WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Geography And Environment Chapter 6 India- Economic Environment Topic 2

Chapter 6 India- Economic Environment Topic 2 Industries In India Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Discuss the factors which influence the location of industries. OR, Which factors should be considered before choosing a location for setting up an industry?
Answer:

Industries cannot be established anywhere and everywhere on the earth.

The factors which must be considered before setting up an industry are discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The location of the industry primarily depends upon the type of raw materials that are being used in that particular industry. Raw materials are of two types—

2. Pure raw materials: The raw materials which do not lose weight during their processing into finished products are called pure raw materials.

Examples—Cotton, and jute. One tonne of cotton or jute will produce one tonne of cotton fabric or jute goods. Thus, industries dependent on pure raw materials can be established anywhere between the source of raw materials and the market as the transportation cost remains the same.

3. Impure raw materials: The raw materials which lose weight during their processing into finished products are called impure raw materials. For example— Sugar manufactured from sugarcane has less weight than that the raw material. So to reduce transportation costs, industries dependent on impure raw materials are established in the vicinity of the source of the raw material.

2. Water: Availability of water is essential for all industries for the industrial processes as well as for the workers. So industries are usually set up near waterbodies like rivers and lakes. Example—The iron and steel plant at Durgapur has been established near the Damodar river in West Bengal.

3. Power: Power is extremely important for the proper functioning of industry, especially thermal and hydroelectric power resources. For this reason, many industries in Europe and America have grown up centring the coalfields. In India also, there are many industries which have been built close to thermal and hydel power plants.

4. Transport: A well-connected transport system is required for sourcing the raw materials, taking the finished products to the nearby market or port (for importing and exporting purposes) and movement of labourers and other people associated with the industry. It is best to set up an industry at a location where the cost of transportation is minimum.

5. Availability of labour: The establishment of an industry requires an abundant supply of skilled and cheap labour. Availability of labour is such an important factor that Bangladesh has progressed in the cotton textile industry only due to the presence of abundant labour although an adequate amount of cotton is not grown in this country.

6. Market: An industry develops depending on the market demand for a certain product. Wherever there is a demand for a particular product, industries based on that product are generally set up.

Example—Although cotton is not cultivated in West Bengal, the cotton textile industry has flourished in the Hooghly region because of the large population which led to the high demand for cotton clothes.

7. Capital: Huge capital investments are essential for setting up an industry. An adequate amount of capital is required to buy the plot, set up the industry, buy equipment and raw materials, establish factory shade, pay the wages of labourers and provide a continuous power supply

For example—The cotton textile industry has flourished to a great extent in western India due to huge capital investment by Gujarati and Parsi businessmen.

Question 2. Explain in brief the factors responsible for the development of the cotton textile industry in Western India. OR, Discuss the causes of the concentration & of cotton textile industries in the Mumbai-Ahmedabad region. OR, Justify the concentration of cotton; in the textile industry in the black soil region of Western India.

Answer:

At present, there are many cotton textile mills concentrated in the western region of India (in the black soil region of western India) mainly in Maharashtra including the districts of Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Sholapur, Akola and Jalgaon and Gujarat including the districts of Ahmedabad, Surat, Bharuch, Vadodara and Rajkot.

The causes behind the concentration of cotton textile industries in Western India are discussed below—

1. Best cotton-producing region: The black soil region of Maharashtra and Gujarat is extremely suitable for cotton cultivation. Hence, the raw materials (i.e., cotton) for the cotton textile industry are readily available in this region.

2. Humid climate: Hot and humid climate of this region due to its proximity to the Arabian Sea is favourable for cutting the yarn.

3. Power resources: Hydroelectric power plants in Ukai, Kadana (Gujarat) and Bhivpuri, Khopoli, Koyna (Maharashtra); thermal power plants in Trombay and Nasik (Maharashtra) provide the necessary power to the cotton textile mills.

4. Nearness to ports: Three important ports of India-Mumbai, Kandla and NhavaSheva (Jawaharlal Nehru port) and other smaller ports namely Surat and Porbander are located in this region. These ports help in the export of cotton fabric and the import of raw materials and necessary equipment.

5. Well-connected transportation system: The Western, Central and Konkan railways as well as the National Highways 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 pass over this region thereby forming a well-connected transportation system. This transport network helps in acquiring f raw materials and sending the finished products to different parts of the country.

6. Capital: Wealthy Gujarati, Parsi and Bhatia businessmen have invested huge capital in the cotton textile industry. Apart from this, Mumbai being the ‘financial capital’ of India is advantageous in terms of acquiring capital for the cotton textile industry.

 

 

7. Easy availability of labour: Abundant supply of skilled and cheap labour is found in the Mumbai-Ahmedabad region as this region is densely populated.

8. Infrastructure: Suitable infrastructure required for the development of the cotton textile industry is available here which has helped the industry flourish.

9. High demand: There is a huge demand for cotton clothes in our country because of the large population. Also, the high demand for cotton fabric in foreign markets has helped this industry grow.

Question 3. Discuss the problems of the cotton textile industry in India and their remedial solutions.
Answer:

The problems of the cotton textile industry are discussed below—

1. Lack of raw materials: Long staple cotton (suitable for making the best quality cotton fabric) is not available in adequate quantities in India.

2. High cost of production: Long staple cotton is imported from different countries which have led to an increase in the production cost.

3. Old machinery: Most of the cotton textile industries have old and outdated machinery which produces low-quality fabric. This has ultimately led to a high cost of production.

4. Stiff competition in the global market: The sale of cotton fabrics from India is limited in European countries. India also faces stiff competition from other countries in selling cotton fabric to the global market.

5. Competition with synthetic fibres: Synthetic fibres such as rayon, nylon, polyester, and acrylic are popularly used nowadays to make different fabrics. This has, to some extent, decreased the demand for cotton fabric.

6. Irregular power supply: Sometimes inadequate power supply to the cotton textile mills hampers production.
The remedial solutions to the problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India are as follows—

1. Modernisation of the industry: The Government of India has set up the Textile Modernisation Fund which will help in replacing old and outdated machinery with advanced ones and implement modern technologies in the production process.

2. Cultivation of long-staple cotton: To reduce the import of long-staple cotton from other countries, it is being cultivated in the northwestern region of India with the help of irrigation.

3. Reduction in excise duty: As per the recommendation of the Joshi Committee, the government has reduced the excise duty on cotton-based commodities.

 

 

4. Use of automated power looms: Fully automated power looms are being nowadays in order to increase the rate of production and reduce the price of the finished product.

5. Establishment of the cotton textile export promotion council: The cotton Textile export promotion council has been established in order to facilitate the export of cotton-based commodities.

6. Establishment of research institutes: Many research institutes like Ahmedabad Textile Research Association, Mumbai Textile Research Association and South India Textile Research Association have been set up to focus on the betterment of cotton fabrics.

7. Establishment of the National Textile Corporation: The National Textile Corporation (NTC) has been established to revive the sick cotton industries by introducing new machinery and advanced technology.

Question 4. Briefly discuss the causes that have influenced the development of the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer:

The cotton textile industry in India is a flourishing industry and there are at present, many cotton textile mills distributed all over the country.

Cotton textile industries in India can be divided into four categories on the basis of their location—

1. Western region,
2. Southern region,
3. Northern region and
4. Eastern region.

The causes that have influenced the development of cotton textile industries in these regions are discussed below—

1. Availability of raw materials: Adequate amount of cotton is grown in the black soil region of India which is used as the raw material in the cotton textile industry. Apart from this, the southern states of India have taken initiative to start the cultivation of long and very long staple cotton.

2. Humid climate: Hot and humid climate prevails in the states of peninsular India, especially the southern states which are highly favourable for cotton cultivation. This type of climate also helps in cutting the yarns. Nowadays, a humid atmosphere is artificially created in factories using humidifiers.

3. Easy power supply: A number of thermal power plants and hydel power plants have been established in this region in post-independent India.

These power plants supply the requisite power to the cotton and textile industries. Examples—Ukai, Koyna in western India; Hirakud, Talcher, Bandel in eastern India; Bhakra-Nangal, Rihand, Bhatinda in northern India; Mettur, Sivasamudram, Nagarjunasagar in southern India.

4. Proximity to ports: The raw materials are imported and the finished products are exported through the various ports situated close to the cotton textile mills. Example— Mumbai, Kandla (west coast of India); New Mangalore, Kochi, Chennai (south coast of India); Visakhapatnam, Kolkata, Haldia (east coast of India).

5. Well-connected transport system: Numerous railway lines, national highways and other important roads have been linked in such a way that a well-connected transport system has developed in India. Thus, it has become easy to collect raw materials from different parts of the country and distribute the finished products all over the country.

6. Capital: Wealthy businessmen from the Parsi, Bhatia and Gujarati communities as well as several government and non-governmental organisations have invested huge capital in the cotton textile industries of India.

7. Cheap labour: India is a highly populated country. Thus the availability of cheap and skilled labour is a favourable factor that promotes the development of cotton textile industries in India.

8. High demand: There is a huge demand for cotton fabrics in both national and international markets. This has helped in the development of the cotton textile industry in India.

