WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 History Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Salient points At A Glance

1. In the early years of the 20th century, the political atmosphere of the European continent was quite tense. Europe was in the throes of a devastating war-The First World War (1914-18). Another epoch-making event of the 20th century was the outbreak of the Russian Revolution (1917).

2. The Russian Revolution brought an end to Czarist autocracy and established socialist Russia. The Czars of Russia’ were corrupt. Nicholas II had to abdicate the throne and Russia became a republic. The Republican Government was deposed by the Bolsheviks and they seized power. This Great Revolution is known as the Russian Revolution.

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3. The First World war broke out in 1914 and ended in 1918. The war was waged between the allied powers (comprising Britain, France, Russia and Serbia) and the central powers (comprising Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey).

4. The Treaty of Versailles was concluded in 1919 between the victorious allies (comprising Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, etc.) and defeated Germany after World War I.

5. After the First World War (1914-18) an international organisation known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 to prevent armed conflict.

6. The Treaty of Versailles was a very harsh and humiliating treaty for Germany. Hitler bitterly opposed those conditions of the treaty by which Germany had been responsible for the war.

7. The Great Economic Depression of 1929 had a profound effect on every part of the globe. Faced with an economic crisis the Germans lost their faith in the Republican Government. The Nazis promised to nationalise the big business, provide employment for all workers and implement land reforms. It is not surprising that the people turned to Nazism for a remedy.

8. After the First World War, the political, social and economic condition of Spain was not stable. In 1931, General Election was held in Spain in which the monarchists were defeated. The democratic-Republican government was established in Spain.

But the newly established Republican Government could not work successfully. The banner of revolt was raised in 1936 under the leadership of General Francisco Franco. The Republicans were defeated and Franco established a dictatorship in Spain.

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic A The Russian Revolution Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions

Answer in 7 to 8 sentences

Question 1. When did the Nihilist movement break out in Russia? What did the Nihilists believe in?
Answer: The Nihilist movement broke out in Russia during the reign of Czar Alexander II (1855-81).

They believed in:

[1] Total destruction of the Old Order and to create a vacuum so that only then, a new civilisation could grow.

[2] Freedom of thought and action is the starting point of liberty.

[3] The war against the Czardom, the orthodox church, feudalism, the aristocracy, the existing values of society.

[4] New ethics, a new social code and a morality of revolution to break the. Old Order and creating a happier and better world.

Question 2. Name some repressive measures introduced by Czar Alexander II.
Answer:

Czar Alexander III of Russia introduced the following repressive measures:

[1] Russification of minorities.

[2] The administration of the Mirs or village communities were put under the control of the landed proprietors who were appointed by the Central Government.

 

 

[3] Censorship was imposed upon all kinds of publications. Even private correspondence could be interfered with.

[4] Restrictions were imposed on associations and meetings.

[5] The state tried to control the curriculum and teaching staff of the universities.

[6] Political offenders were liable to be exiled to Siberia or imprisoned in Russia.

Question 3. Describe the social condition of Russia on the eve of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Answer:

Social Condition Of Russia On The Eve Of The Russian Revolution Of 1917:-

The social condition of Russia in 1917 on the eve of the Russian Revolution was the same as it was before the outbreak of the French Revolution. The society of Russia was divided into two divisions.

The Haves:
The ‘Haves’ were those people who were very rich. They fully supported the autocratic Czar. All the administrative posts were occupied by them. They possessed the whole land of the country.

The Have-nots:
The ‘Have-nots’ were the farmers and labourers. Their economy was treated by the rich. Though the slave system condition was deplorable. They were badly was abolished in Russia, it did not bring any basic change in the condition of the poor. The poor decision to make a thorough change in the social condition of the country.

Question 4. What do you know about ‘Bloody Sunday’? Or, Who was Father Gapon?
Answer: In 1905, on 9 January Sunday about 6000 industrial workers under the leadership of Gapon assembled in front of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg to present a petition to Czar Nicholas II.

 

 

The demands of the workers were:

[1] Release of the political prisoners.
[2] Summoning of a representative assembly.
[3] Eight hours of work a day for the workers.

The peaceful assembly was headed by Father Gapon, a priest who was in reality a secret police agent. Nicholas II ordered his troops to open fire on the workers. The firing caused the death of about one thousand workers and more than 2000 were injured. This incident is known in history as the ‘Bloody Sunday’ as January 9 (1905) was a Sunday.

