Chapter 6 Peasant Movement In India Topic A Peasant Movements And The Leftists Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Why is October 16, 1905, important in the history of India?
Answer:
October 16, 1905:
October 16, 1905, is important in the history of India because the Partition of Bengal took effect on this day. The leaders of the Anti-Partition Movement declared it to be a day of national mourning all over Bengal. On this day, Bengalis tied ‘rakhis’ on each other’s wrists and celebrated Raksha Bandhan Utsav as a symbol of unity.
Meetings were organised in different parts of Bengal where Swadeshi and boycotts of foreign products were proclaimed. Eminent Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore opened a Swadeshi shop, which sold indigenous products, in support of the movement.
Question 2 Mention two features of the peasant rebellion of the 19th century.
Answer:
Two features of the peasant rebellion of the 19th century:
The peasant rebellions, which broke out from time to time throughout the 19th century,
Had some common features-
[1] They started as religious reform movements, but gradually turned into movements of the peasants exploited at the hands of the Hindu zamindars and European indigo planters.
[2] These peasant rebellions were, however, limited to some specific regions, and were not widespread. These were spontaneous outbursts and were not well organised.
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Question 3 What were the causes of the peasant movement in the 20th century?
Answer:
The causes of the peasant movement in the 20th century:
During the first half of the 20th century, the peasants were greatly affected by the imperialist attitude of the British. Peasants were mercilessly exploited by the landlords. They were tortured for more revenue and this excessive demand caused immense suffering to the peasants.
They became prey to exploitation and oppression which forced the poor peasants to take up the path of violence and resistance.
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Question 4 What were the aims of the Non- Cooperation movement?
Answer:
The aims of the Non- Cooperation movement:
The Non-Cooperation Movement, which started in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,
Had three aims-
[1] Remedy of the Punjab wrongs done by the British,
[2] Vindication of the prestige of the Caliphate,
[3] Fulfilment of the demand for ‘Swaraj’ or self-government by the Indians.
Question 5 How was the All-India Kisan Sabha formed?
Answer:
The All-India Kisan Sabha:
The organised movement of the peasants began in 1929 after the worldwide economic depression which literally broke the backbone of the poor peasants.
In spite of this, the landlords and the moneylenders continued their torture. To vent the grievances of these peasants the All India Kishan Congress was formed, which later came to be known as the All India Kisan Sabha.
Question 6 Who presided over the first session of the All India Kisan Sabha? What was the objective of the Sabha?
Answer:
The first session of the All India Kisan Sabha was presided over by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati. The main objective of the sabha was to secure complete freedom from economic exploitation and the achievement of full economic and political power for the peasants and workers.
Question 7 What was the role of the peasants in the Anti-Partition Movement? Or, Why the peasants did not play any significant role in the Anti-Partition Movement?
Answer:
The peasant community did not play any significant role in the Anti-Partition Movement. The leaders of the Anti-Partition Movement did not call upon the peasants to join the Anti-Partition Movement.
The Swadeshi movement did not also advocate land reforms, distribution of land to the landless peasants and protection of the peasants from rental demands by the zamindars or indigo planters. In a sense, it can be said that the agitation did not centre around the issues of the peasant community.
Question 8 Why did the leadership of the Eka Movement change from Congress to Madari Pasi?
Answer:
Though the initial thrust of the Eka Movement was provided by the Congress and the Khilafat leaders, the leadership of this movement soon changed from Congress to Madari Pasi, a low-caste leader.
This was because Madari Pasi was not inclined to accept non-violence ideology. Due to the violent nature of the movement, Congress stayed aloof from the movement.
Question 9 What was the role of Baba Ramchandra in the peasant movement?
Answer:
The role of Baba Ramchandra in the peasant movement:
Baba Ramchandra gave leadership to the peasant movement in the United Provinces (present Uttar Pradesh). He became the leader of the Kisan Sabha of the United Provinces and built up a strong movement. Under his leadership, the movement of the Kisan Sabha merged with Gandhiji’s Non-Cooperation movement.
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Question 10 Why did Bardoli Satyagraha Movement start?
Answer:
In 1928, Bardoli faced famine causing crop production to suffer and leaving farmers in great financial trouble. The government of the Bombay Presidency raised the tax rate by 30% that year. The government refused to show any leniency in the face of the calamities. In 1928, the peasants of Bardoli in Gujarat started a no-tax campaign under the leadership of Sardar Vallabbhai Patel.
Question 11 By what name Fazlul Haq was popularly known? What was the symbol of his Krishak Praja Party (Farmer Tenant Party)?
Answer:
Fazlul Haq was popularly known as ‘Sher-e- Bengal’. The symbol of his Krishak Praja Party (Farmer Tenant Party) was the ‘plough’.
Question 12 Where and why did the Bakasht Movement break out?
Answer:
The Bakasht movement broke out in Bihar. Bakasht lands were those lands which tenants had lost to the zamindars during years of depression by virtue of non-payment of rent which they continued to cultivate as sharecroppers. The Bakasht Movement was against the eviction of tenants from Bakasht land by zamindars.