Question 5. Discuss the locational advantages of any two large-scale iron and steel plants in India.
Answer:

Two large-scale iron and steel plants in India are the Indian Iron and Steel Company (Kulti-Burnpur) and Durgapur Steel Plant (Durgapur).

The locational advantages of these two large-scale iron and steel plants in India are discussed below—

1. Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO), Kulti’Burnpur

Location: This iron and steel plant is located on the banks of the river Damodar in Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal and is connected by the Eastern Railway. The steel plant partially lies in both Kulti and Burnpur.

Establishment: The iron and steel plant at Kulti was established in 1870 and that at Burnpur was established in 1919 under private enterprise. In 1973, these two plants were brought under the control of the government of India.

Locational advantages behind the establishment of IISCO

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Raniganj (West Bengal) and Jharia (Jharkhand).
Iron ore	Gua; Noamundi (Jharkhand); Bolani, Gorumahisani, Badampahar (Odisha).
Limestone	Gangpur and Birmitrapur (Odisha).
Dolomite	Gangpur (Odisha).
Manganese	Gangpur (Odisha).

 

2. Availability of water: The nearby rivers, Damodar and Barakar meet the demand for water required for this iron and steel plant.

3. Refractory bricks: Refractory bricks sourced from coal mines at Raniganj are used in this plant.

4. Location of power plants: Power supply from the nearby thermal power plants at Durgapur, Dishergarh and Mejia provides the necessary power to the iron and steel plant.

5. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from the nearby densely populated regions of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal meet the demand of labourers required for this plant.

6. Well-connected transport system: National Highway 2 and the Eastern Railway help in transporting raw materials and finished products.

7. Proximity to ports: The ports at Haldia and Kolkata are within 230km of this plant. This helps in the export and import of goods necessary for this plant.

8. Demand: The rise in the demand for iron and steel in India as well as in other countries has created a good market for iron and steel-based products both in national and international markets.

2. Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur:

Location: This iron and steel plant is located on the eastern side of the Raniganj coal mines, beside the Eastern railway track on the banks of the Damodar river. Establishment: Established by government enterprise in 1956, but production started in 1962.

Locational advantages behind the establishment of the Durgapur Steel Plant:

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Raniganj (West Bengal) and Jharia (Jharkhand).
Iron ore	Gua, Noamundi (Jharkhand); Gorumahisani, Badampahar (Odisha).
Limestone	Gangpur and Birmitrapur (Odisha).
Manganese	Gangpur (Odisha).

 

Location of power plants: Durgapur thermal power plant provides the power necessary for the functioning of the plant and provides the water required for this plant

1. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal meet the demand of labour required for this plant.

2. Well-connected transport system: National Highway 2 and the Eastern Railway help in transporting raw materials and the finished products

3. Proximity to ports: Nearness of this plant to the Kolkata port (160km away) and the Haldia port (250 km away) provides opportunities for the import and export of goods.

4. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal meet the demand of labour required for this plant.

5. Well-connected transport system: National Highway 2 and the Eastern Railway help in transporting raw materials and the finished products

6. Proximity to ports: Nearness of this plant to the Kolkata port (160km away) and the Haldia port (250 km away) provides opportunities for the import and export of goods.

7. Demand: The establishment of heavy engineering industries in the eastern region of India as well as the high demand for iron and steel all over the world have created a good market for the finished products.

 

 

Question 6. Discuss the locational advantages of two iron and steel plants in India—one under the public sector and the other under the private sector.
Answer:

The locational advantages of two iron and steel plants in India

Two iron and steel plants in India, one under the public sector and the other under the private sector are—Bhilai Steel Plant at Bhilai and Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur.

1. An iron and steel plant under the public sector—Bhilai Steel Plant

Location: The Bhilai Steel Plant is the largest iron and steel plant in India and is located at Bhilai in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh.

Establishment: This iron and steel plant was a government of India initiative and had a collaboration with erstwhile Soviet Russia. It was established in the year 1956. However, the plant became fully operational in 1959.

 

 

Locational advantages behind the establishment of Bhilai Steel Plant:

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Korba (Chhattisgarh); Jharia (Jharkhand).
Iron ore	Dalli-Rajhara (Chhattisgarh).
Limestone	Nandini and Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh).
Dolomite	Hirri, Baradwar (Chhattisgarh).
Manganese	Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh); Bhandara (Maharashtra).

 

2. Availability of water: The Tendula reservoir situated close by supplies water to this plant.

3. Power resources: Bhilai Power Plant and Korba Thermal Power Station supply power to this plant.

4. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from the nearby region are easily available. This is because the industry provides employment as there is a minimum scope of employment in the agricultural sector.

5. Well-connected transport system: The South-Eastern railway connects the steel plant to Mumbai and Kolkata whereas National Highway 6 connects the plant to other parts of the country.

6. Proximity to the port: The Visakhapatnam port is only 570km away from this plant. This facilitates the import of raw materials and the export of finished products.

7. Demand: High demand for iron and steel in central and western India, especially for the development of heavy engineering industries in western India has helped in the growth of this iron and steel plant.

2. An iron and steel plant under the private sector—Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)

Location: The Tata Iron and Steel Company is located at Jamshedpur in the East Singbhum district of Jharkhand at the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. This is the largest of all the iron and steel plants in the private sector in India.

 

Establishment: TISCO was founded by pioneer industrialist Jamsetji Tata in the year 1907 at Jamshedpur.

Locational advantages behind the establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company:

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Jharia, Bokaro (Jharkhand); Raniganj (West Bengal).
Iron ore	Bolani, Barsua (Odisha); Gua, Meghahatuburu, Kiriburu (Jharkhand).
Limestone	Gangpur, Birmitrapur (Odisha); Purnapani (Chhattisgarh).
Dolomite	Sambalpur (Odisha); Baradwar (Chhattisgarh).
Manganese	Gangpur, Kalahandi (Odisha).

 

2. Availability of water: Ample supply of water is available from the river Subarnarekha and its tributary Kharkai.

3. Power resources: This steel plant has its own thermal power station which provides the necessary power resource.

4. Cheap labour: The highly populated regions of Jharkhand and Odisha are a source of cheap and skilled labour. As agricultural practices are not prevalent here, many people look for employment in the iron and steel industry.

5. Well-connected transport system: The industry is well-connected to the rest of the country by the South-Eastern Railway, and the National Highways 2, 23, 31, 33.

6. Proximity to port: The Kolkata port which is about 280 km away from this plant helps in the import of raw materials and export of finished products.

Establishment: The Bokaro Steel Plant was a government of India initiative and had a collaboration with erstwhile Soviet Russia. The plant was established in the year 1964 but it became fully operational in 1972.

 

Question 7. Discuss the geographical factors that have influenced the development of the Bokaro Steel Plant.
Answer:

Location: The Bokaro Steel Plant is located near the Bokaro coal mines in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand.

 

 

Establishment: The Bokaro Steel Plant was a government of India initiative and had a collaboration with erstwhile Soviet Russia. The plant was established in the year 1964 but it became fully operational in 1972. The geographical factors that have influenced the development of the Bokaro Steel Plant are discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

Raw Material	Place
Coal	Bokaro, Jharia (Jharkhand).
Iron ore	Chiria, Gua, Meghahatuburu, Kiriburu (Jharkhand).
Limestone	Bhawanathpur, Daltonganj (Jharkhand); Birmitrapur (Odisha).
Dolomite	Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh)
Manganese	Ganpur (Odisha)

 

2. Availability of water: Adequate amount 3 of water is collected from the Tenughat reservoir constructed over the Damodar river.

3. Power resources: The power required for this plant is sourced from the Bokaro and Patratu thermal power stations.

4. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from Jharkhand form the majority of the workforce in this plant. As agricultural practices are not prevalent here, many people look for employment in the iron and steel industry.

5. Well-connected transport system: This iron and steel plant is connected to the rest of the country by the South-Eastern Railways and National Highways 2, 23, 31, and 33.

6. Proximity to port: The Kolkata port, located 320km away from this plant facilitates the import of raw materials and export of finished products.

7. Demand: The establishment of heavy engineering industries in Jamshedpur, Ranchi and adjacent areas has created a huge demand for the finished goods of this plant.

 

Question 8. Discuss the factors behind the development of iron and steel plants at Rourkela and Visakhapatnam.
Answer:

Rourkela Steel Plant

Location: The Rourkela Steel Plant is located on the banks of the Brahmani river in the Sundargarh district of Odisha, along the SouthEastern Railway track.

Establishment: The Rourkela Steel Plant was established in the year 1956. It was a government of India initiative in collaboration with the German company Krupps and Demag. The steel plant became fully functional in the year 1959.

 

 

The factors that have influenced the development of the iron and steel plant at Rourkela are discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Jharia, Bokaro (Jharkhand); Raniganj (West Bengal).
Iron ore	Bolani, Barsua (Odisha); Gua, Meghahatuburu, Kiriburu (Jharkhand).
Limestone	Gangpur, Birmitrapur (Odisha); Purnapani (Chhattisgarh).
Dolomite	Sambalpur (Odisha); Baradwar (Chhattisgarh).
Manganese	Gangpur, Kalahandi (Odisha).

 

2. Availability of water: Adequate amount of water for the steel plant is available from the Brahmani and Sankha rivers as well as from the reservoirs of south Koyel and Mandira.

