Class 9 History WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Salient points At a glance
Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9
1. The French Revolution of 1789 was the most important event in the history of Europe during the 18th century. It broke out during the reign of the Bourbon king, Louis XVI. He ruled France of his own free will and believed in the absolute power of the king.
2. The revolution was not just directed against the absolute monarchy but was also a protest against social injustice and economic exploitation.
3. The French society was divided into three main classes called ‘estates’- namely, the First Estate, the Second Estate, and the Third Estate. The members of the first two estates were exempted from paying taxes to the state. So the entire burden of taxation fell on the Third Estate. This unjust system of tax collection played an important part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
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4. In 1789, France became bankrupt. Louis XVI summoned the States-General, the representative assembly in France. The people’s representatives took the opportunity to seek redressal of their grievances.
5. Louis XVI wanted the support of the people’s representatives to levy new taxes. He failed in his mission and closed the meeting room of the States General.
6. The representatives of the Third Estate assembled at the nearby tennis court and took an oath to disperse till they had drafted a new constitution for France.
Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Class 9
7. The revolutionary ideas in France were preached and propagated by famous thinkers and philosophers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. They criticized the tyrannical rule of the king of France.
8. Influenced by the French philosophers when the constitution framers were busy preparing the constitution, a large mob attacked the Bastille, the state prison on 14 July 1789 and set the prisoners free.
9. The States-General assumed a new name- Constituent Assembly. It drew up a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The absolute power of the king was taken away and he was made a constitutional monarch.
10. In September 1792, a new body known as the National Convention met and drew up a revised constitution, abolished the monarchy, and declared France a Republic.
11. In 1793, the king was found guilty of treason. Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on a charge of treason. He was guillotined on January 21.
12. With the execution of the king, the supporters of the monarchy burst out in rebellion. Moreover, the Republican French government became involved in a war with monarchical countries such as Holland, Spain, Austria, and Prussia.
13. To save France from this critical situation, the French government unleashed a ‘Reign of Terror’ (September 1793-July 1794) which suppressed all opposition. More than 20,000 people were executed. With the execution of Robespierre, the Reign of Terror came to an end.
14. In August 1795, a new government is known as the ‘Directory’ came to power. Its authority was vested in a body of five Directors. There were now internal rebellions in France and the task of combating the danger was entrusted to Napoleon Bonaparte.
15. Napoleon Bonaparte was an army general who overthrew the Directory and assumed supreme power. His rise to power marked the end of the period which is distinctively called the French Revolution.
Class 9 History Question Answer WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions
Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers WBBSE
Question 1 What do you mean by ‘ancien regime’?
Answer:
Ancien Regime:-
The term ‘ancien regime’ (old system) is used to describe the conservative society and institutions of France before the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1789. Before the revolution, France was ruled by autocrats of the Bourbon dynasty. They believed in autocratic rule, centralized administration, the inherited privilege of the nobility, exploitation of commoners, and the support of corrupt churches, etc.
The rights of the king were absolute. He was not accountable to the nobility, the church or any institution of the state. All these were the features of the ‘ancient regime’. The ‘ancient regime’ was thus based on a medieval social structure. The French Revolution marked the end of the ‘ancien regime.
Question 2. How far were the Bourbon monarchs responsible for the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer:
Bourbon Monarchs Responsible For The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-
France was ruled by the Bourbon dynasty at the time of the French Revolution. The Bourbon monarchs believed in an absolute monarchy. There was, however, the States- General which was a representative assembly but its session was never summoned after 1614. Louis XIV carried the autocracy of the French monarchy to the highest pitch by declaring that ‘the state; it is myself’.
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The next king, Louis XV, enforced arbitrary legislation and involved France in foreign wars on his own whims. The next king, Louis XVI, was fickle-minded and failed to introduce necessary reforms. He failed to control corruption or to remove the privileges of the aristocracy. Thus the Bourbon monarchs were responsible for the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Mark True or False
Question 1. Calonne was the finance minister of France appointed by Louis XV.
Answer: False
Question 2. The entire burden of taxation fell on the First Estate in France.
Answer: False
Question 3. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in 1774.
Answer: True
Question 4. In 1789 the French Revolution broke out.
Answer: True
Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers WBBSE
Question 5. Marie Antoinette was the Queen of Louis.XVI.
Answer: True
Question 6. Clergy means the monarch who rules with absolute power.
Answer: False
Question 7. A monarch whose power is limited by the laws provided in the constitution is an absolute monarch.