Question 5. What was the impact of the Bolshevik Revolution on Europe and the world?
Answer:

Impact Of The Bolshevik Revolution On Europe And The World:-

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was primarily aimed at the reconstruction of the Russian government and society according to the ideals of socialism. It was both a political and an economic revolution.

In fact the motive behind the revolution was the establishment of proletarian rule all over the world. The Bolshevik attempts to bring about a global socialist revolution through the Third International formed in 1919 ended in failure.

But as years went by the ideal of a socialist government became popular. As a result, several states in North, Central and Eastern Europe like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany set up communist governments. Outside Europe, the most successful country with a communist regime is provided by the People’s Republic of China. Cuba in South America is another country that is a’ communist state.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic A The Russian Revolution Mark True Or False

Question 1. By the October Revolution under Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized the government in the capital St. Petersburg.
Answer: True

Question 2. In 1878, the Narodniks started a violent movement in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 3. The New Economic Policy was declared by Lenin in 1921.
Answer: True

Question 4. The Russian philosopher who prepared Russia mentally for the Russian revolution was Rousseau.
Answer: False

Question 5. The ‘April Thesis’ was announced by Stalin.
Answer: False

Question 6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a federation of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics.
Answer: True

Question 7. On 7 November 1918, the Bolsheviks captured the Winter Palace.
Answer: False

Question 8. A special secret police called Duma was formed by Bolsheviks.
Answer: False

Question 9. The mental climate for the outbreak of the Russian Revolution was prepared by philosophers like Montesquieu and Rousseau.
Answer: False

Question 10. The Bolshevik Revolution broke out under the leadership of Stalin.
Answer: False

Question 11. Alexandra, the queen of Czar Nicholas II was enamoured by a fake priest named Rasputin.
Answer: True

Question 12. The Third Section was the secret police introduced by Czar Nicholas I.
Answer: True

Question 13. One important movement which broke out in Russia in 1870s was the Narodnik movement.
Answer: True

Question 14. In 1905, on a January Sunday about 6000 industrial workers under the leadership of Thiers assembled in front of the Winter Palace.
Answer: False

Question 15. The Nihilist movement broke out during the reign of Czar Alexander I.
Answer: False

Question 16. Father Gapon led the procession of workers to the Winter palace.
Answer: True

Question 17. Before the outbreak of the Russian Revolution Russian Society was divided into two classes.
Answer: True

Question 18. The Bible Society was established by Alexander II in 1812.
Answer: False

Question 19. Narodnik Volya was a secret society of Russia.
Answer: True

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic A The Russian Revolution Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. By the October Revolution of 1917, the __________ (Mensheviks/Bolsheviks/Nobility) captured power in Russia.”
Answer: Bolsheviks

Question 2. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Germany and _________ (Britain/Italy/Russia).
Answer: Russia

Question 3. The Red Army was organised by _________ (Stalin/Trotsky/Lenin).
Answer: Trotsky

Question 4. The New Economic Policy of Lenin was a compromise between socialism and __________(capitalism/communism/Nazism).
Answer: capitalism

Question 5. The Revolution of 1905 in Russia broke out during the reign of ____________ (Czar Alexander II/ Nicholas I/Peter the Great).
Answer: Czar Alexander II

Question 6. ‘Pravda’ was the mouthpiece of the __________(Menshevik/Bolshevik/Communist) party.
Answer: Bolshevik

Question 7. The two factions of the Social Democratic Party are Bolsheviks and ___________(Communists/ Mensheviks/Socialists).
Answer: Mensheviks

Question 8. Czar __________ (Alexander 1/Alexander II/ Nicholas ) showed his liberalism by releasing the Dekabrists.
Answer: Alexander II

Question 9. Kaiser William II abdicated the throne in __________ (1916/1917/1918).
Answer: 1918

Question 10. ‘War Communism’ was introduced by _____________ (Trotsky/Lenin/Franco).
Answer: Lenin

Question 11. The ruler of Russia was called __________(Storm Trooper/Czar/Duma).
Answer: Czar

Question 12. The legislature of Russia is known as ___________ (Mir/Pravda/Duma).
Answer: Duma