3. Power resources: The power required for this plant is sourced from the Hirakud hydel power station.

4. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from the nearby region are easily available because there is very less scope for employment in the agricultural sector.

5. Well-connected transport system: The South-Eastern Railways; East Coast Railways and several National Highways connect this steel plant to metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai and other parts of the county.

6. Proximity to port: The Paradeep port located 400 km away and the Kolkata port located 510 km away help in the import of raw materials and export of finished products.

7. Demand: The development of heavy engineering industries in eastern India has created a high demand for the iron and steel industry.

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Location: This steel plant is located on the eastern coast of India in Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Establishment: The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant was established in 1982 and became fully functional in 1990. This is the largest iron and steel plant in the southern region of India.

The factors that have influenced the development of the iron and steel plant at Visakhapatnam are discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Singareni (Telangana); Talcher (Odisha).
Iron ore	Kadapa, Nellore, Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh); Bailadila (Chhattisgarh).
Limestone	Jaggayyapeta (Andhra Pradesh); Badnapur, Katni (Madhya Pradesh).

 

2. Availability of water: India-Economic Environment water is available from the reservoir situated over river Yeleru in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.

3. Power resources: The power required for this plant is sourced from the Ramagundam thermal power station.

4. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labour is easily available from nearby areas.

5. Well-connected transport system: The East Coast Railways and different roadways connect this steel plant with the rest of the country.

6. Proximity to port: The Visakhapatnam port is situated very close to this steel plant and even the Paradeep port is just 550km away from here. This helps in the import of raw materials and the export of finished products.

7. Demand: The development of heavy engineering industries in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha has created a good market for the finished products of this industry.

Question 9. Discuss the locational advantages of the Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited (Bhadravati Iron and Steel Plant).
Answer:

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited (Bhadravati Iron and Steel Plant)

Location: The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant is located in Bhadravati on the banks of river Bhadra in northern Karnataka.

 

 

Establishment: This plant was established in the year 1918, but it became fully operational in 1923. In 1962, the Government of India and the state government of Karnataka took charge (400km away) to help in the import of raw materials and export of finished products.

Locational advantages behind the establishment of Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited:

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for this iron and steel plant and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Iron ore	Kemmanugundi, Bababudan hills (Karnataka).
Dolomite	Bhundiguda (Karnataka).
Limestone	Bhundiguda (Karnataka).
Manganese	Shimoga, Chitradurga (Karnataka).

 

2. Availability of water: The river Bhadra is the main source of water for this plant.

3. Power resources: The Mahatma Gandhi and Sharavati Valley hydroelectric power plants over the Jog waterfalls supply the required power to this plant.

4. Cheap labour: Skilled and cheap labour is easily available from the nearby densely populated regions of Karnataka.

5. Proximity to port: The New Mangalore port (210km away) and the Mormugao port

6. Well-connected transport system: The Southern and South-Central Railway and well-developed roadways help this plant to connect with the rest of the country.

7. Demand: The development of heavy engineering industries in western southern India has led to high demand for the finished products of this industry.

Question 10. What are the geographical factors behind the development of the iron and steel industry in West Bengal?
Answer:

The geographical factors behind the development of the iron and steel industry in West Bengal

There are two large-scale iron and steel plants in West Bengal—Durgapur Steel Plant in Durgapur and Indian Iron and Steel Company in Kulti-Burnpur. Apart from these, there is the Alloy Steel Plant in Durgapur which focuses on the production of special steels.

The geographical causes behind the development of the iron and steel industry in West Bengal are discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for the iron and steel industry located in West Bengal and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw material	Place
Coal	Raniganj, Andal, Mejia, Dishergarh (West Bengal); Jharia (Jharkhand).
Iron ore	Gua, Noamundi (Jharkhand); Gorumahisani, Badampahar, Bolani (Odisha).
Limestone	Birmitrapur (Odisha).
Dolomite	Gangpur (Odisha).
Manganese	Gangpur (Odisha).

 

2. Availability of water: Adequate amount of water is available from the nearby Damodar and Barakar rivers.

3. Power resources: Thermal power stations at Durgapur, Mejia and Dishergarh provide power to the iron and steel plants.

4. Well-connected transport system: The Eastern Railways, the Grand Trunk Road and the navigable canals constructed under the supervision of Damodar Valley Corporation connect the plants with the Hooghly industrial belt and the Kolkata port. This helps in importing raw materials and exporting and selling the finished products.

5. Proximity to ports: The ports at Haldia and Kolkata help in importing raw materials needed for the iron and steel industry and in exporting the finished products.

6. Cheap labour: Cheap and skilled labourers from the densely populated regions of Jharkhand and West Bengal are easily available.

 

Question 11. Explain the major factors responsible for the development of the Iron and Steel industry in Eastern and Central India
Answer:

There is a concentration of iron and steel plants in east and central India namely at Durgapur, Kulti-Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela and Bokaro (in the eastern region) and at Bhilai in central India). Apart from these, approval has been granted for a few more iron and steel plants in this region.

 

 

The factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industry in east and central India are plants in this region discussed below—

1. Raw materials: The raw materials needed for the iron and steel plants in east and central India and the places from where they are acquired are given in the following table—

 

Raw materials	place
Coal	East India: Raniganj (West Bengal); Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, Karanpura (Jharkhand); Talcher (Odisha) Central India: Korba, Sonhat (Chhattisgarh), Singrauli, Umaria (Madhya Pradesh).
Iron ore	East India: Gua, Noamundi, Chiria, Kiriburu (Jharkhand); Bonai; Gorumahisani, Badampahar, Sulaipat, Bolani (Odisha) Central India: Bailadila, Dalli Rajhara (Chattisgarh).
Limestone	East India: Birmitrapur, (Odisha); Bhawanathpur, Daltonganj (Jharkhand); Purnapani (Chhattisgarh) Central India: Satna, Kuteshwar, Katni (Madhya Pradesh).
Dolomite	East India: Sambalpur, Gangpur, Sundargarh (Odisha), Hirri (Chhattisgarh). Central India: Katni (Madhya Pradesh).
Manganese	East India: Gangpur, Bonai (Odisha).

 

2. Availability of water: Water required for this industry is available from the rivers Damodar, Barakar, Subarnarekha, Kharkai, Shankha and Brahmani. The Tendula water reservoir is also a major source of water.

3. Power resources: There are many large-scale coal-based thermal power plants in east and central India which supply the power necessary for the functioning of these iron and steel plants such as power stations at Durgapur, Mejia, Dishergarh, Wariya (West Bengal); Patratu, Bokaro (Jharkhand), Talcher (Odisha) in east India and Korba (Chhattisgarh) and Vindhyachal (Madhya Pradesh) in central India. Apart from these the Hirakud and Sileru hydel power plants also provide power resources to this industry.

4. Well-connected transport system: The presence of eastern and south-eastern railways and roadways like NH-2, 6, 23, 31, and 33 have allowed the iron and steel industry in this region to have good connections with the rest of the country. Thus, the transport of goods has become easier.

5. Proximity to ports: The Kolkata, Haldia, Visakhapatnam and Paradeep ports which are quite close to the iron and steel plants, have helped in the export and import of goods.

6. Abundance of cheap labour: Abundant cheap and skilled labourers are available from the eastern states of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha as well as from the states of central India namely Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

7. Demand: The development of heavy engineering industries in east and central India has generated a huge demand and hence, a good market for the finished products of these industries.

Questions 12. Discuss the problems faced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:

The problems faced by the iron and steel industry in India are as follows—

1. Lack of high-quality coking coal: Although India has good reserves of iron ore, there is a lack of high-quality coking coal, which is one of the most important raw materials required for the iron and steel industries.

2. Lack of capital: There is a serious lack of capital investment which is required for setting up new iron and steel plants and modernising and expanding the existing ones.

3. Problem of acquiring land: There is a dearth of land required for constructing new steel plants. There are also various problems relating to the acquisition of land.

4. Lack of advanced machinery: New and improved machinery have not been implemented yet in the existing iron and steel plants. This has led to an increase in the cost of production.

5. Lack of skilled labourers: Although cheap labourers are available, skilled labourers are not abundantly available. So the production rate per labourer is quite low

6. Problems of transportation: Lack of roads at par with international standards have posed problems in transporting raw materials and finished products.

7. Reduced demand in the national market: Demand for iron and steel is not always high in the national market. Hence, the iron and steel industries have to depend on the international market.

8. Dumping of iron and steel products: Many foreign countries dump iron and steel goods manufactured by them in India at cheap rates. Thus, companies in India are forced to sell their products at low rates, thereby incurring severe losses. This ultimately creates a financial loss.

9. Lack of refractory bricks: Availability of refractory bricks is not so easy and this has led to problems in establishing and maintaining furnaces and walls of the production units.

Question 13. Give a short account of the petrochemical industry in India.
Answer:

Petrochemical industry in India

The petrochemical industry nowadays is popularly called the ‘giant industry of the modern world’. Each and every product and by-product produced in this industry is useful for mankind either directly or indirectly. Many allied industries have grown up centring the petrochemical industry which is known as ‘downstream industries’.

