Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Powers Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System
Question 1 Discuss the significance of the Battle of Buxar.
Answer:
Significance Of The Battle Of Buxar:-
Battle of Buxar Introduction:
The combined forces of Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Suja ud daulCompany had started establishing its rule over India after winning the Battle of Plassey but after winning the Battle of Buxar they placed their colonial rule on a firm foundation.
lah of Ayodhya and Mughal emperor Shah Alam II was defeated by the British army led by Robert Clive in the Battle of Buxar in 1764.
Through this victory, the Company went a step ahead in establishing its political domination over India.
Results Of The Battle Of Buxar-
1. Consolidation of colonial rule:
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The Company had started establishing its rule over India after winning the Battle of Massey but after winning the Battle of Bexar they placed their colonial rule on a firm foundation.
2. Establishment of British superiority:
The armies of the Nawab as well as the British had staked their utmost strength in the Battle of Buxar. The victory of the British in the war helped to prove their superiority.
3. Establishment of authority in North India:
The victory in the Battle of Buxar initiated the authority of the British over north India. Both Suja ud daullah of Ayodhya and Mughal emperor Shah Alam II became puppets in the hands of the British Company and were forced to owe allegiance to them.
4. Receipt of Diwani:
The Company got the power of Diwani over Bengal, Bihar ad Orissa from Mughal emperor Shah Alam II. So the Company established its legal authority in the administrative and economic spheres.
5. Decisive battle:
The Battle of Buxar was a decisive battle in the history of India. If the English forces would have been defeated then history would have been different.
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Battle of Buxar Conclusion:
The victory in the Battle of Buxar abolished Nawab’s rule and led to the rise of British power. According to James Stephens, Buxar is regarded as the originating point of British rule in India.
Question 2 Discuss how the British East India Company got the right of Diwani.
Answer:
British East India Company Introduction:
The British East India Company had come to India for trade like other European companies. However, successive victories in the Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar turned the Company from a trading institution to a political power. So they tried to obtain the right to Diwani from the Mughal emperor to get legal recognition.
Background Of Obtaining Diwani
1. Agreement with Najm ud-Beulah:
After the death of Mir Jafar his son Nawab Najm ud daulah signed an agreement with the British Company power.
2. Agreement with the Nawab of Ayodhya:
The Company extended its authority by signing the first Treaty of Allahabad with Nawab Suja ud daullah of Ayodhya in 1765.
According to this treatySuja ud-daullah would pay a compensation of rupees 50 lakhs to the Company and also hand over the provinces of Kara and Allahabad to them.
In return, the Company would give his kingdom back. The Company would protect Ayodhya against any sort of aggression.
3. Treaty with Shah Alam II:
After the Battle of Buxar, the Company signed the Treaty of Allahabad with the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II in 1965.
According to this treaty, the Company would hand over Kara and Allahabad to the emperor along with an annual revenue of rupees 26 lakhs and, in return, receive the Diwani. i.e, the power to collect revenue from Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from him.
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4. Final treaty with Najm ud-daulah:
Robert Clive signed another treaty with Nawab Najm ud-daulah of Bengal on 30th September 1965. According to this treaty, the Company would pay the Nawab 53 lakh rupees annually for Nizamat, i.e., conducting the administration.
Now the Nawab gradually became dependent on the Company and the latter established uncontrolled authority over Bengal.
Question 3. Discuss the significance of the receipt of Diwani by the British East India Company.
Answer:
Significance Of The Receipt Of Diwani By The British East India Company:-
Diwani Introduction:
The British Company established its authority over Indian politics after obtaining the Diwani or the right to collect revenue from Bengal,
Bihar and Orissa on 12th August 1765. According to Percival Spear, responsible power begins from this time.”
Significance Of Diwani:
The receipt of Diwani by the British was an important event from both political and economic points of view.
1. Political significance:
Increase in power and influence:
After getting the Diwani the British East India Company exerted much more power and influence than the other European trading companies
2. Real controller of politics:
When Najm ud Beulah, the Nawab of Bengal declared by a treaty that the person nominated by the Company would get the administrative post, the Company became the real controller of the throne of Bengal.
3. Change in the form :
The Company’s form changed after obtaining the diwani. It changed from a trading institution to a political institution.