Question 13. The word ‘Communism’ was first used by _____________ (Nicholas I/Lenin/Karl Marx).
Answer: Karl Marx

Question 14. The author of the novel ‘Mother’ is _________(Lenin/Engles/Maxim Gorky).
Answer: Maxim Gorky

Question 15. The writer of the novel ‘Father and Sons’ was ___________(Maxim Gorky/Lenin/Ivan Turgenev).
Answer: Ivan Turgenev

Question 16. The meaning of the word ‘Narod’ is ________ (Czar/people/monarch).
Answer: people

Question 17. The newspaper ‘Pravda’ was published in the year ________ (1911/1910/1912).
Answer: 1912

Question 18. The leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was _________ (Vladimir Lenin/Kerensky/Karl Marx).
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question 19. The leader of the Mensheviks was (Vladimir Lenin/Trotsky/Julius Martov).
Answer: Julius Martov

Question 20. The New Economic Policy was introduced by ___________(Karl Marx/Vladimir Lenin/ Kerensky).
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic A The Russian Revolution Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1.  In 1921, Lenin announced a New Economic Policy.
1. Lenin wanted to establish his dominance in the country’s economy.
2.  Lenin wanted to give more benefits to the workers than to any other class.
3.  Lenin Wanted to save the country from the economic crisis.

Answer: 3.  Lenin Wanted to save the country from the economic crisis.

Question 2.  Czar Nicholas II issued the ‘October Manifesto’.
1.  He wanted to reform Russia.
2. He wanted to resist the revolution through compromise.
3.  He wanted to create a revolution in the industrial sector.

Answer: 2. He wanted to resist the revolution through compromise.

Question  3. The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
1. Bolsheviks promised to redistribute the land owned by the nobility.
2. Bolsheviks promised to introduce modern technology to Russian farms.
3. Bolsheviks promised to redistribute the land owned by the government.

Answer: 3. Bolsheviks promised to redistribute the land owned by the government.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic B The First World War and Aftermath Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions

Answer in 7 to 8 sentences

Question 1. What were the causes of the victory of the Allied Powers in the First World War?
Answer: The First World War ended in 1918 with the victory of the Allied Powers and the defeat of the Central Powers.

 

 

The causes of the victory of the Allied Powers are discussed below:

[1] The Allied Powers had greater manpower and resources than Germany.
[2] The entry of USA in the war turned the tide in favour of the Allied Powers.
[3] The Alied Powers had greater manpower than Germany.
[4] The democratic countries like England, France got the support of the people than an autocratic country like Germany.
[5] The Allies by opening two fronts in the war forced Germany to meet the challenge from two sides. Germany could not continue the war because Germany had neither the war equipment nor financial resource to continue the war for long on two frontiers.
[6] One important reason for the victory of the Allied Powers was their superiority in naval strength compared to Germany and her associates.

Question 2. Was the Treaty of Versailles (1919) based on Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’?
Answer: With the surrender of Germany in 1918, the First World War came to an end. As an answer to all European problems, the President of the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson came up with a peace proposal known as the Fourteen Points. The Fourteen Points of Wilson did not receive much importance at the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty of Versailles made between the victorious powers and Germany was not purely based on the Fourteen Points.

Throughout the Paris Peace Conference, there was a conflict between Wilson’s idealism and nationalist realism. In fact, the Fourteen Points of Wilson was given only lip service. Wilson had to make a compromise between Clemenceau’s practicalism and Lloyd George’s opportunism. The Fourteen Points did not provide for any partition of German territory. But the Versailles Treaty partitioned Germany.

Question 3. What were the economic clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer: In the First World War (1914-1918) Germany was defeated and the Treaty of Versailles was imposed upon Germany in 1919.

The economic clauses of the Treaty were:

[1] Germany was guilty of war and had to pay $ 6600 million in reparations partly in cash, partly in kind and in services.

[2] Germany had to surrender Alsace and Lorraine to France for fifteen years after which the fate of the region was to be settled by a plebiscite.

[3] Germany lost all her colonies in Africa and the Pacific.

[4] Rivers of Germany-Elba, the Rhine, the Danube, etc. will remain under international control.

[5] It became obligatory for Germany to supply a special quality of coal, timber, rubber, iron ore and other minerals to Italy, France, Belgium and Luxemburg.

