are discussed below:

1. The Allied Powers had greater manpower and resources than Germany.
2. The entry of the USA into the war turned the tide in favour of the Allied Powers.
3. The Allied Powers had greater manpower than Germany.
4. The democratic countries like England, and  France got the support of the people than an autocratic country like Germany.
5. The Allies by opening two fronts in the war forced Germany to meet the challenge from two sides. Germany could not continue the war because Germany had neither the war equipment nor financial resources to continue the war for long on two frontiers.
6. One important reason for the victory of the Allied Powers was their superiority in naval strength compared to Germany and its associates.

Question 7. Was the Treaty of Versailles (1919) based on Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’?
Answer: With the surrender of Germany in 1918, the First World War came to an end. As an answer to all European problems, the President of the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson came up with a peace proposal known as the Fourteen Points.

The Fourteen Points of Wilson did not receive much importance at the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty of Versailles made between the victorious powers and Germany was not purely based on the Fourteen Points.

Throughout the Paris Peace Conference, there was a conflict between Wilson’s idealism and nationalist realism. The Fourteen Points of Wilson was given only lip service. Wilson had to make a compromise between Clemenceau’s practicalism and Lloyd George’s opportunism. The Fourteen Points did not provide for any partition of German territory. However, the Versailles Treaty partitioned Germany.

Question 8. What were the economic clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer: In the First World War (1914-1918) Germany was defeated and the Treaty of Versailles was imposed upon Germany in 1919.

The economic clauses of the Treaty were:

1. Germany was guilty of war and had to pay $ 6600 million in reparations partly in cash, partly in kind and in services.
2. Germany had to surrender Alsace and Lorraine to France for fifteen years after which the fate of the region was to be settled by a plebiscite.
3. Germany lost all its colonies in Africa and the Pacific.
4. Rivers of Germany-Elba, the Rhine, the Danube, etc. will remain under international control.
5. It became obligatory for Germany to supply a special quality of coal, timber, rubber, iron ore and other minerals to Italy, France, Belgium and Luxemburg.

Important Questions from Chapter 5 on European History

Question 9. Justify the Treaty of Versailles (1919).
Answer: The Treaty of Versailles (1919) imposed on Germany by the victorious Allied Powers has been justified on the following grounds:

1. According to the principles laid down by President Wilson the League of Nations was established with the avowed aim to establish permanent peace and order in the world.
2. When the frontier areas of Germany were partitioned the principal and integral part of Germany was kept united under a sovereign government.
3. The colonies of Germany were divided among the Allies based on the Mandate system.
4. Germany was not asked to pay the whole expenses of the war. She was asked to pay only the damages suffered by the civilian population of the Allied countries due to German aggression.
5. According to the principle of nationalism and self-determination, many new states were created, viz., Poland, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania etc. It was for the first time, that the principle of nationalism was enforced on a large scale. As a result of this, only three per cent people of the total population of Europe remained under the yoke of the foreigners.

Class 9 History Europe In The Twentieth Century WBBSE

Question 10. With what aims were the League of Nations founded?
Answer: After the First World War (1914-18), an international organisation known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 with the following aims in view:

1. To prevent armed conflict and to promote international peace and cooperation
2. To establish honourable and just relations among different nations.
3. To implement the provisions of the treaties registered at the Paris Peace Conference.
4. To promote international disarmament to reduce tension and to find out ways and means for peaceful settlement of international disputes.
5. To protect the weaker section of humanity especially women and children.
6. To promote just treatment to the working class and
7. To promote the health of mankind.

Question 11. Briefly describe the causes of the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer: After the First World War (1914-18) an international organisation, known as the League of Nations, which was formed to promote international cooperation and peace failed due to various reasons:

1. The League was never able to make itself truly ‘representative of the entire world’. Countries like the USA, Russia, Germany, Japan and Italy were not members of the League at different stages and no international organisation can be successful if some of the Great Powers remain outside its orbit.
2. Mere protests could not check the aggressive policy of the members of the League. Effective economic and military sanctions were necessary but military sanctions were left to the discretion of the members. Without military punishment, the aggressor could not be checked.
3. The League had no army, navy or airforce of its own nor was it in a position to apply economic sanctions without the cooperation of the great powers. But the great powers looked after their interests instead of fulfilling their obligations to the is was the League of League.
4. The rise of dictatorship in different countries in the third decade of the 20th century frustrated the peace-making efforts of the League.