4. Beginning of quasi-imperialism:
As a consequence of obtaining Diwani, the Company got irresponsible power and the Nawab got powerless responsibility. Historian P. J. Marshal called this quasi-imperialism.
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2. Economic significance:
Rise influence of the company:
The Company began to collect revenue at random after obtaining Diwani and this led to multip increase in its affluence.
A drain of resources:
The amount of wealth and resources which were being dispatched to England after the Battle of Plassey increased manifold after the obtaining of Diwani.
The decline of indigenous industries:
After receiving Diwani the British destroyed the cottage industries and handicraft industries of Bengal as a part of their imperialistic policy.
Decay of native resources:
On receiving immense wealth by virtue of Diwani the English people stopped the import of their own silver coins (bullion) and used Indian coins only.
So the economic resources of India decayed when all the expenses began to be incurred in the Indian currency.
Question 4. How did the dual government end in Bengal?
Answer:
The Dual Government End In Bengal:-
Introduction:
Clive initiated the dual government system in Bengal after receiving Diwani in 1765 but Warren Hasting did away with this system.
Termination Of Dual Government
1. Background for termination of dual government:
The Company retained the power to collect revenue while the Nawab was entrusted with the task of running the administration.
The Company appointed Reza Khan and Sitab Roy as Naib Nazim to collect revenue. The Company became so greedy for wealth after receiving Diwani that the two Naibs could not satisfy them even after exploiting the peasants to the utmost level.
The British also started interfering with the work of the Nawab and this created much chaos in the administration. Again, the famine of 1770 caused a toll on lives.
In such a situation Warren Hastings was sent as the Governor-General of Bengal in 1772 with instructions to put an end to the dual government system and take the administrative power directly into the Company’s hands.
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2. Measures are taken to terminate the system:
Hastings adopted some measures to end the system of dual government-0 He annulled all the treaties signed between the British and the Nawab of Bengal and also the emperor of Delhi.
Sitab Roy and Reza Khan were removed from their posts and the right to collect revenue and the responsibilities of running the administration became concentrated in the Company’s hands.
An English collector was appointed in every district to collect revenue and he was assisted by a native diwan.
A revenue board was set up to supervise the revenue collection. The headquarter of the Company was shifted from Murshidabad to Kolkata.
The adoption of all these measures by Hastings helped to solve the chaos in Bengal to some extent.
Question 5. Discuss the Subsidiary Alliance.
Answer:
Subsidiary Alliance Introduction:
Lord introduced Wellesleypolicy in 1798 by which he compelled native states to accept the Company’s overlordship to supposedly protect them from external invasions. This was Subsidiary Alliance.
Subsidiary Alliance Conditions:
- The terms and conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance were
- The states who entered into the alliance would be protected by the Company from external attacks and internal disorder.
- The state had to maintain a standing army led by an English general.
- The bigger states had to cede a portion of their territory to station the soldiers.
- 4The smaller states could pay in cash instead of ceding a part of their land.
- These states needed the Company’s consent to carry on any foreign policy.
- They needed Company’s consent to get involved in any war.
- They needed the Company’s consent to recruit Europeans in their armies.
States accepting the policy:
The states which accepted the Subsidiary Alliance were Tanjore (25th October 1799), Surat (1800), Hyderabad (1800), Karnataka (25th July 1801), Malwa, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Gaikwad Bundelkhand.
Moreover, the Nawab of Ayodhya and Peshwa Baji Rao II also accepted it.
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Subsidiary Alliance Significance:
1. Native states:
1. Economic loss:
The native states had to bear the expenses of the British army. This drained their wealth.
2. Lack of security:
As the responsibility of defending the native states was the Company’s, native armies became useless.
2. The British:
1. Emergence as a sovereign power: The Company gained more power and emerged as a sovereign power.
2. Expansion of British Empire: The British kept annexing native states one by one and expanded their empire.
Question 6 What do you know about the Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
Doctrine of Lapse Introduction:
The Doctrine of Lapse was a remarkable policy of Lord Dalhousie to extend the British empire. Introduced in 1848, this stated that if any ruler of a state under British protection died without a natural heir then his state would be annexed to the empire.