Commencement: The petrochemical industry in India was initially started by Union Carbide (India) Limited in the year 1966 in Trombay. In 1977 a petrochemical industry was established at Hazira in Surat, Gujarat and in 2001 the Haldia petrochemical industry (at Haldia, West Bengal) first started its commercial production.

Raw materials: The by-products obtained while refining crude oil and natural gas are primarily the raw materials of the petrochemical industry, i.e., naphtha, methane, ethane, propane, butane, hexane, benzol, butadiene, ethanol, propylene, etc.

 

Finished products:

1. Chemicals— benzene, ethylene, propylene, carbon black etc.;
2. Different kinds of solvents;
3. Synthetic fibres— acrylic fibre, nylon filament yarn, polyester filament yarn etc.;
4. Polymers-Polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride etc.;
5. Plastic; fibre intermediates—acrylonitrile, mono ethylene glycol etc.;
6. Synthetic rubber.

 

Question 14. Discuss the factors that favour the growth of the petrochemical industry at a particular location.
Answer:

The factors that favour the growth of the petrochemical industry at a particular location

The petrochemical industry nowadays is known as the ‘giant industry of the modern world’. It produces numerous products that are used as raw materials in other industries.

Thus, it helps in the development of the subsidiary industries. Petrochemical industries are largely concentrated in the western and eastern regions of India. The finished products manufactured by this industry are—synthetic rubber, synthetic fibres, plastic, polythene, paints, life-saving drugs, pesticides, fertilisers, cosmetics and many more.

The factors favouring the growth of petrochemical industries at a particular location are discussed below—

1. Location of oil refineries: Petrochemical industries acquire their raw materials from the by-products obtained while refining crude oil and natural gas. Thus, the petrochemical industries develop in the vicinity of the oil refineries. The chief raw material of this industry is naphtha, based on which the downstream industries grow close to the oil refineries.

2. Availability of power resources: Easy availability of power facilitates the growth of the petrochemical industry.

3. Capital: A huge capital is required for the growth of the petrochemical industry. So huge capital investments are being made by the state and central governments as well as by rich industrial groups.

4. Advanced technology and technical skills: Advanced technology and proper technical skills help in the development o the petrochemical industry and increase the product output.

5. Demand: High demand for petrochemical products in the internal as well as international markets have boosted the development of this industry.

6. Skilled labourers: Skilled labour is essential for this industry for executing the production process.

7. Efficient transport system: Close proximity to the ports, well-developed roadways and railways help in the development of the petrochemical industry as import, export and distribution of goods become easier.

For all the above-mentioned reasons, the petrochemical industry has developed to a great extent in the western region (Trombay, Koyali and Vadodara) as well as in the eastern region (Haldia) of India.

Question 15. Briefly discuss the regional distribution of the petrochemical industry in India.
Answer:

The petrochemical industry in India is concentrated in four regions surrounding the oil The regional distribution of the petrochemical industry in India is discussed below—

 

Region	Place	Important facts
Western	Nagothana (Maharashtra); Vadodara, Koyali, Hazira in Surat, Dahej, Jamnagar (Gujarat).	Crude oil from the Cambay and Ankleshwar region, Mumbai High region and imported from the countries of the Middle East are sent to the refineries. These refineries, in turn, supply the requisite raw materials to the petrochemical industries.
Eastern	Bongaigaon (Assam); Haldia (West Bengal).	Naphtha obtained from the oil refineries in Bangaigaon, Noonmati, Digboi and Numaligarh in Assam is used as raw material in the petrochemical industry at Bongaigan. Naphtha from the Haldia oil refinery is used as a raw material in the petrochemical industry at Haldia. Naphtha is also imported from other countries as well. The petrochemical industry in Haldia has developed due to the joint initiatives taken by the government and private enterprises.
Southern	Tuticorin, Manali (Tamil Nadu); Mangalore (Karnataka).	The petrochemical industry in Manali was established in 1986. It mainly manufactures and exports propylene glycol and polyols. The petrochemical industry at Mangalore was established in 1988.
Northern	Payal, Panipath (Haryana); Auraiya (Uttar Pradesh).	These petrochemical industries have been established separately over about 5000 acres of land with the assistance of the India Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL).

 

Question 16. Discuss the problems and prospects of the automobile industry in India.
Answer:

The problems of the automobile industry in India are discussed below—

1. High production cost: The production cost of automobiles are quite high due to the use of old technologies and outdated machinery.

2. Increase in the cost of fuel: The poor quality of the roads in India as well as not-so-advanced automobile engines had led to an increase in fuel costs. This poses a major problem for the automobile industry. Apart from this, recent diesel and petrol price hike has led to a decrease in the demand for automobiles.

3. Changing government policies: The frequent changes in the different policies implemented by the government cause a major hindrance in the production process and expansion of the automobile industries.

4. Labour disputes: Production is often disrupted due to labour disputes and lockouts of the factories.

The prospects of the automobile industry in India are discussed below-

1. Open economy and license system: The introduction of an open economy in 1991, abolition of the Industrial Licensing, and the scope of 100% investment by foreign investors have facilitated the growth and development of the automobile industry.

2. Economic benefits: According to the Automotive Mission Plan (AMP) implemented by the government of India, tax is exempted for investments which are more than 225000 dollars. Rapid approval and processing of investment procedures and other economic benefits have positively impacted the growth of the automobile industry.

3. Low production cost: Investment by different foreign investors has facilitated the use of advanced and modern technologies in the production process. This has considerably reduced production costs which have led to a decrease in the price of automobiles. Different models of automobiles are being also manufactured.

4. Increase in the purchasing power of the people: The income levels of people in India (especially in urban areas) have considerably increased over the past few years. Thus, it is predicted that people will now invest their money in buying automobiles as their purchasing power has increased.

5. Development of industries manufacturing spare parts of automobiles: The development of ancillary industries manufacturing spare parts of automobiles like engines, suspensions, clutch etc., has helped in the development and expansion of the automobile industry.

Question 17. List the automobile and rail coach manufacturing units of India.
Answer:

The different automobile manufacturing units of India are listed in the following table—

 

Company	Manufacturing
Tata Motors Limited	units Sanand (Gujarat); Jamshedpur (Jharkhand); Pantnagar (Uttarakhand); Pune (Maharashtra); Dharwad (Karnataka); Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).
Mahindra and Mahindra India Limited	Nasik, Kandivali [near Mumbai] (Maharashtra); Haridwar (Uttarakhand); Bengaluru (Karnataka); Zaheerabad (Telangana).
Maruti Suzuki India Limited	Manesar, Gurgaon (Haryana).
Ford India Private Limited	Maraimalai Nagar near Chennai (Tamil Nadu).
Bajaj Auto Limited	Chakan near Pune, Waluj (Maharashtra); Pantnagar (Uttarakhand).
Ashok Leyland	Ennore, Hosur (Tamil Nadu); Pantnagar (Uttarakhand); Alwar (Rajasthan).

 

1. The difference rail coach manufacturing units of inia are
2. Perambur near Chennai, Tamil Nadu(Integral coach factory);
3. Mangalore in Karnataka ( Bharat Earth Movers limited);
4. Dumdum near Kolkata, West Bengal ( Jessop and company limited) and
5. Kapurthala, Punjab (Integral coach factory).

 

 

Question 18. Account for the concentration of engineering industries in the Hooghly industrial belt?
Answer:

The causes for the concentration of engineering industries in the Hooghly industrial belt are discussed below—

1. Initiative was taken by the British: During British rule, Kolkata was the capital of India till the year 1911. Hence, the British were concerned with the industrial growth in and around Kolkata for their own interests. Thus, different engineering industries started developing in the Hooghly industrial belt due to the introduction of modern technology from the west.

2. Capital: Kolkata emerged as a prominent banking and trading centre in eastern India. Thus, the requisite capital could be easily acquired from different financial organisations which led to the development of the engineering industry.

3. Cheap labour: Cheap labour is easily available from the densely populated regions along the banks of river Hooghly.

4. Availability of raw materials: The chief raw materials required for engineering industries are iron, steel and coal. These raw materials are acquired from the following locations—

 

Raw materials	Location of the industry
Iron and steel	Iron and steel plants in Kulti-Burnpur and Durgapur (West Bengal) and in Jamshedpur (Jharkhand).
Coal	Raniganj, Asansol (West Bengal).

 

5. Availability of water: The river Hooghly provides an adequate amount of water required for the engineering industries.

6. Availability of power: Sufficient power is supplied from power stations at Cossipore, Budgebudge, and Titagarh which are under the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Limited.

7. Efficient transport system: The Eastern and South-Eastern Railway and National Highways 2, 6, 34, and 35 connect this industrial belt to the rest of the country. The Hooghly river also is a major waterway in this region.

8. Proximity to the port: This industrial belt has developed quite close to the Kolkata port which has helped in importing raw materials and exporting finished goods.

Question 19. What are the causes behind the development of the information and technology (IT) industry In India?
Answer:

The industry which is involved in the collection, recovery, modification, improvement, analysis and storage of data for commercial purposes with the help of computer and telecommunication services is called the information and technology or the IT industry. Gradual advancement of the IT industry commenced in the 1970s and continued till the middle of the 1980s. However, the rate of advancement in this industry picked up speed in the 1990s in India.