Question 4. Justify the Treaty of Versailles (1919).
Answer: The Treaty of Versailles (1919) imposed on Germany by the victorious Allied Powers has been justified on the following grounds:

[1] According to the principles laid down by President Wilson the League of Nations was established with the avowed aim to establish permanent peace and order in the world.

[2] When the frontier areas of Germany were partitioned the principal and integral part of Germany was kept united under a sovereign government.

[3] The colonies of Germany were divided among the Allies on the basis of the Mandate system.

[4] Germany was not asked to pay the whole expenses of the war. She was asked to pay only the damages suffered by the civilian population of the Allied countries due to German aggression.

[5] According to the principle of nationalism and self-determination, many new states were created, viz., Poland, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania etc. It was for the first time, that the principle of nationalism was enforced on a large scale. As a result of this, only three percent people of the total population of Europe remained under the yoke of the foreigners.

Question 5. With what aims was the League of Nations founded?
Answer:
After the first World war (1914-18), an international organisation known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 with the following aims in view :

[1] To prevent armed conflict and to promote international peace and cooperation.
[2] To establish honourable and just relations among different nations.
[3] To implement the provisions of the treaties registered at the Paris Peace Conference.
[4] To promote international disarmament in order to reduce tension and to find out ways and means for peaceful settlement of international disputes.
[5] To protect the weaker section of humanity specially women and children.
[6] To promote just treatment to the working class and
[7] To promote the health of mankind.

Question 6. Briefly describe the causes of the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer: After the First World War (1914-18) an international organisation, known as the League of Nations, which was formed to promote international cooperation and peace failed due to various reasons:

[1] The League was never able to make itself truly ‘representative of the entire world’. Countries like the USA, Russia, Germany, Japan and Italy were not members of the League at different stages and no international organisation can be really successful if some of the Great Powers remain outside its orbit.

 

[2] Mere protests could not check the aggressive policy of the members of the League. Effective economic and military sanctions were necessary but military sanctions were left to the discretion of the members. Without military punishment, the aggressor could not be checked.

[3] The League had no army, navy or airforce of its own nor was it in a position to apply economic sanctions without the cooperation of the great powers. But the great powers looked after their own interests instead of fulfilling their obligations to the is was the League of League.

[4] The rise of dictatorship in different countries in the third decade of the 20th century frustrated the peace-making efforts of the League.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic B The First World War and Aftermath Mark True Or False

Question 1. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France.
Answer: True

Question 2. The Treaty of Sevres was concluded in 1919.
Answer: False

Question 3. The Polish corridor was given to Austria for reaching the Baltic Sea.
Answer: False

Question 4. The port of Danzig was snatched away from the possession of Germany.
Answer: True

Question 5. The Treaty of Versailles adhered to the principle of self-determination.
Answer: False

Question 6. The League of Nations was established with the aim to establish permanent peace.
Answer: True

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic B The First World War and Aftermath Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Triple Alliance was formed in the year ___________. (1880/1884/1882).
Answer: 1882

Question 2. The Treaty of Versailles was opposed by _________ (Italy/Spain/Germany).
Answer: Germany

Question 3. The Great Economic Depression of 1929 first started in ______ (Great Britain/America/Germany).
Answer: America

Question 4. _______(Hoover/Woodrow Wilson/Clemenceau) is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
Answer: Woodrow Wilson

Question 5. During the First World War, the Emperor of Germany was________ (Charles X/Kaiser William II/Kaiser William III/Frederick William III).
Answer: Kaiser William II

Question 6. After the First World War, the humiliating treaty which was imposed on Germany was the Treaty of ____________(Brest-Litovsk/ Versailles/Lussane/Sevres).
Answer: Versailles

Question 7. People of the Weimer Republic lost confidence in the democratic _______ (alliance/parliamentary system/values/attitude).
Answer: parliamentary system

Question 8. After the First World War, the new Republican government of Germany was established in _________ (Berlin/Weimer/ Brussels).
Answer: Weimer

Question 9. The Great Depression was a period of____________ (political crisis/economic crisis/religious crisis).
Answer: Economic crisis

Question 10. The Saar Valley was put under an international commission for ______ (13/14/15) years.
Answer: 15

Question 11. The Treaty of St. Germain was signed between the victorious allies and defeated Austria in ______ (1916/1918/1919).
Answer: 1919