Nationalism and Imperialism in the 20th Century

Question 12. Describe the problems faced by the Weimer Republic.
Answer: The problems faced by the Weimer Republic were the following:

1. The infant Weimer Republic was forced to pay for the sins of the old empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation.
2. There was an economic crisis in 1923. Prices of goods soared high.
3. There was a revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
4. The infant Weimer Republic was fragile.
5. System of proportionate representation and Article 48 gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree. The Weimer Republic saw twenty different cabinets lasting an average of 239 days and a liberal use of Article 48.

Question 13. What was the effect of the Great Germany her export trade and production Depression of 1929 on Germany?
Answer: Effect Of Great Germany Her Export Trade And Production Depression Of 1929 On Germany:

The Great Depression of 1929 had a profound effect on Germany. The German economy was the worst hit by the Great Depression. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40% of the 1929 level. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. The number of unemployed people touched an unprecedented 6 million.

On the roads of Germany, men could be seen with placards around their necks saying, ‘Willing to do any work’. An unemployed young man played cards or simply sat at street corners or desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. As the young men had no jobs, they took to criminal activities.

Question 14. How was the Great Depression of 1929 responsible for the rise of Nazism?
Answer:

Great Depression Of 1929 Responsible For The Rise Of Nazism:-

The Great Depression of 1929 was to a large extent responsible for the rise of Nazism. The German government faced economic problems like mass unemployment and inflation. The American investors recalled their short-term loans from Germany. One of Germany’s joint stock banks collapsed in 1931. When America withdrew her loans declined considerably. The number of unemployed people rose. In Germany, the jobless numbered 6 million.

Faced with economic crises the Germans lost their faith in the Republican Government. Within six years the working class and the middle class were ruined due to economic crash. The Nazis promised to nationalize the big businesses, provide employment for all workers and implement land reform for peasants. It is not surprising that the people turned to Nazism for a remedy.

Practice Questions for Class 9 History: Europe in the 20th Century

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WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Notes	WBBSE Class 9 History Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Long Answer Questions
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography And Environment	WBBSE Class 9 History Long Answer Questions	WBBSE Class 9 Life Science Multiple Choice Questions
WBBSE Class 9 Geography And Environment Multiple Choice Questions	WBBSE Class 9 History Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Maths
WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 History	WBBSE Class 9 History Very Short Answer Questions	WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Science and Environment

 

Question 15. Briefly describe the reasons for the rise in professions that were important features of Nazi of the Nazis power.
Answer: The reasons for the rise of the Nazis were” as follows:

1. In the First World War (1914-18) Germany was defeated and the humiliating Treaty of Versailles was imposed upon Germany in 1919 the rise of Nazis is traced to the severity of the terms imposed upon Germany by this shameful Treaty of Versailles.
2. The heavy burden of compensation imposed upon Germany brought in a host of evils like unemployment, price rise and taxation.
3. Democracy in Germany remained as weak as it could be and the suffering of the people knew no bounds. Hitler cleverly exploited the discontent of his countrymen and his theory of the superiority of the German race restored confidence in the people.
4. His oratory, uniform (Brown Shirt of the Nazi members), the swastika flag, and use of violence- all together appealed to many classes of the German people.
5. The Nazis provided an outlet for the military leanings of the German youths. The German minds reacted favourably to dictatorial movements. ‘Throughout their history, the Germans have been wont to submit to the authority of one individual.’
6. Moreover, due to the fear of a communist revolution, the opponents of communism supported the Nazis and it was under these circumstances that Nazism gained ground on German soil.

Question 16. What were the main features of the Nazi police force named ‘Gestapo’ was organised thinking the main features?
Answer: The main features of Nazi thinking were as follows:

1. It wanted to restore the dignity of Germany.
2. It was opposed to both democracy and communism.
3. It aimed at the expansion of the German empire under the slogan, one person, one empire and one leader.
4. It was in favour of the superiority of the Aryan race.
5. The state is above all.
6. Depriving non-Aryans from rights of citizenship and professions was an important feature of Nazi thinking.

Study Guide for Class 9 History: Europe in the Twentieth Century

Question 17. What agencies did Hitler use to suppress all opponents and create total Nazi domination?
Answer:

Hitler used different agencies to dominate.