The causes behind the development of the IT industry in India are as follows—

1. Skilled and talented workers: Indians are quite advanced where science and technology are concerned. There are several institutes for imparting technical education in India including computer training centres. Students from these institutions are easily hired by IT companies.

2. Global market: Countries in Europe and the United States of America outsource people from IT. Apart from this, information technology is nowadays widely used in the spheres of banking, railway and air ticket booking, telecommunication and many other sectors. Thus, the demand for the IT industry is increasing by leaps and bounds all over the world.

3. No land problem: Like other industries, ’ it industry does not need large plots of land to develop. A number of IT companies can operate from different storeys of the same building.

4. Infrastructure: The IT industry is an urban industry. The efficient transport system, ample supply of electricity, availability of internet and WiFi services and other facilities help in the rapid development of the industry in metropolitan cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata.

5. Government initiative: The state governments of India have provided extensive support to the IT industry by helping in setting up IT complexes, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) offering tax subsidies and providing financial benefits.

6. Capital investments: Multinational companies like TCS, INFOSYS, IBM, and WIPRO, have made huge investments in the development of the IT industry in India.

Question 20. Why no heavy engineering industries have developed in the Himalayan region?
Answer:

The reasons for why no heavy engineering industries have developed in the Himalayan region are discussed below—

1. Topography: The rugged and hilly terrain of the Himalayan region is not suitable for the construction of factory sheds. Hence, the development of the heavy engineering industry is difficult.

2. Lack of raw materials: Heavy engineering industries require huge amounts of coal and mineral-based raw materials. The lack of mineral resources in the Himalayan region hinders the growth of such industries.

3. Lack of water and power resources: The Himalayan region lacks a sufficient amount of water and power resources required for the development of heavy engineering industries.

4. Lack of skilled labourers: The Himalayan region is sparsely populated and most of the people in this region do not have adequate technical knowledge. Hence, there is a lack of skilled and technically sound labourers.

5. Inefficient transport system: The rugged terrain prevents the development of roadways and railways in the Himalayan region. Frequent occurrences of landslides often block the roads and isolate this region from the rest of the country.

6. Less demand: As the Himalayan region is sparsely populated, there is less demand for the finished goods of this type of industry in this region.

7. Lack of capital: The geographical conditions are not favourable for the development of industries in this region. Hence, entrepreneurs show little interest in investing in industries of this region.

8. Political disturbances and terrorism: Political disturbances in the hilly regions of north-east India and terrorist activities in Jammu and Kashmir have created a politically unstable environment unfavourable for setting up industries.

Question 21. Discuss the locational advantages behind the development of the petrochemical industry at Haldia.
Answer:

The petrochemical industry at Haldia is one of the most important petrochemical complexes in West Bengal as well as in eastern India. It is located in the East Midnapore district of West Bengal at the confluence of the Hooghly and Haldi rivers.

The locational advantages behind the development of the petrochemical industry at Haldia are discussed below—

1. Close proximity to the oil refinery: The petrochemical complex at Haldia acquires its raw materials from the nearby Haldia oil refinery.

2. Nearness to the Haldia port: The Haldia port plays a vital role in importing raw materials, crude oil and machinery and exporting the finished products.

3. Capital investment: The petrochemical industry at a particular location favours the development of ancillary industries in its surrounding region. Thus, capital is easily available from government and non-government organisations.

4. Cheap labour: The densely populated regions of West Bengal and its neighbouring states supply abundant cheap labour required in this industry.

5. Advanced technology: Highly advanced and modern technologies have been implemented in the production process. This has led to the production of high-quality goods which are in high demand in the market.

6. Other factors: Availability of land at cheap rates, adequate power supply, high demand for the finished products and a huge market both within the country and in foreign countries have helped in the development of the petrochemical industry at Haldia.

Question 22. Discuss the problems and prospects of the petrochemical industry in India.
Answer:

The problems of the petrochemical industry in India are discussed below—

1. The initial cost of setting up this industry is quite high for which large capital investments are essential. This hinders the growth and expansion of the petrochemical industry.

2. The industry requires continuous implementation of advanced and modern technologies. In most cases, these technologies are bought from other countries which are quite expensive.

3. The customs duty on petrochemical products is higher in India compared to other countries.

4. Sharp rise in the price of crude oil in the global market has increased the cost of production of petrochemical products.

5. petrochemical products are not biodegradable. Hence, wastes generated by this industry are causing environmental pollution.

The prospects of the petrochemical industry in India are discussed below—

1. About 600 different products are manufactured in the petrochemical industry, which is of high commercial value in the Indian market. Thus, there is a huge scope for selling these products.

2. The, problem of huge capital is being solved by collaborating with NRI investors and foreign organisations.

3. The petrochemical industry leads to the growth of many ancillary industries, which in turn, have created job opportunities for a large section of the Indian population.

 

Chapter 6 India- Economic Environment Short Answer Explanatory Type Questions

 

Question 1. Classify industries according to the sources of raw materials used.
Answer:

According to the source of raw materials used, industries can be classified into four categories which are as follows—

1. Agro-based industries: These industries use agricultural products as raw materials. Example—A cotton textile industry uses cotton as the raw material, the jute textile industry uses jute as the raw material and the sugar industry uses sugarcane as the raw material.

2. Animal-based industries: These industries use animal products as raw materials. Examples are—Dairy industry, leather industry, meat and fish processing industries and fur industry.

3. Forest-based industries: These industries use products obtained from forests as raw materials. Examples are—Paper industry, furniture industry and silk industry.

4. Mineral-based industries: These industries use minerals as raw materials. Examples—are the iron and steel industry, the cement industry, aluminium industry.

Question 2. Mention briefly three problems associated with the cotton textile industry of India.
Answer:

The three problems associated with the cotton textile industry of India are as discussed below—

1. Lack of long-staple cotton: India does not grow an adequate amount of long-staple cotton, which is required for making the best quality cotton cloth. Hence, long-staple cotton is imported from other countries, which increases the overall cost of production.

2. Old and outdated machinery: The machinery used in most cotton textile industries in India are old and outdated. Thus, both the quality and quantity of fabric manufactured are low, which in turn, increases the cost of production.

3. Faulty management and labour disputes: Faulty management rules and labour disputes often lead to lockouts and strikes in the cotton textile mills. This hampers the process of production.

Question 3. What are the prospects for the cotton textile Industry in India?
Answer:

The cotton textile industry has a very bright prospect in India. The prospects are as follows—

1. India is a highly populated country located in a hot tropical region. So the demand for cotton clothes will always be high.

2. The neighbouring countries of India do not excel in the cotton textile industry. Thus, they import cotton from India.

3. The use of modern machinery and improved technology will help in producing better quality cotton fibre in a short span of time. This may ultimately help in reducing the cost of production and finally the price of the finished goods.

Question 4. Why is Mumbai called the ‘Cottonopolis of India’?
Answer:

The cotton textile industry was initiated in India in the year 1851, by the establishment of the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company Limited.

Raw cotton cultivated in the black soil of the Deccan trap region, export-import of cotton through the Mumbai port, the Mumbai-Thane railway line providing a good transport network, high global demand for cotton, and cheap skilled labourers are some important factors which have facilitated the growth of cotton textile mills in and around Mumbai.

About 92 cotton textile mills were established by 1914. Presently, there are 57 running cotton textile mills in Mumbai. 30% of the total handlooms and 20% of the total spindles of the country are found here. So for all the above-mentioned reasons, Mumbai is called the ‘Cottonopolis of India’.

Question 5. Why Is the iron and steel industry Important for India’s economy?
Answer:

The iron and steel industry is known as the ‘backbone of all industries’. It is important for India’s economy due to the following reasons—

1. India is a highly populated country, there is a great demand for iron and steel for the construction of houses, railway tracks, bridges, motor vehicles, agricultural equipment, household goods and machinery for other industries. This huge demand for iron and steel makes it very important for India’s economy.

2. Being a large-scale industry, the iron and steel industry provides direct as well as indirect employment to a huge section of the population.

3. The finished products of the iron and steel industry help in earning a substantial amount of foreign currency which in turn, is beneficial for the country’s economy.

Question 6. Name the important iron and steel plants in India.
Answer:

The iron and steel plants of India are mainly controlled by four organisations namely—the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL), Tata Steel Limited and Jindal Power and Steel Limited.

The main iron and steel plants under these organisations are enlisted below

 

Question 7. Mention the favourable conditions required for the development of the iron and steel industry.
Answer:

The favourable conditions required for the development of the iron and steel industry are as follows—

1. Availability of raw materials like iron ore, coal and minerals such as limestone, dolomite, manganese etc. So iron and steel plants usually grow in the vicinity of mineral mines.
2. Availability of huge amounts of water. A site located near a water body which is also close to a mine is ideal for an iron and steel plant.
3. A continuous supply of power from a nearby power station is favourable for iron and steel plants.
4. Availability of abundant cheap and skilled labourers from local regions is also required.
5. A well-built transport system for the easy import and export of goods also help in the development of the iron and steel industry.

Question 8. Why is Durgapur called the ‘Ruhr of India’?
Answer:

Ruhr is a small tributary of the famous Rhine river in Germany. The Ruhr river valley has a huge coal reserve which led to the development of large-scale iron and steel industries, heavy engineering industries and chemical industries in this region. This region is called the Ruhr industrial region.