Doctrine Of Lapse:
Method of implementation: Dalhousie had implemented the policy of restricting adoption declared by the Board of Directors in 1834. Before that, he categorized the native states into The right of an adopted heir would not be three divisions-independent native states. states created by the Company and state under the Company’s protection.
Doctrine of Lapse Terms and conditions:
The main terms and conditions of the policy were as follows
1. The king of a state created by the Company could not adopt any child if he had no son and in that case, the state would directly be included in the British empire after his death.
2. The king of a state under British protection should seek the permission of the Company before adopting a child, otherwise the state would be annexed to the British empire after his death.
3. The British would not interfere in the matters of independent states.
Application of the Doctrine of Lapse policy:
Dalhousie first used the policy against Kolba (1840). After that, he annexed Satara (1848), Sambalpur and Jaunpur (1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854) and Karnataka (1856) by using the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
Criticism: Much confusion arose in implementing the policy in three different categories of states. So, in some cases, the doctrine was misused.
Though Udaipur was not a state created by the British yet it had to suffer under the Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 7. State the significance of the Doctrine of Lapse in the expansion of the British empire.
Answer:
Significance Of The Doctrine Of Lapse In The Expansion Of The British Empire:-
Doctrine of Lapse in the Expansion of the Empire Introduction:
Lord Dalhousie had declared in the Doctrine of Lapse that the native states which were dependent on the grace of the British would be annexed to the British.
empire if the King died without a natural heir. The right of the adopted heir would not be recognized.
Significance of the Doctrine of Lapse in the Expansion of the Empire:
Beginning of the Sepoy Mutiny:
The doctrine of Lapse had indirectly sparked off the Sepoy Mutiny. The vehemence with which Dalhousie used
the policy and annexed so many states to the British Empire created terror among the other native states.
The annexation of Nagpur and Ayodhya and the plunder of the palace of Ayodhya antagonized the people.
A strong reaction was felt when Nana Saheb’s allowance was stopped. All these subsequently led to the outbreak of the mutiny.
Question 8. Discuss the causes of Anglo-French rivalry in South India over the expansion of power in India.
Answer:
Causes Of Anglo-French Rivalry In South India Over The Expansion Of Power In India:-
Anglo-French rivalry in South India Introduction:
The English and the French entered into a mutual conflict in South India over the establishment of commercial and political authority in India.
This is termed as Anglo-French rivalry which led to three wars First Carnatic War (1746-48), Second Carnatic War (1749-54) and Third Carnatic War (1756-63).
Anglo-French Rivalry
1. Inequal trade: The British East India Company and French East India Company were the most powerful among the European trading companies.
Initially, there was equality among them with respect to trade but soon the English outstripped the French and so the rivalry became inevitable.
2. Attempt for political domination:
The British and the French came to India for commercial purposes but soon they tried to establish their domination over the political sphere.
The British and the French tried to establish their authority over Bengal and the Deccan respectively.
When the British tried to interfere in the politics of Karnataka they came into conflict with the French.
3. War of succession in Austria:
A war of succession took place between Austria and Prussia, in which, England supported the former and France supported the latter.
The legacy of this war could be felt in the Anglo-French rivalry in India.
4. Building commercial centers:
The British were more advanced than the French in building commercial centers in Bengal as well as in India When Nawab build
their chief trading centers and port in places other than Chandannagar, they came into direct conflict with the English.
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Question 9. Give an account of the Anglo-French Wars.
Answer:
Anglo-French Wars Introduction:
The English and the French entered into a rivalry in South India to establish commercial and political authority. This was known as the Anglo-French rivalry.
Anglo-French Rivalry:
1. First Carnatic War:
The British had set up commercial and military headquarters in Madras which was then ruled by Anwar Uddin. British admiral Camdor Barnet captured some of the French warships during the war of succession in Austria. When the French Governor of Mauritius La Bourdonnais appeared at Madras with eight warships at the request of Dupleix,
the English fled from there. The English now sought the help of Anwaruddin for recapturing Madras. As Anwaruddin was quite offended at the cunning of Dupleix, he began to fight against the French. The Nawab was defeated in the battle of Mylapur or St. Thome in 1764. When the war ended in Europe with the treaty of Ai-la-Chapelle (1748 AD) the English got back Madras and thus the First Carnatic War came to an end.