Answer: False
Question 8. The representative assembly in France was called the States-General.
Answer: True
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Fill In The Blanks
1. The ‘ancient regime’ was based on a Medieval (ancient/medieval/modern) social structure.
2. The French monarchs were believers in the Divine right of Kingship(Divine Right of Kingship/democracy/ dictatorship).
3. Those who were supporters of the king were known as Royalists (Girondins/royalists/ monarchists).
4. The States-General in France met on 5 May 1789 after a long lapse of 174 (174/179/ 196) years.
5. The tithe was a tax on Religion (religion/property/salt).
6. The French Revolution broke out in the year 1789 (1788/1789/1776).
The French Revolution Class 9 Questions And Answers
7. The French Revolution broke out during the reign of Louis XVI (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI).
8. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in 1774 (1773/1774/1776).
9. Louis XVI belonged to the Bourbon (Orange/ Stuart/Bourbon) dynasty.
10. Louis XVI kingship (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI), the king of France said, “After me the deluge”.
11. Turgo (Rousseau/Mostesquieu/Turgo) was the Finance Minister of France.
12. The king of France Louis XIV (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI) said, “I am the state”.
13. Taille (Taille/Vingtiemes/Aides) was a religious tax collected from the peasants of France.
14. Gabella was a tax imposed on salt (tobacco/salt/wine).
15. Vingtiemes (Taille/Gabella/ Vingtiemes) was an income tax of the ancien regime in France.
16. ‘Ancien regime’ means the old system (old system/ new system/autocratic system).
17. The French (Italian/German/French) government supported the 13 colonies of America in their war of independence.
Class 9 History WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions
Question 1. What was the role of Voltaire in the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer:
Role Of Voltaire In The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-
Voltaire was one of the most important French philosophers who played a very significant role in the outbreak of the French Revolution. He wrote satirical articles against the evils and defects of the French government. He was twice imprisoned for his satirical writings.
The French Revolution Class 9 Questions And Answers
He rejected the supremacy of the church outright and held the clergy responsible for spreading blind faith among the people. He protested against the corrupt and luxurious life of the clergy and denounced the church as an ‘infamous thing’. He was against the religious dogmas of the priests. He vehemently criticized all kinds of oppression, exploitation, blind beliefs, and evil practices. He was an advocate of individual freedom.
Question 2. Who was Diderot?
Answer:
Diderot:-
Diderot was an important philosopher of France who contributed greatly to the outbreak of the French Revolution. He violently opposed all ancient institutions. In 1751 he edited an Encyclopaedia which had twelve volumes. estate Between 1751 and 1772 seventeen editions of this was published.
This encyclopedia gave birth to rationalism in France. He attacked the king’s autocracy, the privileges of the nobility and the church, the defective tax system, the slave system, and the blind faith of the French people. He was imprisoned by the French government because of his fearless thoughts and writings.
Question 3. How did the economic thinkers criticize the economic policy of the French government?
Answer:
Economic Thinkers Criticize The Economic Policy Of The French Government:-
The economic thinkers of France criticized the economic policy of the French government. They came out with new economic ideas. Economic thinkers like the physiocrats strongly criticized the mercantile doctrine and advocated free trade, free enterprise, privatization of trade, and industry.
Quesnay, the most outstanding of the physiocrats, and his professor Adam Smith were the spokesmen of the doctrine of free trade and the removal of state control so far prevalent in the field of trade and commerce (Laissez-faire). They came forward with a rational exposition of economic laws.
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Question 4. What was the doctrine of ‘Separation of Powers’ preached by Montesquieu?
Answer:
Doctrine Of ‘Separation Of Powers’ Preached By Montesquieu:-
Montesquieu preached the doctrine of Separation of Powers instead of concentrating the powers in the hands of the monarch. According to him, a king will be tyrannical if he concentrates in his hands, the three organs of government the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature. He suggested that the three organs of government must be independent of each other.
Question 5. Who were the ‘sans-culottes’?
Answer:
‘Sans-Culottes’:-
The ‘sans-culottes’ belonged to the third of French society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as pastry cooks, shoemakers, printers, watchmakers as well as daily wage-earners and servants.
They used to wear long-striped trousers. This was to differentiate them from the fashionable groups in French society, especially nobles who wore knee breeches. They wore, in addition, the red cap that symbolized liberty. Food riots were started by them. On 10 August 1792, they attacked and entered the Royal Palace at Tuileries.
Question 6. What was the position of the bourgeoisie in French society?