Question 12. The Treaty of __________ (Trianon/Neuilly/Versailles) contained the seeds of the Second World war.
Answer: Versailles

Question 13. Morocco is in ___________(Africa/Netherlands/China).
Answer: Africa

Question 14. The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was signed in _________(1932/1933/1934).
Answer: 1932

Question 15. The USA entered the First World War in ___________ (1917/1918/1919).
Answer: 1917

Question 16. Herbert Hoover was the President of __________(Britain/America/France).
Answer: America

Question 17. Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of ___________(Spain/Austria/Herzegovina).
Answer: Austria

Question 18. ___________(Llyod George/Woodrow Wilson/ Gorky) was called the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
Answer: Woodrow Wilson

Question 19. In ________ (1928/1929/1930) the American share market crashed.
Answer: 1929

Question 20. _______(24 October 1929/26 October 1929/ 22 October 1939) is known as the Black Day in the history of the USA.
Answer: 24 October 1929

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic B The First World War and Aftermath Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1.  America joined the First World War.
1. American ships were destroyed by Germany.
2. Germany contained America.
3. Germany joined France against America.

Answer: 1. American ships were destroyed by Germany.

Question 2. By the Treaty of Versailles Germany was demilitarized.
1. To establish a balance of power.
2. To take control of German arms.
3. So that Germany could not disturb peace in future.

Answer:  1. To establish a balance of power.

Question 3. The Great Depression of 1929 was a period of severe economic crisis.
1. Some banking policies were unsound and had led to the over-expansion of credit.
2. Consumer goods were relatively inexpensive.
3. A wave of strikes had paralysed the industries.

Answer: 1. Some banking policies were unsound and had led to the over-expansion of credit.

Question 4. In 1931, Hoover Moratorium was announced.
1. To save the world from an economic crisis.
2. To provide financial assistance to different European countries.
3. To save America’s economy.

Answer: 1. To save the world from an economic crisis.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic C Aggressive Nationalism: Rise of Nazism and Fascism Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions

Answer in 7 to 8 sentences

Question 1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimer Republic.
Answer:

The problems faced by Weimer Republic were the following:

[1] The infant Weimer Republic was forced to pay for the sins of the old empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation.

[2] There was an economic crisis of 1923. Prices of goods soared high.

[3] There was a revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

[4] The infant Weimer Republic was fragile.

System of proportionate representation and Article 48 gave President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree. The Weimer Republic saw twenty different cabinets lasting on an average of 239 days and a liberal use of Article 48.

Question 2. What was the effect of the Great Germany her export trade and production Depression of 1929 on Germany?
Answer:

Effect Of The Great Germany Her Export Trade And Production Depression Of 1929 On Germany:

The Great Depression of 1929 had a profound effect on Germany. The German economy was the worst hit by the Great Depression. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40% of the 1929 level. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. The number of unemployed people touched an unprecedented 6 million.

On the roads of Germany, men could be seen with placards around their necks saying, ‘Willing to do any work’. An unemployed young man played cards or simply sat at street corners or desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. As the young men had no jobs, they took to criminal activities.

Question 3. How was the Great Depression of 1929 responsible for the rise of Nazism?
Answer:

Great Depression Of 1929 Responsible For The Rise Of Nazism:-

The Great Depression of 1929 was to a large extent responsible for the rise of Nazism. The German government faced economic problems like mass unemployment and inflation. The American investors recalled their short-term loans from Germany. One of Germany’s joint stocks bank collapsed in 1931. When America withdrew her loans from declined considerably. The number of unemployed people rose. In Germany, the jobless numbered 6 million.

Faced with economic crises the Germans lost their faith in the Republican Government. Within six years the working class and the middle class were ruined due to economic crash. The Nazis promised to nationalize the big businesses, provide employment for all workers and implement land reform for peasants. It is not surprising that the people turned to Nazism for a remedy.

Question 4. Briefly describe the reasons for the rise professions were important features of Nazi of the Nazis to power.
Answer:

The reasons for the rise of the Nazis were” as follows:

[1] In the First World War (1914-18) Germany was defeated and the humiliating Treaty of Versailles was imposed upon Germany in 1919 and the rise of Nazis is traced to the severity of the terms imposed upon Germany by this shameful Treaty of Versailles.