Similarly, in India, the Damodar river valley has huge deposits of coal which has led to the development of iron and steel industries, heavy engineering industries, and chemical fertilizer industries centring around the coal mines in Durgapur, Raniganj and Andal. Thus, Durgapur is called the ‘Ruhr of India’.

Question 9. Name three automobile manufacturing centres one each from three states of India.
Answer:

Three automobile manufacturing centres one each from three states of India are given below—

 

Question 10. What are the factors responsible for the growth of heavy engineering industries?
Answer:

The factors responsible for the growth of heavy engineering industries are as follows—

1. iron and steel are an important raw materials required for most heavy engineering industries. Thus, these industries grow near the iron and steel plants.
2. Heavy engineering industries can also grow in regions with cheap and efficient transport systems. This facilitates the acquisition of raw materials and distribution of the finished products to different parts of the country.
3. These types of industries grow in regions where power resources are easily available
4. The heavy engineering industries also grow in regions where advanced technologies can be easily implemented.
5. The growth of heavy engineering industries also depends on the presence of a suitable market for finished goods.

Question 11. What do you mean by the petrochemical industry?
Answer:

Petrochemical industry

The type of industry which uses the by-products obtained during refining crude petroleum and natural gas to manufacture different compounds is called the petrochemical industry.

The important raw materials of this industry are—naphtha, propane, butane, ethane, methane, hexane, pentane, benzol, butadiene, ethanol, propylene etc. The finished products of this industry are—synthetic fibres (polyester, nylon), plastics, paints, synthetic rubber, pesticides, gums, medicines, perfumes etc.

Several subsidiary or downstream industries have developed depending on the products and by-products of the petrochemical industry. Thus, the petrochemical industry nowadays is also called the ‘giant industry of the modern world’.

Question 12. Explain briefly three reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in western India
Answer:

Three reasons behind the development of petrochemical industries in India are as follows—

1. Availability of raw materials: Crude oil is extracted from oilfields at Mumbai High in Maharashtra and the Cambay-Ahmedabad region in Gujarat. This crude oil is then sent to the refineries located at Trombay, Koyali and Jamnagar. The primary and secondary by-products obtained during the refining process form the major raw materials of the petrochemical industry.

2. Proximity to ports: The presence of large ports with modern amenities (like Mumbai port, Kandla port, and Jawaharlal Nehru Port) in this region help in importing raw materials and machinery required for this industry and also exporting the finished products.

3. High demand: Many ancillary industries have sprung up in this region which has led to high demand for the finished goods of the petrochemical industry.

Question 13. Briefly discuss the role of transport in the development of an industry.
Answer:

The role of transport in the development of an industry

Transport is an important factor behind the development of an industry. A cheap and efficient transport system is essential for bringing in raw materials, types of machinery, instruments, power resources and labourers.

Well-connected transport is also needed for the distribution and sale of finished products throughout the country.

A well-developed transport system helps industries to grow at locations that result in minimum cost of production such as near the source of raw materials, near the market or at a location intermediate between the source of raw materials and market

 

Question 14. List the regions where railway locomotive manufacturing units have grown in India.
Answer:

The regions where railway locomotives manufacturing units have grown in India are given in the following table—

 

 

Region	Place and important facts
Eastern	1.  Chittaranjan Locomotive Works [CLW] (Chittaranjan, West Bengal): Diesel and electric locomotives; 2. Jessop and Company (Dumdum, West Bengal): Manufacturer of Electric Multiple Units (EMU); 3.  Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (Jamshedpur, Jharkhand): Manufacturer of meter gauge electric locomotives.
Northern	1.  Diesel Locomotive Works [DLW] (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh): Manufacturer of diesel rail engines; 2. Diesel Loco Modernisation Works (Patiala, Punjab): Modernisation of diesel-electric locomotives; 3. Rail coach factory (Kapurthala, Punjab): Manufacturer of rail coach, DMU, EMU.
Central	1.  Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited [BHEL] (Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh): Manufacturer of high-capacity electric and battery-operated locomotives; 2. Rail Spring Factory (Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh): Manufacturer of different types of springs.

 

Chapter 6 India- Economic Environment Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What do you mean by industry?
Answer:

Industry

‘Industry’ is the collective term for the activities involved in the conversion of forest-based agro-based and mineral-based raw materials into consumable commodities. For example—The cotton textile industry manufactures cotton fabric from raw cotton, iron and steel industry produces iron and steel goods from iron ore.

Question 2. What are pure raw materials?
Answer:

Pure raw materials

The raw materials which do not lose weight during their processing into finished products are called pure raw materials.

Example—1 metric tonne of raw cotton produces 1 metric tonne of cotton thread, which in turn, produces 1 metric tonne of fabric.

Question 3. What are impure raw materials?
Answer:

Impure raw materials

The raw materials which lose weight during their processing into finished products are called impure raw materials. Iron ore, bauxite, copper ore, and sugarcane are some examples of impure raw materials. Example—In order to produce 1 tonne of pig iron, the number of materials required are, 1.7 tonnes of iron ore, 1 tonne of coal, 0.5 tonnes of limestone and dolomite and other materials totalling an amount of 5 tonnes of raw materials.

Question 4. What do you mean by basic industry?
Answer:

Basic industry:

The industries on which the development of other industries depends or those industries whose output is used by other industries are called basic industries. Example—Finished products from the iron and steel industries are used in engineering industries. So the iron and steel industry is an example of a basic industry.

Question 5. What are ancillary industries?
Answer:

Ancillary industries:

When the finished product of one industry is used as a raw material for some other industries, the first one is known as the basic industry and the industries dependent on the basic industry are called ancillary industries. Example—The petrochemical industry at Haldia is a basic industry and the industries which are dependent on this petrochemical industry for the raw materials are the ancillary industries.

Question 6. Why is the cotton textile industry known as a ‘footloose industry’?
Answer:

The main raw material of the cotton textile industry is raw cotton which is a pure raw material. It means that an equal amount of (1 tonne) raw cotton produces an equal amount of (1 tonne) cotton thread which in turn, produces an equal amount of (1 tonne) cotton fabric.

Thus, cotton textile industries can be established either close to the source of the raw material, near to the market or in any intermediate region. It means that cotton textile industries do not show any particular affinity for growing up in a certain location. Thus, the cotton textile industry is called a ‘footloose industry’.

Question 7. State any two cotton textile industrial centres of West Bengal.
Answer:

Two cotton textile industrial centres of West Bengal are—

1. Serampore and
2. Shyamnagar.

Question 8. Name two agro-based and two mineral-based industries of India.
Answer:

1. Agro-based industries: Sugar industry and cotton textile industry.
2. Mineral-based industries: Iron-steel industry and cement industry.

Question 9. Name the raw materials which are required in the iron and steel industry.
Answer:

The important raw materials required in the iron and steel industry are iron ore, scrap iron, sponge iron, coal, oxygen and limestone. Apart from these, dolomite, manganese, chromium, nickel, tungsten and vanadium are also needed along with an ample supply of clean water.

Question 10. Why is manganese required as a raw material in the iron and steel industry?
Answer:

Manganese is required as a raw material in the iron and steel industry to produce better quality steel called ferromanganese. This type of steel is very hard, durable and resistant towards rusting and corrosion. Ferro-manganese steel can also withstand very high temperatures.

Question 11. Name two large-scale iron and steel plants in India.
Answer:

Two large-scale iron and steel plants in India are—

1. Bhilai Steel Plant in Chhattisgarh and
2. Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand.

Question 12. In which places of India did iron and steel plants develop under the Five-Year Plan?
Answer:

The iron and steel plants which have grown in India under the Five-Year Plan are—

1. Durgapur, West Bengal;
2. Rourkela, Odisha;
3. Bhilai, Chhattisgarh;
4. Bokaro, Jharkhand;
5. Vijaynagar, Karnataka;
6. Salem, Tamil Nadu;
7. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Question 13. Name four important iron and steel plants of India.
Answer:

The four important iron and steel plants of India are—

1. Bhilai, Chhattisgarh,
2. Bokaro, Jharkhand,
3. Durgapur, West Bengal and
4. Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

Question 14. Write a short note on TISCO.
Answer:

TISCO

TISCO stands for Tata Iron and Steel Company. It was founded by eminent industrialist Jamsetji Tata in the year 1907. This iron and steel plant is located in the Singhbhum district of Jharkhand at the confluence of two rivers—Subarnarekha and Kharkai. This is the largest private iron and steel plant in India.

Question 15. Why is the iron and steel industry called the ‘backbone of all industries’?
Answer:

Almost all industries are either directly or indirectly dependent on iron and steel plants. Iron and steel are required to manufacture instruments, equipment and machinery which are used in other industries. It is also required to set up the basic framework of different industries.

So progress in the iron and steel industry will have a positive impact on other industries as well. Thus, the iron and steel industry is called the ‘backbone of all industries’.

Question 16. Name two iron and steel plants, one of which has developed centring a coal mine and the other near a seaport.
Answer:

An iron and steel plant which has developed centring around a coal mine is the Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO), Burnpur. An iron and steel industry which has developed near a seaport is Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited or Vizag Steel, Visakhapatnam.