Answer:
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers In English
French society was divided into two classes-
[1] The privileged and
[2] The unprivileged.
The ‘bourgeoisie’ belonged to the unprivileged class. The bourgeoisie or the middle class was rich and consisted of lawyers, philosophers physicians, and professors. Heavy taxes were levied on them by the government but they did not enjoy any privileges such as those enjoyed by the aristocracy. They were not appointed to any high posts in spite of their capability and so they were discontented.
They were determined to go to any extent to bring liberty and equality in society and the way they chose was to bring down the aristocratic privileges. The French Revolution was really led by the bourgeoisie for it was they who organized the people and inspired them to revolt.
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Mark True or False
Question 1. Denis Diderot was a French Encyclopaedist.
Answer: True
Question 2. Quesnay was the spokesman of the doctrine of Laissez-faire.
Answer: True
Question 3. The most outstanding composition of Voltaire was the ‘Persian Letters’.
Answer: False
Question 4. In France, the clergy belonged to the third estate.
Answer: False
Question 5. The church paid a voluntary tax to the government if they were willed by the Contract of Posey.
Answer: True
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers In English
Question 6. The aristocracy and landlords in France formed the Third Estate.
Answer: False
Question 7. Economic historians refute the theory of philosophy playing a considerable part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Answer: True
Question 8. The French philosophers did not directly preach for revolution, rather they wanted reform of the old order.
Answer: True
Question 9. The physiocrats did not advocate free trade and privatization of industry and trade.
Answer: False
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Question 10. Scattered peasant revolts and food riots by sans-culottes due to scarcity of food supply started in 1787:
Answer: True
Question 11. Rousseau in his famous book ‘The Spirit of Laws’ attacked the divine right of kings.
Answer: False
Question 12. The ‘Persian Letters’ was written by Montesquieu.
Answer: True
Question 13. The three organs of government are the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature.
Answer: True
Question 14. Montesquieu suggested that the three organs of government must be independent of each other.
Answer: True
Question 15. ‘Discourses on the Origin of Inequality’ was written by Quesnay.
Answer: False
Class 9 History Book West Bengal Board WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Fill In The Blanks
History Of Modern Europe Class 9 Solutions
1. The French Revolution began with the revolt of the aristocrats (peasants/aristocrats/ philosophers).
2. The Council of Notables was a body the members of which were nominated by the king (king/aristocrats/finance minister).
3. Aristocratic Revolt was the clash between the aristocrats (nobles/Parliament/aristocrats) and the royal government.
4. Calonne was the finance minister of Louis XVI (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI).
5. Encyclopaedia was edited by Denis Diderot (Quesnay/Denis Diderot/Rousseau).
6. Laissez-faire means free trade (parliament/clericalism/free trade).
7. The author of the book ‘Social Contract’ was Rousseau (Denis Diderot/Montesquieu/Rousseau).
8. The clergy in France belonged to the first (third/first/second) estate.
9. Third (Second/First/Third) estate was deprived of all rights and privileges.
Class 9th History Chapter 1 Question Answer WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Choose The Best Explanation
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Question 1. The aristocrats of France revolted. Explanation A: The privilege of not paying any tax was taken away.
1. The privilege of not paying any tax was taken away.
2. They were not allowed to speak in the States- General.
3. They were not appointed to high posts.
Answer: 1. The privilege of not paying any tax was taken away.
Question 2. Montesquieu demanded the separation of powers.
1. It is required to control the autocratic monarchy.
2. It is required to abolish the claims of the aristocracy.
3. It is required to rule according to the wish of the people.
Answer: 1. It is required to control the autocratic monarchy.
Question 3. The people of the third estate hated the aristocracy.
1. The aristocracy unjustly enjoyed special privileges.
2. The aristocrats were spies of an enemy state.
3. The population of third estates was large.
Answer: 1. The aristocracy unjustly enjoyed special privileges.
The French Revolution Class 9 Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic A France: A Political Prison and a Museum of Economic Errors Choose The Best Explanation
History Of Modern Europe Class 9 Solutions
Question 1. The French Revolution broke out in 1789 because of-
1. The excesses of king Louis XVI
2. Social causes
3. A combination of social, economic, political, and intellectual causes.
Answer: 3. A combination of social, economic, political, and intellectual causes.
Question 2. In 1789, Louis XVI summoned the States-General.
1. France became bankrupt.
2. The Third Estate assembled at Tennis Court to draft a new constitution.
3. A large mob attacked Bastille.
Answer: 1. France became bankrupt.