2. Second Carnatic War:
When Nawab Nizam ul Mulk of Hyderabad died, a conflict arose between his son Nasir Jung and grandson Muzaffar Jung over the accession to the throne.
Here Dupleix supported Muzaffar Jung. Again, he supported Chanda Saheb in the conflict between Anwaruddin and Chanda Saheb over the post of the Nawab in Karnataka.
Anwaruddin was defeated and killed in the Battle of Amber (1749) by the combined forces of Dupleix, Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Saheb.
When Chanda Saheb became the Nawab of Karnataka the English became quite worried and tried to place Nasir Jung and Muhammad Ali (son of Anwaruddin) as the Nawabs of Hyderabad and Karnataka respectively. So the Second Carnatic War.
started between the English and the French in 1749. The war ended when both parties returned their occupied areas to each other through a treaty in 1755.
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3. Third Carnatic War:
When the Seven Years’ War began in Europe the Third Carnatic War started in India. The British captured the French headquarters at Chandannagar in 1757.
British General Eyre Coote defeated the French army led by Count de Lali in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. In this battle, the French lost Pondicherry, Mahe, and Jinjhi.
The Third Carnatic War ended when the Seven Years’ War ended in Europe through the Treaty of Paris (1763).
Question 10. What were the causes of the failure of the French in the Carnatic Wars?
Answer:
Causes Of The Failure Of The French In The Carnatic Wars:-
The Failure of the French in the Carnatic Wars Introduction:
The Anglo-French rivalry which took place in Europe over the War of Succession in Austria also affected the Anglo-French relationship in South India.
These two nations got involved in three successive wars known as Carnatic Wars. The French were finally defeated in the Wars.
Causes Of The Failure Of The French In The Anglo-French Conflicts:
1. Faulty war policy:
The war policies followed by the French were highly defective. They did not unify their forces in the Deccan. Again, the army was employed in Hyderabad and Trichinopoli simultaneously. All these measures were faulty.
2. Internal conflict among the French:
The French army was weakened by the internal rivalry of the generals. The non-cooperation at Pondicherry and La Bourbonnais left India over the occupation of Madras destroyed the spirit and enthusiasm of the French army.
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3. Lack of efficient leadership:
The French generals like Lali and Dupleix were not as efficient as the English generals like Clive, Stringer Lawrence, Eyre Coote, and Sanders.
4. Lack of forces and resources:
Since France was involved in the Seven Years’ War, the French government could not help the French East India Company with much force or resources. So the French were too weak to win the Carnatic Wars.
5. Weakness of the Navy:
The British used their strong naval forces on the Western Coast to gather their necessary resources. On the other hand, the French did not have such a powerful navy and were unable to collect their resources even from their only naval base, i.e., Pondicherry.
6. Failure of foreign policy:
During the Seven Years’ War British Prime Minister Pitt himself interfered to protect the English colonies but the French were not at all bothered about their colonies. The French government took no initiative to help or defend the French colonies in India.
Question 11. What were the results of the Great Famine of 1770?
Answer:
Results Of The Great Famine Of 1770:-
Great Famine of 1770 Introduction:
A great famine occurred in Bengal in 1770 (1176 according to the Bengali calendar due to the long absence of rain and the massive destruction of crops. The administrative policy of the Company was largely responsible for this famine.
Results Of The Great Famine:
1. Socio-economic disaster:
The social and economic life of Bengal was very badly affected by the Famine of 1770. Almost one-third of the population died of starvation and the rural areas became almost depopulated. We get a very pitiful picture of the viciousness of the incident from the novel Anandamath by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
2. Agro-industrial and commercial crisis:
The farmers, weavers, carpenters, potters, and other laborers died on a large scale because there was a lack of adequate labor in agriculture and industry. So the trade of most of the products had almost come to a standstill. One such example is the ruin of the handloom industry in Bengal.
3. Deterioration of law and order:
The scarcity of food and money compelled the people to lose their morality and become corrupt. As a result, theft, robbery, and plunder became widespread. There was a total collapse of law and order and public security.
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4. Termination of dual government:
The British authority in England was greatly affected by the Great Famine in Bengal. So they abolished the dual government system and took up the administration of India directly under the Crown. In 1772 Warren Hastings was sent as the Governor General of India by the British government in England to manage the situation.