[2] The heavy burden of compensation imposed upon Germany brought in a host of evils like unemployment, price rise and taxation.

[3] Democracy in Germany remained as weak as it could be and the suffering of the people knew no bounds. Hitler cleverly exploited the discontent of his countrymen and his theory of the superiority of the German race restored confidence in the people.

[4] His oratory, uniform (Brown Shirt of the Nazi members), the swastika flag, and use of violence- all together appealed to many classes of the German people.

[5] The Nazis provided an outlet for the military leanings of the German youths. The German minds reacted favourably to dictatorial movements. ‘Throughout their history the Germans have been wont to submit to the authority of one individual.’

[6] Moreover, due to the fear of a communist revolution, the opponents of communism supported the Nazis and it was under these circumstances that Nazism gained ground in German soil.

Question 5. What were the main features of the Nazi police force named ‘Gestapo’ was organised thinking’re the main features?
Answer:

The main features of Nazi thinking were as follows:

[1] It wanted to restore the dignity of Germany.
[2] It was opposed to both democracy and communism.
[3] It aimed at the expansion of the German empire under the slogan, one person, one empire and one leader.
[4] It was in favour of the superiority of the Aryan race.
[5] The state is above all.
[6] Depriving non-Aryans from rights of citizenship and professions were important feature of Nazi thinking.

Question 6. What agencies did Hitler use to suppress all opponents and create total Nazi domination?
Answer:

Hitler used different agencies to dominate.

[1] Hitler formed a para-military suppress all opponents and create a total Nazi force with unemployed youths known as ‘Storm Troopers’ who manhandled opposition leaders and disturbed the meetings convened by the opposition parties.

[2] He also organised the ‘Youth Brigade’ and ‘Girl Brigade’ who constantly shouted ‘Heil Hitler’ and silenced all criticism against him.

[3] A secret police force named ‘Gestapo’ was organised the main function of which was to arrest those persons whose activities were found doubtful and against the principles of Nazism.

[4] He imposed several restrictions upon the press, speech and parliamentary discussions.

Question 7. Why did Fascism rise in Italy?
Answer:

Fascism Rise In Italy As Follows:-

From the First World War (1914-18) Italy emerged with very little gains and there was a general feeling among the Italians that they had not been fairly treated in the Paris Peace Conference (1919). The situation in Italy became very serious when, after the war, prices rose high and poverty and insufficiency stalked the land. Socialist propaganda naturally found eager ears in the ItaliAnswer: Peasant revolts, strikes and labour unrest threatened the government of the day.

The parliamentary system in Italy was weak and the ministers found themselves unable to control the section of the situation. In this situation, the Italian middle class formed a party called the Fascist party under the leadership of Mussolini.

They organised themselves in the fashion of an army and adopted a black uniform. In 1922 Mussolini with his followers the ‘Blackshirts’ marched upon Rome, seized the government and established a Fascist government under his personal control.

Question 8. The democratic system of administration was rooted out by Mussolini-Explain.
Answer: Mussolini had no faith in democracy. He hated democracy and according to him, the democratic government was always formed by fools. Under Fascism, the people were expected to obey the orders of their leader. The local self-government bodies were abolished by Mussolini. Severe restrictions were imposed upon the press.

The democratic electoral system was overhauled. Spies were appointed all over the country to supply information. Thus dictatorship of Mussolini was established in Italy and the democratic system of administration was rooted out.

Question 9. What were the measures adopted by Mussolini to crush his opponents?
Answer:  Mussolini adopted some measures to crush his opponents.

He took the following steps:

[1] All political parties were banned. The cabinet system was also put to an end.
[2] The local administrative bodies were suspended.
[3] The police department was given unlimited powers to arrest the opponents. Members of the opposition parties were arrested and put to jail.
[4] Education was imparted to the students on Fascism principles.
[5] The army was reorganised on new principles.
[6] Severe restrictions were imposed on press. The publication of many magazines and newspapers was prohibited.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic C Aggressive Nationalism: Rise of Nazism and Fascism Mark True Or False

Question 1. The republican government in Germany after the fall of monarchy was set up by Himmler.
Answer: False

Question 2. The three mottos of Fascism were State- worship, leader worship and war-worship.
Answer: True

Question 3. When Hilter invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, the Second World War started.
Answer: True

Question 4. Hilter formed a para-military force with unemployed youths known as Gestapo.
Answer: False