1. Hitler formed a para-military to suppress all opponents and create a total Nazi force with unemployed youths known as ‘Storm Troopers’ who manhandled opposition leaders and disturbed the meetings convened by the opposition parties.
2. He also organised the ‘Youth Brigade’ and ‘Girl Brigade’ who constantly shouted ‘Heil Hitler’ and silenced all criticism against him.
3. A secret police force named ‘Gestapo’ was organised the main function of which was to arrest those persons whose activities were found doubtful and against the principles of Nazism.
4. He imposed several restrictions upon the press, speech and parliamentary discussions.

Question 18. Why did Fascism rise in Italy?
Answer: Fascism Rise In Italy As Follows:-

1. From the First World War (1914-18) Italy emerged with very little gains and there was a general feeling among the Italians that they had not been fairly treated in the Paris Peace Conference (1919).
2. The situation in Italy became very serious when, after the war, prices rose high and poverty and insufficiency stalked the land. Socialist propaganda naturally found eager ears in the ItaliAnswer: Peasant revolts, strikes and labour unrest threatened the government of the day.
3. The parliamentary system in Italy was weak and the ministers found themselves unable to control the section of the situation. In this situation, the Italian middle class formed a party called the Fascist Party under the leadership of Mussolini.
4. They organised themselves in the fashion of an army and adopted a black uniform. In 1922 Mussolini with his followers the ‘Blackshirts’ marched upon Rome, seized the government and established a Fascist government under his control.

Question 19. The democratic system of administration was rooted out by Mussolini.
Answer: Mussolini had no faith in democracy. He hated democracy and according to him, the democratic government was always formed by fools. Under Fascism, the people were expected to obey the orders of their leader. The local self-government bodies were abolished by Mussolini. Severe restrictions were imposed upon the press.

The democratic electoral system was overhauled. Spies were appointed all over the country to supply information. Thus dictatorship of Mussolini was established in Italy and the democratic system of administration was rooted out.

Question 20. What were the measures adopted by Mussolini to crush his opponents?
Answer:  Mussolini adopted some measures to crush his opponents.

He took the following steps:

1. All political parties were banned. The cabinet system was also put to an end.
2. The local administrative bodies were suspended.
3. The police department was given unlimited powers to arrest the opponents. Members of the opposition parties were arrested and put to jail.
4. Education was imparted to the students on Fascism principles.
5. The army was reorganised on new principles.
6. Severe restrictions were imposed on the dress. The publication of many magazines and newspapers was prohibited.

Europe In The Twentieth Century Solutions For Class 9 History WBBSE

Question 21. Give an outline of the historical events in twentieth-century Europe.
Answer: In the early years of the 20th century, the political atmosphere of the European continent was quite tense. Europe was in the throes of a devastating First World War (1914-18). Never before had a war been fought over an area which was nearly as wide as the world. It is one of the deadliest conflicts in history.

The outbreak of the First World War (1914):
The First World War was fought between the Allied Powers comprising Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia and the Central Powers comprising Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Turkey. With the surrender of Germany in 1918, the First World War came to an end.

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points:
As an answer to all European problems the President of America, Woodrow Wilson, came up with peace proposals known as the Fourteen Points. The defeated Germans expected a peace settlement to be based upon the Fourteen Points.

Treaty of Versailles:
The most important of the peace settlements that terminated the First World War was the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty imposed unjust and humiliating terms on defeated Germany. Naturally, Germany continued to nourish grievances about the treaty.

Establishment of League of Nations:
The next major event in 20th-century Europe was the establishment of an international peace organization. That organisation was known as the League of Nations. It was established after the First World War. It aimed to prevent armed conflict and to establish honourable and just relationships among different nations.

Key Figures in 20th Century European History

Establishment of Fascist Party:
The next historical event was the establishment of dictatorial governments in different parts of Europe. After the First World War, the situation in Italy was very serious. Prices soared high and poverty and insufficiency stalked the land. Mussolini established the Fascist Party and became the dictator of Italy.

Establishment of the Nazi Party:
The First World War and the Treaty of Versailles brought in a host of evils like unemployment, price rise and taxation. The Weimar Republic in Germany failed to solve the economic problems. Hitler fully exploited the discontent of his countrymen. He established the Nazi Party and became a dictator.