5. Abolition of the Zamindari system:
Many Zamindar families faced ruin due to the famine. The whole system collapsed due to increased taxes and scarcity of food.
Question 12. Justify the statement ‘The trader’s measuring rod became the scepter of the King’.
Answer:
The trader’s measuring rod became the scepter of the King;-
Introduction:
India had trade relations with European countries since ancient times. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English traders had come to India for trading purposes.
Among them, only the English established a colonial rule here. So it is said that the measuring rod of the trader got transformed into the King’s scepter.
Transformation Of Trader’smeasuring Rod Into King’s Sceptre-
1. Obtaining Faruksiyar’s Firman:
Murshid Quli Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, prohibited the British Company from carrying on free trade. As a protest against Nawab’s orders, the Company sent a delegation to emperor Faruksiyar in Delhi under the leadership of John Surman. Faruksiyar issued a Firman in favor of the Company in 1717 giving them data or the right to tax-free trade. They also got some additional commercial facilities. So the British Company became much more powerful than the other European trading companies.
They also made greater advances toward establishing their political authority in India.
2. Victory in the Anglo-French Wars:
Among the various trading companies that came to India, the English, and the French companies came into conflict with each other (1740- 1763) to protect their existence.
The French were defeated and lost all trading rights by a treaty and the English established their monopoly over Indian trade.
3. Victory in the Battle of Plassey:
The British put an end to the power of the independent Nawab by defeating Siraj ud Daullah in the Battle of Plassey on 23rd June 1757.
They now became the real power in Bengal. This. battle paved the way for British domination in India.
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4. Victory in the Battle of Buxar:
In the Battle actually an antagonist of Hyder Ali. Again, the Buxar the British, under the generalship of Hector Munro defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Suja ud Abdallah, and Shah Alam II on 2nd October 1764.
This victory enabled them to extend their power beyond Bengal up to Delhi.
5. Obtaining Diwani:
The English Company got the right to Diwani over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam in exchange for the provinces of Kara and Allahabad and an annual tax of 26 lakh rupees. When the English thus got the right to collect revenue they became a sovereign power.
The Company got irresponsible power and the Nawab got powerless responsibility. All these events together turned the English trading power into a ruling power.
Question 13. What was the relationship between the English and Hyder Ali?
Answer:
Relationship Between The English And Hyder Ali:-
Hyder Ali Introduction:
Hyder Ali started his career as a cavalry soldier but later became the ruler of Mysore due to his exceptional talent. At. first, he did not possess an anti-British attitude but wanted to maintain a friendly relationship with them.
Relationship Between The British And Hyder Ali:
Deterioration of relationship:
The relationship between the British Company in Madras and Hyder Ali deteriorated when the British developed a cordial relationship with Muhammad Ali, the Nawab of Arcot, who was
British turned against Hyder because he established a close relationship with the French. Ultimately an enmity grew up between Hyder Ali and the British.
1. First Anglo-Mysore War:
The First Mysore War began when Hyder Ali attacked Muhammad Ali, the Nawab of Karnataka who was under British protection.
At first, Hyder had to retreat but his sudden attack on Madras scared the Company and they were compelled to sign the Treaty of Madras in 1769.
According to the treaty both parties had to exchange prisoners as well as the captured territories. Moreover, it was also decided that the British would help Hyder Ali if he was attacked by any external power.
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2. Second Anglo-Mysore War:
It was agreed by the Treaty of Mysore that the English would help Hyder Ali if he was attacked by any external power.
However, they did not help Hyder in the battle against Peshwa Madhav Rao. When the British captured Guntur, Hyder understood that they were the actual enemy of Mysore.
So when the Anglo-Maratha War started in 1775, Hyder took the opportunity and formed the Mysore-Maratha alliance. He also involved the Nizam with them.
Now the Second Anglo-Mysore War broke out in 1780 and Hyder died of cancer during the War.
Question 14. Discuss the relationship between the English and Tipu Sultan.
Answer:
Relationship Between The English And Tipu Sultan:-
Tipu Sultan Introduction:
Tipu Sultan was an independent spirited ruler. So his relationship with the English was bitter from the very beginning.