Question 5. A secret police force named Gestapo was organised by Hitler.
Answer: True

Question 6. Both Nazism and Fascism were in favour of democracy.
Answer: False

Question 7. The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed in 1932.
Answer: True

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic C Aggressive Nationalism: Rise of Nazism and Fascism

Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. __________(General France/ Mussolini/Hitler) formed the para-military force known as ‘Storm Trooper’.
Answer: Hitler

Question 2. Hitler occupied Rhineland in _________ (1930/1936/1939).
Answer: 1936

Question 3. The Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact was signed in ____________. (1929/1939/1949).
Answer: 1939

Question 4. Hitler considered the Germans to be the master race or __________(Herrenvolk/Lebensraum/Gestapo).
Answer: Herrenvolk

Question 5. In 1922 _____________(Franco/Mussolini/Hitler) captured power in Italy.
Answer: Mussolini

Question 6. Mussolini occupied Ethiopia in ______(1930/ 1934/1936).
Answer: 1936

Question 7. The programme of March to Rome was chalked out by __________(Nazis/Fascists/Communists).
Answer: Fascists

Question 8. General Franco was the dictator of __________(Netherlands/Sardinia/Spain).
Answer: Spain

Question 9. Spanish Civil War took place in _________(1938/ 1937/1939).
Answer: 1939

Question 10.__________(Hitler/Mussolini/General Franco) came out victorious in the Spanish Civil War.
Answer: General Franco

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic C Aggressive Nationalism: Rise of Nazism and Fascism Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1.  The Spanish Civil War is known as ‘Little World War’.
1. World War II began in Spain.
2. The powerful countries of Europe were directly and indirectly involved in this war.
3. Spain was inhabited by people of different ethnicities.

Answer: 2. The powerful countries of Europe were directly and indirectly involved in this war.

Question 2.  Hitler and Mussolini supported the Spanish leader Franco.
1. Hitler and Mussolini realized that Franco’s rebellion is beneficial for Spain.
2.  By supporting Franco, Hitler and Mussolini sought. to strengthen their dictatorial regime.
3. Hitler and Mussolini thought that, if they did not support Franco, he would attack them in future.

Answer: 2.  By supporting Franco, Hitler and Mussolini sought. to strengthen their dictatorial regime.

 

 

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic D

Miscellaneous

Explanatory Answer (EA) Type Questions Answer in 12 to 15 sentences

Question 1. Give an outline of the historical events in twentieth-century Europe.
Answer: In the early years of the 20th century, the political atmosphere of the European continent was quite tense. Europe was in the throes of a devastating war-the First World War (1914-18). Never before had a war been fought over an area which was nearly as wide as the world. It is one of the deadliest conflicts in history.

[1] The outbreak of First World War (1914):
The First World War was fought between the Allied Powers comprising Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia and the Central Powers comprising Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Turkey. With the surrender of Germany in 1918, the First World War came to an end.

[2] Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points:
As an answer to all European problems the President of America, Woodrow Wilson, came up with peace proposals known as the Fourteen Points. The defeated Germans expected a peace settlement to be based upon the Fourteen Points.

[3] Treaty of Versailles:
The most important of the peace settlements that terminated the First World War was the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty imposed unjust and humiliating terms on defeated Germany. Naturally, Germany continued to nourish grievances about the treaty.

[4] Establishment of League of Nations:
The next major event of 20th-century Europe was the establishment of an international peace organization. That organisation was known as the League of Nations. It was established after the First World War. Its aim was to prevent armed conflict and to establish honourable and just relationships among different nations.

[5] Establishment of Fascist Party:
The next historical event was the establishment of dictatorial governments in different parts of Europe. After the First World War, the situation in Italy was very serious. Prices soared high and poverty and insufficiency stalked the land. Mussolini established the Fascist party and became the dictator of Italy.

[6] Establishment of the Nazi Party:
The First World War and the Treaty of Versailles brought in a host of evils like unemployment, price rise and taxation. The Weimar Republic in Germany failed to solve the economic problems. Hitler fully exploited the discontent of his countrymen. He established the Nazi Party and became a dictator.