Question 17. Write a short note on the alloy steel industry.
Answer:

Alloy steel industry

The industry which is involved in the manufacture of different types of steel by forming iron alloys using one or more than one kind of metal is called the alloy steel industry.

Steel produced in such a way is strong, hard, durable, resistant towards rust and corrosion and can withstand high temperatures and pressure. There are three large-scale alloy steel plants in India —

1. Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant, Karnataka.
2. Durgapur Alloy Steel Plant, West Bengal,
3. Salem Iron and Steel Plant, Tamil Nadu.

Question 18. Name two iron and steel industrial centres of India—one under the public sector and one under the private sector.
Answer:

An iron and steel industrial centre of India under the public sector is the Bhilai Steel Plant in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh under the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).

An iron and steel industrial centre of India under the private sector is Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

Question 19. What is SAIL?
Answer:

SAIL

SAIL stands for Steel Authority of India Limited. It is a government enterprise that coordinates and controls the different iron and steel plants established by the initiative of the Indian government.

The large-scale iron and steel plants under this organisation are—Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur-Kulti, Rourkela and Bokaro. The alloy steel plants under this organisation are—Durgapur, Bhadravati and Salem. The headquarters of SAIL is in New Delhi.

Question 20. What do you mean by an industrial region?
Answer:

Industrial region

An industrial region is such a geographical region where several industries have developed simultaneously due to favourable physical, economic and cultural factors.

Availability of raw materials, market, demand, and cheap labour supply are some factors due to which there is an aggregation of industries in a particular location. Agricultural activities are seldom observed in such regions. Example— Hooghly industrial region in West Bengal.

Question 21. What do you mean by mini steel plants?
Answer:

Mini steel plants

Steel plants are usually of two types— integrated steel plants and mini steel plants. The steel plants that have a manufacturing capacity of less than 10 lakh tonnes annually and manufacture steel from scrap and sponge iron with the help of electric furnaces are known as mini steel plants. Presently, there are about 650 mini steel plants in India. Some of them are—

1. National Iron and Steel Company, West Bengal;
2. Andhra Steel Corporation Limited, Andhra Pradesh and
3. Mukand Limited, Maharashtra.

Question 22. Name two railway engines and one automobile manufacturing industry in India.
Answer:

The railway engine manufacturing industry in India is at Chittaranjan in West Bengal and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
The automobile manufacturing industry in India is at Gurgaon in Haryana. fibres (such as polyester, and nylon), plastic, artificial rubber, gum, paints, pesticides and perfumes.

Question 24. Name one petrochemical industry in eastern and western India.
Answer:

One petrochemical industry in eastern India is at Haldia, West Bengal (Haldia Petrochemicals Limited) and one in western India is at Vadodara, Gujarat (Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited).

Question 25. Write a short note on the light engineering industry.
Answer:

Light engineering industry

The engineering industries which manufacture small machine parts for other industries and also manufacture small electronic devices are called light engineering industries. Cameras, radio, television, watch, typewriter, calculator, fans are the finished products of this type of industry.

Question 26. Name one petrochemical industry in northern and southern India.
Answer:

One petrochemical industry in northern India is at Panipat, Haryana (Panipat Petrochemical Plant) and one in southern India is at Mangalore, Karnataka (Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited).

Question 27. Name one automobile industry in northern and southern India.
Answer:

One automobile industry in northern India is at Gurgaon, Haryana (Maruti Suzuki India Limited) and one in southern India is at Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Ford India Private Limited).

Question 28. Write a short note on the petrochemical industrial complex.
Answer:

Petrochemical industrial complex

During the process of refining petroleum, a number of by-products are obtained such as propane, butane, ethane, methane, benzol, ethanol, propylene, butadiene etc. Many industries, therefore, grow in the vicinity of the petroleum refinery which uses these by-products as their raw materials. Thus this conglomerate of industries collectively forms the petrochemical industrial complex.

Question 29. Why is the petrochemical industry regarded as the ‘giant industry of the modern world’?
Answer:

A number of by-products are obtained when crude petroleum is refined. This has led to the development of many ancillary industries near these refineries that are dependent on the by-products.

These ancillary industries use these by-products as raw materials. So the petrochemical industry is responsible for the functioning of many other allied industries. Thus, it is regarded as the ‘giant industry of the modern world’.

Question 30. What do you mean by the information and technology industry?
Answer:

Information and technology industry

The industry which is involved in the collection, recovery, modification, improvement, analysis and storage of data for commercial purposes with the help of computer and telecommunication services is called the information and technology industry.

This industry deals with the exchange of data digitally through electronic media. Proper infrastructure and production units are required for this type of industry such as computer hardware, software, semiconductor, internet, telecommunication devices, e-commerce etc.

Question 31. Write a short note on the heavy engineering industry.
Answer:

Heavy engineering industry

The industries which manufacture heavy types of machinery, bulky instruments and types of equipment needed for agriculture, mining, dredging, lifting etc. and automobiles, locomotive coaches and such other large appliances are called heavy engineering industries. Example- Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, West Bengal.

Question 32. Why do most of the petrochemical industrial centres grow in proximity to ports in India?
Answer:

India is not fully capable of extracting crude oil in such a quantity that it meets the demand of the huge population of India. Every year, about 83% of the total amount of petroleum required is imported from other countries.

The petrochemical industrial centres including the refineries have grown in proximity to the ports in order to save the cost in transporting crude petroleum to the refineries (from oil tankers that bring petroleum to our country from foreign lands) and sending the finished products to the port for export.

Question 33. What is meant by the engineering industry?
Answer:

Engineering industry

The industries which mainly use different metals as raw materials, especially iron and steel to manufacture various instruments, machinery and appliances are called engineering industries.

Engineering industries can be of two types—

1. Heavy engineering industries (like the automobile industry) and
2. Light engineering industries (like wrist watch industry).

Question 34. Why is the petrochemical industry known as the ‘sunrise industry’?
Answer:

The importance of the petrochemical industry is growing day by day as both refined petroleum (the major finished product) and other by-products of this industry have immense use in our lives.

The by-products are extensively used as raw materials in other industries. So, the petrochemical industry helps in the development of several other industries and is emerging as a fast-progressing industry.

 

Chapter 6 India- Economic Environment MCQs

 

Write The Correct Answer The Given Alternatives

Question 1. The largest cotton textile industry in south India is located in—

1. Madurai
2. Chennai
3. Coimbatore
4. Bengaluru

Answer: 3. Coimbatore

Question 2. Which of the following cities is famous for its cotton textile industries?

1. Jamshedpur
2. Visakhapatnam
3. Ahmedabad
4. Kolkata

Answer: 3. Ahmedabad

Question 3. The first cotton mill in India was

1. Maharastra
2. West Bengal
3. Gujarat
4. Tamil Nadu

Answer: 2. West Bengal

Question 4. The first cotton mill in West Bengal was established at—

1. Serampore
2. Dumdum
3. Ghusuri
4. Chandannagar

Answer: 3. Ghusuri

Question5. In which region of India do we find the maximum number of cotton textile industries?

1. Northern region
2. Southern region
3. Eastern Region
4. Western Region

Answer: 4. Western region

Question 6. Which of the following cities in India is known as the ‘Manchester of India’?

1. Mumbai
2. Bhavnagar
3. Ahmedabad
4. Pune

Answer: 3. Ahmedabad

Question 7. The city which is known as the ‘Manchester of South India’ is—

1. Chennai
2. Bengaluru
3. Coimbatore
4. Kochi

Answer: 3. Coimbatore

Question 8. Which of the following is an alloy?

1. Iron
2. Manganese
3. Steel
4. Aluminium

Answer: 3. Steel

Question 9. A large-scale iron and steel plant is located at

1. Ranchi
2. Bhilai
3. Bastar
4. Mysore

Answer: 2. Bhilai

Question 10. An important raw material of the iron and steel industry is—

1. Hematite
2. Limonite
3. Bauxite
4. Chalcopyrite

Answer: 1. Hematite

Question 11. Which steel plant was established after India attained independence?

1. Durgapur
2. Jamshedpur
3. Bhadravati
4. Burnpur

Answer: 1. Durgapur

Question 12. The iron and steel plant of Jamshedpur was established in the year—

1. 1905
2. 1907
3. 1912
4. 1915

Answer: 2. 1912

Question 13. The government-sponsored sponge iron plant is located at—

1. Kothagudem, Telangana
2. Durgapur, West Bengal
3. Bokaro, Jharkhand
4. Daitari, Odisha

Answer: 1. Kothagudem, Telangana

Question 14. TISCO is located at—

1. Bhilai
2. Rourkela
3. Burnpur
4. Jamshedpur

Answer: 4. Jamshedpur

Question 15. In which of the following places has the iron and steel plant developed near a coal mine?

1. Rourkela
2. Bhilai
3. Durgapur
4. Bhadravati

Answer: 3. Durgapur

Question 16. In India, the maximum amount of iron and steel is manufactured in —

1. Jamshedpur
2. Bhilai
3. Rourkela
4. Visakhapatnam

Answer: 2. Bhilai

Question 17. Which of the following is called the ‘Ruhr of India’?