Relationship Between The British And Tipu Sultan:
Anglo-Mysore Rivalry:
Tipu Sultan regarded the English as his enemy. In fact, he turned out to be the deadliest enemy of the British at that time.
He tried to resist the rapid expansion of the British empire in South India. He also sought the help of the French emperor and the Turkish Sultan to rout out the British.
The conflict between Tipu and the English:
Tipu understood that the British would try to attack and capture Mysore again. So he secretly started to strengthen his army by seeking and receiving foreign aid.
1. Third Anglo-Mysore War:
The British sent a proposal to the Nizam to form an alliance during the Anglo-French rivalry but they neglected Tipu. He was deeply offended and attacked Travancore in 1790.
Lord Cornwallis formed an alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas and proceeded against Tipu. So the Third Anglo-Mysore war broke out in which Tipu was defeated and had to sign the Treaty of Seringapattam in 1792.
By this treaty, he had to pay rupees 3,30,00,000 and pledge his two sons as security to the British.
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2. Fourth Anglo-Mysore War:
Tipu once again tried to fight against the British and sought the help of France and Mauritius. Wellesley sent an ultimatum to Tipu instructing him to accept the Subsidiary Alliance. When Tipu refused to accept the terms the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War broke out. The combined forces of the British under the leadership of Wellesley, the Marathas, and the Nizam proceeded against Tipu who fought with great valor. However, he was defeated in the battles of Seedaseer and Mallavally and sought shelter in Seringapattam.
Then the enemy seized the capital, Tipu died in the ensuing struggle.
Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Power Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System Short Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. Was dual government introduced in India or did the English Company establish a single government?
Answer:
1. Constitutional mask:
In the dual government system, the Company got Diwani, i.e., the right to collect revenue and
the Nawab got Nizamat, i.e., the responsibility to maintain law and order. However, the dual government system was merely a constitutional mask.
This is because the responsibility given to the Nawab was not fulfilled. Nawab Najm ud-daulah delegated all his powers to his chief rent collector Reja Khan who was completely under the influence of the English Company.
2. Imaginary arrangement:
The Company had also given the right to collect revenue from Reza Khan. Since Reza Khan was virtually a puppet of the Company, both the powers of Nizamat and Diwani went into the hands of the company. So the dual government system was actually a farce or an imaginary arrangement.
Question 2. What were the results of the dual government system?
Answer:
The results of the dual government system are
1. Ruin of industry and trade:
Through the introduction of the dual government system, the British East India Company used its right to free trade and established its monopoly in the trade of Bengal. This ruined the indigenous industries and trade.
2. Misery of the farmers aggravated:
The ljaradars or the revenue collection officials of the Company began to collect revenues from the peasants at very high rates. This increased the misery of the farmers.
3. Spread of corruption:
The officers of the Company became highly corrupt and began to exploit the people on the pretext of the Bill of Exchange and the construction of roads, dams, and bridges.
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4. Great Famine of Bengal:
The Great Famine that occurred in Bengal in 1770 was an outcome of maladministration in the name of the dual government.
Question 3. What were the main achievements of Verelst and Cartier who succeeded Clive?
Answer:
Main Achievements Of Verelst And Cartier Who Succeeded Clive:-
Achievement of Harry Verelst:
After receiving Diwani Robert Clive returned to England in 1767 and Harry Verelst succeeded him. His regime saw the climax of the evil effects of the dual government system.
There was widespread corruption among officials including bribery and personal tax-free trade. So he appointed some English supervisors to control the situation.
Achievement of John Cartier:
After Verelst, John Cartier became the Governor in 1769. He abolished the Amildari System and appointed more supervisors to check corruption. He also tried to restrict the power of Reja Khan. However, he failed to combat the Great Famine that engulfed Bengal in 1770.
Question 4. Give an account of Najm ud-daulah.
Answer:
Najm ud-daulah:-
Accession to the throne:
Najm ud-daulah was the son of Mir Jafar and his youngest wife Mani Begum. After the death of Mir Jafar on February 5, 1765, his minor son Najm ud-daulah became the Nawab of Bengal. The British Company compelled the young Nawab to sign a treaty on February 20, 1765 through which they received the Diwani of Bengal.
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Partner in dual government:
The Company established its authority over the politics of Bengal after receiving the Diwani.