The outbreak of the Russian Revolution:
Another epoch-making event of the 20th century was the outbreak of the Russian Revolution(1917). Various socio-political, economic and intellectual causes were responsible for the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution had a tremendous impact on the Russian and non-Russian nationalities. It ushered in a great socialist movement and created panic in the capitalist world. The revolution started an era of nationalist struggle against colonial rule.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic A The Russian Revolution True Or False

Question 1. By the October Revolution under Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized the government in the capital St. Petersburg.
Answer: True

Question 2. In 1878, the Narodniks started a violent movement in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 3. The New Economic Policy was declared by Lenin in 1921.
Answer: True

Question 4. The Russian philosopher who prepared Russia mentally for the Russian Revolution was Rousseau.
Answer: False

Question 5. The ‘April Thesis’ was announced by Stalin.
Answer: False

Question 6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a federation of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics.
Answer: True

Question 7. On 7 November 1918, the Bolsheviks captured the Winter Palace.
Answer: False

Question 8. A special secret police called Duma was formed by the Bolsheviks.
Answer: False

Question 9. The mental climate for the outbreak of the Russian Revolution was prepared by philosophers like Montesquieu and Rousseau.
Answer: False

Question 10. The Bolshevik Revolution broke out under the leadership of Stalin.
Answer: False

Question 11. Alexandra, the queen of Czar Nicholas II was enamoured by a fake priest named Rasputin.
Answer: True

Question 12. The Third Section was the secret police introduced by Czar Nicholas I.
Answer: True

Question 13. One important movement which broke out in Russia in the 1870s was the Narodnik movement.
Answer: True

Question 14. In 1905, on a January Sunday about 6000 industrial workers under the leadership of Thiers assembled in front of the Winter Palace.
Answer: False

Question 15. The Nihilist movement broke out during the reign of Czar Alexander I.
Answer: False

Question 16. Father Gapon led the procession of workers to the Winter Palace.
Answer: True

Question 17. Before the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, Russian Society was divided into two classes.
Answer: True

Question 18. The Bible Society was established by Alexander II in 1812.
Answer: False

Question 19. Narodnik Volya was a secret society in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 20. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France.
Answer: True

Question 21. The Treaty of Sevres was concluded in 1919.
Answer: False

Question 22. The Polish corridor was given to Austria for reaching the Baltic Sea.
Answer: False

Question 24. The port of Danzig was snatched away from the possession of Germany.
Answer: True

Question 25. The Treaty of Versailles adhered to the principle of self-determination.
Answer: False

Question 26. The League of Nations was established to establish permanent peace.
Answer: True

Question 27. The republican government in Germany after the fall of the monarchy was set up by Himmler.
Answer: False

Question 28. The three mottos of Fascism were State- worship, leader worship and war-worship.
Answer: True

Question 29. When Hilter invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, the Second World War started.
Answer: True

Question 30. Hilter formed a para-military force with unemployed youths known as the Gestapo.
Answer: False

Question 31. A secret police force named Gestapo was organised by Hitler.
Answer: True

Question 32. Both Nazism and Fascism were in favour of democracy.
Answer: False

Question 33. The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed in 1932.
Answer: True

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. By the October Revolution of 1917, the __________ (Mensheviks/Bolsheviks/Nobility) captured power in Russia.”
Answer: Bolsheviks

Question 2. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Germany and _________ (Britain/Italy/Russia).
Answer: Russia

Question 3. The Red Army was organised by _________ (Stalin/Trotsky/Lenin).
Answer: Trotsky

Question 4. The New Economic Policy of Lenin was a compromise between socialism and __________(capitalism/communism/Nazism).
Answer: capitalism

Question 5. The Revolution of 1905 in Russia broke out during the reign of ____________ (Czar Alexander II/ Nicholas I/Peter the Great).
Answer: Czar Alexander II

Question 6. ‘Pravda’ was the mouthpiece of the __________(Menshevik/Bolshevik/Communist) party.
Answer: Bolshevik

Question 7. The two factions of the Social Democratic Party are Bolsheviks and ___________(Communists/ Mensheviks/Socialists).
Answer: Mensheviks

Question 8. Czar __________ (Alexander 1/Alexander II/ Nicholas ) showed his liberalism by releasing the Dekabrists.
Answer: Alexander II

Question 9. Kaiser William II abdicated the throne in __________ (1916/1917/1918).
Answer: 1918

Question 10. ‘War Communism’ was introduced by _____________ (Trotsky/Lenin/Franco).
Answer: Lenin