Question 13 In which regions of Bihar did the peasant movement break out during the Non- Cooperation Movement?
Answer:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement peasant movement broke out in Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur, Purnea, Munger, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Sitamadi, etc.
Question 14 In which session the Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of Non- the Cooperation Movement?
Answer:
In the Calcutta session of 1920 under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai, the Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Question 15 What were the different provinces in which the peasant movement broke out during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Answer:
The different provinces in which peasant movement broke Non- out during the Cooperation Movement were Bengal, Bihar, United Provinces, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Kerala etc.
Question 16 What is Hali System? Where was it practised?
Answer:
Hali System:
The literal meaning of Hali is ‘one who ploughs’. It is a kind of bonded labour system. A Haliya is an agricultural bonded labour who works on another person’s land. The Hali system was practised in Bardoli in the Surat region of Gujarat.
Question 17 What was the attitude of the Indian National Congress towards the Bardoli Satyagraha?
Answer:
In 1928, the peasants of Bardoli in the district of Surat in Gujarat started a no-tax campaign movement. The farmers were instructed by Vallabbhai Patel to remain completely non-violent. Many Indian members of the Legislative Councils of Bombay and across India resigned from their offices and expressed open support to the farmers.
Chapter 6 Peasant Movement In India Topic B Working Class Movement And The Leftists Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Mention two features of the working class movement in India in the 20th century.
Answer:
Two features of the working class movement in India in the 20th Century are as follows-
[1] The organisation of strikes by labourers-the industrial labourers was conscious of the effectiveness of strikes in fulfilling their demands,
[2] The workers on strike were supported by the eminent political leaders of the time.
Question 2 State any two major political decisions are taken at the Lahore Congress (1929).
Answer:
Two major political decisions taken at the Lahore Congress (1929) were-
[1] To start Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji,
[2] The demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence of India.
Question 3 What were the objectives of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer:
The Civil Disobedience Movement, started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930,
Had certain objectives in view-
[1] To end the exploitative and oppressive rule of the British in India,
[2] To attain complete independence. Gandhi’s objective was to save the country from violence, anarchy, lawlessness and terrorism.
Question 4 What were the programmes of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Party (WPP)?
Answer:
The Workers’ and Peasants’ Party (WPP) was formed in 1927. Communist leaders like Muzaffar Ahmed, S A Dange and P C Joshi took initiative in the foundation of the party which established its branches in different parts of India.
The programmes of the party were-
[1] Struggle for complete independence combined with active socio-economic policies for the toiling masses,
[2] Abolition of the zamindari Muzaffar Ahmed system,
[3] Protection of the interests of workers, labourers and peasants,
[4] Reduce the working hours of the workers,
[5] Determine the minimum wage of the workers.
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Question 5 Why did the British government start the Meerut Conspiracy Case?
Answer:
The awakening of the working class in 1928 was an important event in the history of the Indian trade union movement. The British government was alarmed at the growing unrest and introduced the public safety Bill and Trade Dispute Bill (1929), intending to subdue the communists.
In the wake of intense industrial unrest, the British government arrested several leading communist members including Joshi, Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Ben Bradley, Mirajkar and Phillip Spratt. They were brought under trial in the famous Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929).
Question 6 With what aim was the All India Trade Union Congress established?
Answer:
The All India Trade Union Congress was established in 1920.
[1] Its aim was to unite the labourers under one umbrella so as to strengthen the movement of the labourers.
[2] Another aim of AITUC was the betterment of the economic condition of the labourers.
[3] Its aim was to provide representation for India at the League of Nations International Labour Organisation.
Question 7 Why was the Workers’ and Peasants’ Party formed?
Answer:
The Workers’ and Peasants’ Party (WPP) was formed in 1927.
It was founded-
[1] To protect the interests of workers, labourers and peasants,
[2] To struggle for complete independence combined with active socio-economic policies for the toiling masses,
[3] To unite the different leftist parties.
Question 8 When and by whom was the Forward Bloc established?
Answer:
Forward Bloc was established in 1939 by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Question 9 Name the leaders against whom the Meerut Conspiracy Case was instituted.
Answer:
Meerut Conspiracy Case was instituted against leaders like Muzaffar Ahmad, S A Dange, Mirajkar, P C Joshi, Gangadhar Adhikari, Sibnath Banerjee, Dharani Goswami etc.
Question 10 Name two British Communist leaders of the working class movement.
Answer:
Two British communist leaders of the working class movement were
[1] “Benjamin Bradley” and
[2] Philip Spratt.
Question 11 What was the role of the Communist Party during the Quit India movement?
Answer:
The role of the Communist Party during the Quit India movement:
The Communist Party of India did not support the Quit India movement and advised the peasants and the workers to stay aloof from the movement. The Communist Party of India was banned at that time by the British government.
In order to get the ban lifted, as well as to help the Soviet Union in its war against Germany, it supported the British and stayed aloof from the Quit India movement.