Only Nizamat (responsibility of maintaining law and order and conducting administration) remained in the hands of the Nawab.
The dual government began to operate and being a partner of the system, the Nawab was unable to evade his responsibility.
Question 5. Discuss how Lord Dalhousie category raised the native kingdoms in India.
Answer:
1. Provinces created by the Company:
If the kings of these provinces died without heirs then such kingdoms would pass on to the Company. Moreover, these kings could not adopt anybody as their legal heirs.
2. Provinces dependent on the Company (Karad):
The kings of these provinces could adopt their heirs with the permission of the Company. If the Company did not grant such permission then the provinces would be included in the British Empire after the King’s death.
3. Independent native provinces:
The independent Indian kings could adopt heirs according to their own will and the Company would never interfere in this matter.
Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Power Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False.
Question 1. Mir Qasim shifted his capital to Munghyr.
Answer: True
Question 2. The French East India Company won the Battle of Buxar.
Answer: False
Question 3. The First Carnatic War took place in 1746.
Answer: True
Question 4. Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal after Mir Qasim.
Answer: True
Question 5. Najm ud-daulah became the Nawab of Bengal after the death of Mir Qasim.
Answer: True
Question 6. The first Treaty of Allahabad was signed between Nawab Suja ud-daullah and the British East India Company.
Answer: True
Question 7. The second Treaty of Allahabad was signed between the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II and the British.
Answer: True
Question 8. The right to collect revenue or Diwani was granted to the British East India Company by the Mughal Emperor of Delhi, Shah Alam II.
Answer: True
Question 9. Surman was the messenger of the French East India Company.
Answer: False
Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Power Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System Fill In The Blanks By Selecting The Appropriate Expressions From The Brackets
Question 1. The East India Company received the power of Diwani in __________ (1765/1768/ 1771).
Answer: 1765
Question 2. _________(Najm ud daulah/ Mir Jafar / Mir Qasim) was the Nawab of Bengal during the Famine of Seventy-six.
Answer: Najm ud Beulah
Question 3. _________ (Cartier / Verelst / Clive) was the Governor of Bengal during the Famine of Seventy-Six.
Answer: Cartier
Question 4. The Battle of Buxar was fought in _________ (1760/1764/1768).
Answer: 1764
Question 5. The Nawab of Bengal at the time of the grant of Diwani was _________ (Najm ud Beulah/ Mir Jafar / MirQasim).
Answer: Najm ud Beulah
Question 6. The Nawab of Bengal during the Battle of Buxar was _________ (Mir Jafar / Mir Qasim / Najm ud daulah).
Answer: Mir Jafar
Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Power Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System Answer In A Complete Sentence
Question 1. When was the second treaty of Allahabad signed?
Answer: The second treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765.
Question 2. When did the great famine of ’76 happen?
Answer: The great famine of ’76 happened in 1770 (1176 in the Bengali calendar).
Question 3. Where was the capital of Mysore?
Answer: The capital of Mysore was Srirangapattam.
Question 4. Who was known as the ‘Tiger of Mysore’?
Answer: Tipu Sultan was known as the ‘Tiger of Mysore.
Question 5. What did Suja ud-daullah get through the treaty of Allahabad?
Answer: Through the treaty of Allahabad, Suja ud-daullah regained the throne of Awadh upon payment of 50lakh rupees to East India Company
Question 6. Who signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802?
Answer: The treaty of Bassein between Peshwa Baji Rao II and the British East India Company in 1802.
Question 7. Which region did the British gain control of by the treaty of Lahore?
Answer: The British gained control over the Jalandhar Doab region by the treaty of Lahore.
Chapter 2 Rise Of Regional Power Topic B Battle Of Buxar And British Resident System Select The Most Appropriate Expla- Nation For The Following Statement
Question 1. The British company came into a direct conflict with Mir Qasim, the then Nawab of Bengal.
- The British traders misused the data for personal interest and to evade Nawab’s taxes.
- Mir Qasim ordered the British traders to leave Bengal.
- Mir Qasim demanded rupees fifty lakhs from the company which they refused to pay.
Answer: 1. The British traders misused the data for personal interest and evaded Nawab’s taxes.
Class 8 WBBSE History Question Answer