Question 11. The ruler of Russia was called __________(Storm Trooper/Czar/Duma).
Answer: Czar

Question 12. The legislature of Russia is known as ___________ (Mir/Pravda/Duma).
Answer: Duma

Question 13. The word ‘Communism’ was first used by _____________ (Nicholas I/Lenin/Karl Marx).
Answer: Karl Marx

Question 14. The author of the novel ‘Mother’ is _________(Lenin/Engles/Maxim Gorky).
Answer: Maxim Gorky

Question 15. The writer of the novel ‘Father and Sons’ was ___________(Maxim Gorky/Lenin/Ivan Turgenev).
Answer: Ivan Turgenev

Question 16. The meaning of the word ‘Narod’ is ________ (Czar/people/monarch).
Answer: people

Question 17. The newspaper ‘Pravda’ was published in the year ________ (1911/1910/1912).
Answer: 1912

Question 18. The leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was _________ (Vladimir Lenin/Kerensky/Karl Marx).
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question 19. The leader of the Mensheviks was (Vladimir Lenin/Trotsky/Julius Martov).
Answer: Julius Martov

Question 20. The New Economic Policy was introduced by ___________(Karl Marx/Vladimir Lenin/ Kerensky).
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question 21. Triple Alliance was formed in the year ___________. (1880/1884/1882).
Answer: 1882

Question 22. The Treaty of Versailles was opposed by _________ (Italy/Spain/Germany).
Answer: Germany

Question 23. The Great Economic Depression of 1929 first started in ______ (Great Britain/America/Germany).
Answer: America

Question 24. _______(Hoover/Woodrow Wilson/Clemenceau) is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
Answer: Woodrow Wilson

Question 25. During the First World War, the Emperor of Germany was________ (Charles X/Kaiser William II/Kaiser William III/Frederick William III).
Answer: Kaiser William II

Question 26. After the First World War, the humiliating treaty which was imposed on Germany was the Treaty of ____________(Brest-Litovsk/ Versailles/Lussane/Sevres).
Answer: Versailles

Question 27. People of the Weimer Republic lost confidence in the democratic _______ (alliance/parliamentary system/values/attitude).
Answer: parliamentary system

Question 28. After the First World War, the new Republican government of Germany was established in _________ (Berlin/Weimer/ Brussels).
Answer: Weimer

Question 29. The Great Depression was a period of____________ (political crisis/economic crisis/religious crisis).
Answer: Economic crisis

Question 30. The Saar Valley was put under an international commission for ______ (13/14/15) years.
Answer: 15

Question 31. The Treaty of St. Germain was signed between the victorious allies and defeated Austria in ______ (1916/1918/1919).
Answer: 1919

Question 32. The Treaty of __________ (Trianon/Neuilly/Versailles) contained the seeds of the Second World War.
Answer: Versailles

Question 33. Morocco is in ___________(Africa/Netherlands/China).
Answer: Africa

Question 34. The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was signed in _________(1932/1933/1934).
Answer: 1932

Question 35. The USA entered the First World War in ___________ (1917/1918/1919).
Answer: 1917

Question 36. Herbert Hoover was the President of __________(Britain/America/France).
Answer: America

Question 37. Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of ___________(Spain/Austria/Herzegovina).
Answer: Austria

Question 38. ___________(Llyod George/Woodrow Wilson/ Gorky) was called the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
Answer: Woodrow Wilson

Question 39. In ________ (1928/1929/1930) the American share market crashed.
Answer: 1929

Question 40. _______(24 October 1929/26 October 1929/ 22 October 1939) is known as the Black Day in the history of the USA.
Answer: 24 October 1929

Question 41. __________(General France/ Mussolini/Hitler) formed the para-military force known as ‘Storm Trooper’.
Answer: Hitler

Question 42. Hitler occupied Rhineland in _________ (1930/1936/1939).
Answer: 1936

Question 43. The Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact was signed in ____________. (1929/1939/1949).
Answer: 1939

Question 44. Hitler considered the Germans to be the master race or __________(Herrenvolk/Lebensraum/Gestapo).
Answer: Herrenvolk

Question 45. In 1922 _____________(Franco/Mussolini/Hitler) captured power in Italy.
Answer: Mussolini

Question 46. Mussolini occupied Ethiopia in ______(1930/ 1934/1936).
Answer: 1936