[7] The outbreak of Russian Revolution:
Another epoch-making event of the 20th century was the outbreak of the Russian Revolution(1917). Various socio-political, economic and intellectual causes were responsible for the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution had a tremendous impact on the Russian and non-Russian nationalities. It ushered in a great socialist movement and created panic in the capitalist world. The revolution started an era of nationalist struggle against colonial rule.

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Topic D Miscellaneous Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions

Match the columns

1. Column I	Column II
1. General Franco	(A) Germany
2. Lenin	(B) Italy
3. Mussolini	(C) Spain
4.  Hitler	(D) Russia

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

2. Column I	Column II
1. April Thesis	(A) Hitler
2. Woodrow Wilson	(B) M N Roy
3. Mein Kampf	(C) 14 Points
4. Indian Communist Party	(D) Lenin

 

Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-A, 4.-B

3. Column 1	Column II
1. Treaty of Versailles	(A) Allied powers with Hungary
2. Treaty of Trianon	(B) Germany and Russia
3. Treaty of Brest Litovsk	(C) Allied powers with German
4. Treaty of St.Germain	(D) Allied powers with Austria

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-D

4. Column I	Column II
1. Lusitania	(A) German Parliament
2. Ludendroff	(B) Lenin
3. Duma	(C) British Linear
4. April Thesis	(D) German General

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-B

5. Column I	Column II
1. Treaty of Versailles	(A) 1929
2. League of Nations founded	(B) 1919
3. Great Economic Depression	(C) 1918
4. Weimer Republic established	(D) 1920

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C

6. Column 1	Column II
1. Battle of Ypres	(A) Dardanelles
2. Anglo-French naval expedition	(B) Republic proclaimed in Germany
3. Sinking of U boats	(C) Germany defeated
4. Kaiser fled	(D) USA declared war against Germany

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

7. Column I	Column II
1. Turgenev	(A) Autocrats
2. Russians were defeated	(B) In Russia
3. Feeling of class struggle	(C) Russian philosopher
4. Czar of Russia	(D) Crimean War

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

8. Column I	Column II
1. Germany lost	(A) U-boats
2. Treaty of Trianon	(B) Seeds of World War ll
3. Treaty of Versailles	(C) 1920
4. German submarines	(D) Alsace-Lorraine

 

Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-B, 4.-A

9. Column I	Column II
1. Leader of Bolsheviks	(A) Revolutionary Court
2. 25th October 1917	(B) Lenin
3. Cheka	(C) land to the  peasants
4. Lenin promised	(D) October Revolution

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C

10. Column I	Column II
1. Czar Nicholas II	(A) Russia
2. Czar Alexander II	(B) Secret police
3. Nihilist Movement	(C) October Manifesto
4. Third section	(D) Dekabrists released

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-B

11. Column I	Column II
1. Fuhrer	(A) Mussolini
2. II Duce	(B) Himmler
3. Gestapo	(C) Hitler
4. Spanish Civil War	(D) Franco

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-D

12. Column I	Column II
1. Fascist government	(A) Spain
2. Nazi government	(B) Russia
3. Bolshevik Revolution	(C) Italy
4. Franco Government	(D) Franco

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-A

13. Column I	Column II
1. England	(A) Permanent member of the league
2. The Secretariat	(B) President of America
3. Roosevelt	(C) 1929
4. Economic depression	(D) Organ of League of Nation

 

Answer: 1.-A, 2.-D, 3.-B, 4.-C

14. Column 1	Column II
1. Battle Of Marne	(A) Treaty Of Bucharest
2. Battle Of Verdun	(B) Germans defeated
3. Battle Of Jutland	(C) French win
4. Second Balkam war	(D) England and Germany

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A

15. Column I	Column II
1. Herbert Hoover	(A) Russian Philosopher
2. Dostoevsky	(B) Socialist leader
3. Alexander Kerensky	(C) President of America
4. Frederich Ebert	(D) Prime Minister of Russia

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

16. Column I	Column II
1. Manuel Azana	(A) Living space
2. Lebensraum	(B) The leader
3. Victor Emmanuel	(C) Prime minister of Spain
4. II Duce	(D) Italian King

 

Answer: 1.-C, 2.-A, 3.-D, 4.-B

17. Column I	Column II
1. Battle of Marne	(A) Unelected absolute ruler
2. 1917	(B) France and Germany
3. Proletariat	(C) Entry of the USA in World War I
4. Dictor	(D) Working class

 

Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A