1. Durgapur
2. Jamshedpur
3. Raniganj
4. Bokaro

Answer: 1. Durgapur

Question 18. SAIL is important—

1. Coal mine
2. Petroleum refinery
3. Iron and steel plant
4. Cotton textile mill

Answer: 3. Iron and steel plant

Question 19. Asia’s third-largest steel plant is located at—

1. Jamshedpur
2. Durgapur
3. Bhilai
4. Rourkela

Answer: 3. Bhilai

Question 20. The first iron and steel plant which was founded in the coastal region of India is located at—

1. Paradeep
2. Visakhapatnam
3. Chennai
4. Kochi

Answer: 2. Visakhapatnam

Question 21. The largest steel plant in India is located at—

1. Salem
2. Jamshedpur
3. Durgapur
4. Bhilai

Answer: 1. Salem

Question 22. The diesel rail engine factory of Uttar Pradesh is located in—

1. Kanpur
2. Allahabad
3. Varanasi
4. Lucknow

Answer: 3. Varanasi

Question 23. A petrochemical industry situated in northeastern India is—

1. Bongaigaon
2. Digboi
3. Naharkatiya
4. Haldia

Answer: 1. Bongaigaon

Question 24. The petrochemical industry has developed at—

1. Tarapur
2. Thane
3. Trombay

Answer: 3. Trombay

Question 25. Which of the following is famous for its petrochemical industry?

1. Kolkata
2. Haldia
3. Durgapur
4. Siliguri

Answer: 2. Haldia

Question 26. Which of the following industry is called a ‘sunrise industry’?

1. Information and technology
2. Petrochemical
3. Jute
4. Iron and steel

Answer: 2. Petrochemical

Question 27. Which of the following industry is considered the ‘giant industry of the modern world’?

1. Information and technology
2. Cotton textile
3. Iron and steel
4. Petrochemical

Answer: 4. Petrochemical

Question 28. The first petrochemical industry in India was established at—

1. Koyali
2. Vadodara
3. Trombay
4. Haldia

Answer: 3. Trombay

Question 29. The only shipyard located in West Bengal is—

1. Hindustan Shipyard
2. Kolkata Shipyard
3. Garden Reach Shipbuilders
4. BCC Shipbuilders

Answer: 3. Garden Reach Shipbuilders

Question 30. The National Instruments Limited is located at—

1. Burdwan
2. Kolkata
3. Krishnanagar
4. Serampore

Answer: 2. Kolkata

Question 31. The largest automobile manufacturing company in India is—

1. Ashok Leyland, Chennai
2. Maruti Suzuki India Limited, Gurgaon
3. Hindustan Motors, Kolkata
4. Tata Motors, Jamshedpur

Answer: 2. Maruti Suzuki India Limited, Gurgaon

Question 32. The chief raw material required for the information and technology industry is

1. Iron and steel
2. Coal
3. Man’s intellect
4. Power resources

Answer: 3. Man’s intellect

Question 33. Which of the following cities is called the ‘Silicon Valley of India’?

1. Kolkata
2. Bengaluru
3. Pune
4. Chennai

Answer: 2. Bengaluru

Question 34. Which city is known as the ‘Detroit of

1. Jamshedpur
2. Chennai
3. Mumbai
4. Gurgaon

Answer: 2. Mumbai

Question 35. Railway coaches are manufactured in —

1. Varanasi
2. Kolkata
3. Perambur
4. Bengaluru

Answer: 3. Perambur

 

Chapter 5 India-Economic Environment If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False Write False Against The Following

 

Question 1. Cotton textile is an important industry in Gujarat.
Answer: True

Question 2. The cotton textile industry is a type of agro-based industry.
Answer: True

Question 3. Tamil Nadu contains the maximum number of cotton textile mills.
Answer: True

Question 4. Bengaluru is known as the ‘Manchester of South India’.
Answer: False

Question 5. There are many cotton textile mills along both the banks of river Hooghly.
Answer: False

Question 6. In India, the cotton textile industry is known as the ‘Backbone of all Industries’.
Answer: False

Question 7. The iron and steel plant at Jamshedpur lies on the banks of the Damodar river.
Answer: False

Question 8. Weber’s theory regarding the location of industries and the effect of transportation cost is very important.
Answer: True

Question 9. The Durgapur Steel Plant is located along the banks of river Subarnarekha.
Answer: False

Question 10. The iron and steel plant at Jamshedpur has been built in collaboration with the government.
Answer: False

Question 11. The iron and steel plants at the Burnpur-Kulti region are dependent on the water of the Damodar river.
Answer: True

Question 12. Bhilai is known as the ‘Ruhr of India’.
Answer: False

Question 13. The only steel plant in India is in Salem.
Answer: False

Question 14. The chief raw material of the petrochemical industry is naphtha.
Answer: False

Question 15. Rail engines are manufactured in West Bengal at Chittaranjan in the Burdwan district.
Answer: True

Question 16. Diesel rail engines are manufactured in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
Answer: True

Question 17. The automobile manufacturing industry is an example of an ancillary industry.
Answer: True

Question 18. A petrochemical plant has been set up in Assam at Digboi.
Answer: True

 

Chapter 5 India-Economic Environment Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Words

 

Question 1. Cotton is best cultivated in________ climate.
Answer: Humid

Question 2. ________ is a leading state in the case of the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer: Gujarat

Question 3. ________ is known as the ‘Manchester of North India’.
Answer: Kanpur

Question 4. ________ is an example of pure raw material.
Answer: Cotton

Question 5. Dairy industry is________ an industry.
Answer: Animal-based

Question 6. The paper industry and furniture industry are________ examples of industries.
Answer: Forest-based

Question 7. A steel plant is located at________ in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Salem

Question 8. Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant is located at ________
Answer: Bhadravathi

Question 9. An iron and steel plant in Odisha is located at ________
Answer: Rourkela

Question 10. ________ is used to make steel harder.
Answer: Manganese

Question 11. Dolomite for the iron and steel plants in the Burnpur-Kulti region is sourced from ________
Answer: Gangpur

Question 12. The iron and steel plant of Jamshedpur is ________ located at the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and ________
Answer: Kharkai

Question 13. The largest concentration of iron and steel plants is seen in the ________ region of India.
Answer: Eastern

Question 14. The steel plant in Rourkela lies on the________ banks of the river
Answer: Brahmani

Question 15. The iron and steel plant at ________ was built in collaboration with erstwhile Soviet Russia.
Answer: Bokaro

Question 16. An important raw material of the petrochemical industry is________
Answer: Naphtha

Question 17. Maruti Suzuki India is an automobile manufacturing company located at in ________India.
Answer: Gurgaon

 

Chapter 5 India-Economic Environment Answer In One Or Two Words

 

Question 1. Give an example of pure raw material.
Answer: Cotton.

Question 2. Write the names of some important cotton textile mills of India.
Answer: Ahmedabad, Surat (Gujarat); Mumbai, Nagpur (Maharashtra).

Question 3. From which reservoir does the steel plant at Bhilai draw its water?
Answer: Tandula.

Question 4. Which industry is known as the ‘backbone of all industries’?
Answer: Iron and steel industry.

Question 5. What is the full form of SEZ?
Answer: Special Economic Zone.

Question 6. From where is the iron ore sourced for the iron and steel plant at Bhadravati?
Answer: Bababudan Hills in Karnataka.

Question 7. Where is the headquarters of SAIL located?
Answer: New Delhi.

Question 8. Name the oldest iron and steel plant in India.
Answer: Kulti in Burdwan, West Bengal.

Question 9. Give an example of an impure raw material.
Answer: Iron ore

Question 10. Name some of the raw materials of the petrochemical industry.
Answer: Naphtha, propane, ethane.

Question 11. Name a petrochemical plant located in
Answer: Vadodara.

Question 12. Where has the petrochemical industry grown in Haryana?
Answer: Panipat.

Question 13. Where is the real Silicon Valley located?
Answer: Santa Clara Valley in the United States of America.

Question 14. Name two cities in India where the information and technology industry has thrived.
Answer: Bengaluru and Chennai.

Question 15. Name some heavy engineering industries of India.
Answer: Automobiles, railway engines, large machinery, and generators.

Question 16. Name some light engineering industries of India.
Answer: Wristwatch, sewing machine, home appliances manufacturing industry.

Question 17. Name some important raw materials of the automobile manufacturing industry.
Answer: Steel, glass, paints, plastic.

Question 18. Name some electrical engineering industries.
Answer: Refrigerator fan, air conditioner.

Question 19. Where has the major IT industrial park been set up in West Bengal?
Answer: Bidhan Nagar (Salt Lake) in Kolkata.

 

Chapter 5 India-Economic Environment Match The Left Column With The Right Column

 

1.

Left column	Right column
1. Jamnagar	A. 1964
2. Bhadravathi	B. 1956
3. Bhilai	C. 1982
4. Bokaro	D. 1918
5. Visakhapatnam	E. 1907

Answer: 1-E,2-D,3-B,4-A,5-C

2.

Left column	Right column
1. Shipbuilding industry	A. Jamnagar
2. Cotton Textile Industry	B. Vijayanagar
3. Petrochemical Industry	C. Gurgaon
4. Auto Nobile Manufacturing	D. Ahmedabad
5. iron and steel industry	5. Visakhapatnam

Answer: 1-E,2-D,3-A,4-C,5-B