Question 47. The programme of March to Rome was chalked out by __________(Nazis/Fascists/Communists).
Answer: Fascists

Question 48. General Franco was the dictator of __________(Netherlands/Sardinia/Spain).
Answer: Spain

Question 49. Spanish Civil War took place in _________(1938/ 1937/1939).
Answer: 1939

Question 50.__________(Hitler/Mussolini/General Franco) came out victorious in the Spanish Civil War.
Answer: General Franco

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Match The Columns

1. Column I	Column II
1. General Franco	(A) Germany
2. Lenin	(B) Italy
3. Mussolini	(C) Spain
4.  Hitler	(D) Russia

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

2. Column I	Column II
1. April Thesis	(A) Hitler
2. Woodrow Wilson	(B) M N Roy
3. Mein Kampf	(C) 14 Points
4. Indian Communist Party	(D) Lenin

 

Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-A, 4.-B

3. Column 1	Column II
1. Treaty of Versailles	(A) Allied powers with Hungary
2. Treaty of Trianon	(B) Germany and Russia
3. Treaty of Brest Litovsk	(C) Allied powers with German
4. Treaty of St.Germain	(D) Allied powers with Austria

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-D

4. Column I	Column II
1. Lusitania	(A) German Parliament
2. Ludendroff	(B) Lenin
3. Duma	(C) British Linear
4. April Thesis	(D) German General

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-B

5. Column I	Column II
1. Treaty of Versailles	(A) 1929
2. League of Nations founded	(B) 1919
3. Great Economic Depression	(C) 1918
4. Weimer Republic established	(D) 1920

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C

6. Column 1	Column II
1. Battle of Ypres	(A) Dardanelles
2. Anglo-French naval expedition	(B) Republic proclaimed in Germany
3. Sinking of U-boats	(C) Germany defeated
4. Kaiser fled	(D) USA declared war against Germany

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

7. Column I	Column II
1. Turgenev	(A) Autocrats
2. Russians were defeated	(B) In Russia
3. Feeling of class struggle	(C) Russian philosopher
4. Czar of Russia	(D) Crimean War

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

8. Column I	Column II
1. Germany lost	(A) U-boats
2. Treaty of Trianon	(B) Seeds of World War ll
3. Treaty of Versailles	(C) 1920
4. German submarines	(D) Alsace-Lorraine

 

Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-B, 4.-A

9. Column I	Column II
1. Leader of Bolsheviks	(A) Revolutionary Court
2. 25th October 1917	(B) Lenin
3. Cheka	(C) land to the  peasants
4. Lenin promised	(D) October Revolution

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C

10. Column I	Column II
1. Czar Nicholas II	(A) Russia
2. Czar Alexander II	(B) Secret police
3. Nihilist Movement	(C) October Manifesto
4. Third section	(D) Dekabrists released

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-B

11. Column I	Column II
1. Fuhrer	(A) Mussolini
2. II Duce	(B) Himmler
3. Gestapo	(C) Hitler
4. Spanish Civil War	(D) Franco

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-D

12. Column I	Column II
1. Fascist government	(A) Spain
2. Nazi government	(B) Russia
3. Bolshevik Revolution	(C) Italy
4. Franco Government	(D) Franco

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

13. Column I	Column II
1. England	(A) Permanent member of the league
2. The Secretariat	(B) President of America
3. Roosevelt	(C) 1929
4. Economic depression	(D) Organ of League of Nation

 

Answer: 1.-A, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-C

14. Column 1	Column II
1. Battle Of Marne	(A) Treaty Of Bucharest
2. Battle Of Verdun	(B) Germans defeated
3. Battle Of Jutland	(C) French win
4. Second Balkam war	(D) England and Germany

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A

15. Column I	Column II
1. Herbert Hoover	(A) Russian Philosopher
2. Dostoevsky	(B) Socialist leader
3. Alexander Kerensky	(C) President of America
4. Frederich Ebert	(D) Prime Minister of Russia

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

16. Column I	Column II
1. Manuel Azana	(A) Living space
2. Lebensraum	(B) The leader
3. Victor Emmanuel	(C) Prime minister of Spain
4. II Duce	(D) Italian King

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

17. Column I	Column II
1. Battle of Marne	(A) Unelected absolute ruler
2. 1917	(B) France and Germany
3. Proletariat	(C) Entry of the USA in World War I
4. Dictor	(D) Working class

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A