Question 3. On the eve of the French Revolution, the financial condition of France was miserable.
1. The unjust system of tax collection emptied the treasury of France.
2. The foreign powers looted the wealth of France.
3. France’s involvement in the War of Austrian Succession and in the Seven years’ War drained her treasury.
Answer: 3. France’s involvement in the War of Austrian Succession and in the Seven years’ War drained her treasury.
Question 4. Statement: The unjust system of tax collection played an important part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
1. The entire burden of taxation fell on the First Estate.
2. The entire burden of taxation fell on the first two estates.
3. The entire burden of taxation fell on the Third Estate only.
Answer: 3. The entire burden of taxation fell on the Third Estate only.
Class 9th History Chapter 1 Question Answer WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic C Fall of Bastille, Popular Revolt and the Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity Analytical Answer (AA) Type Questions
History Of Modern Europe Class 9 Solutions WBBSE
Question 1. What was the ‘Tennis Court Oath’?
Answer:
‘Tennis Court Oath’:-
The States-General, an assembly that drafted and passed legislation in France, was summoned by Louis XVI on 12 June 1789. The conflict started with the voting system of the States-General. The nobles and the priests. wanted voting by order while the members of the third estate demanded that votes should be counted individually and the States-General should be recognized as the National Assembly of France.
On 20 June 1789 the king closed the meeting room of the Third Estate and posted armed soldiers at the entrance. When the representatives of the third estate reached the meeting hall, they were stunned to see the doors shut. So they assembled at the nearby tennis court and took an oath not to move from there until they had prepared a new constitution for the country. At last, the king agreed to the proposal of one vote per head.
Question 2. What rumor spread in Paris on the morning of 14 July 1789? What was the reaction of the people?
Answer: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of the city of Paris were in a state of alarm. The king ordered his troops to move into the city. Rumours spread among the people that he would soon order his army to open fire upon the citizens.
As a result about 7000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form people’s militia. A group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city of Paris and stormed the fortress prison, the Bastille in the hope of finding hoarded ammunition. The angry mob stormed the Bastille.
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Question 3. Give an account of King Louis XVI’s the legislative body and judiciary. attempt to escape from France.
Answer: Mirabeau, the ablest leader in the National Assembly, had a good relationship with king Louis XVI. Mirabeau died in 1791 and the king became very perturbed.
In the meantime, other European monarchs were preparing to attack France. Louis XVI, with a view to reestablishing autocracy in France, tried to escape to Austria along with his family on the night of 21 June 1791. King Leopold of Austria was the brother of the queen of France. Unfortunately, their attempt failed. They were captured in the village Vannes, and brought back to Paris under great insult.
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Question 4. How did the French Constituent Assembly limit the powers of the king?
Answer: The Constituent Assembly declared France to be a constitutional monarchy.
[1] The king lost his divine right of kingship. He was treated as the ‘first servant of the state’ and became a salaried head of the state.
[2] He became the head of the administrative or executive department according to the doctrine of separation of powers.
[3] He did not have any power to wage war or to make treaties with any country.
[4] He lost control over the provincial governments as well.
[5] He lost his earlier right of exercising control over
Question 5. What was said in the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen’?
Answer:
‘Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen’:-
On 26 August 1789 the French Constituent Assembly drew up a ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen’. It said-
[1] All men are born free, remain free, and have equal rights.
[2] All citizens are equal in the eyes of law.
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[3] The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation.
[4] Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which does not harm others.
[5] The right to property is a sacred law. The property of any person cannot be usurped without payment of proper compensation.
[6] Rights consist in expressing a free opinion, freedom of the individual, and freedom of religious belief.
[7] No individual shall exploit others.
[8] No one can be arrested or imprisoned by the police” unless proved guilty in the eyes of law. In short, the declaration emphasized the three basic principles of the French Revolution Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
Question 6. When and how was the feudal system every house was searched. Any person abolished in France?
Answer: On 4 August 1789 the French Constituent Assembly issued a declaration which abolished feudalism from France. The declaration was as follows:
[1] Henceforth feudalism with all its privileges would be abolished.
[2] The feudal class would lose all its inherited social and political privileges.
[3] The church taxes like tithes and others of ecclesiastical privileges were to be renounced.
[4] The serf system, all forms of feudal taxes, forced labor or corvee, and manorial system were to be abolished. But feudalism could not be abolished totally. The nobles and the clergy retained some of their privileges.
Question 7. Describe the revolt of the peasants in rural France after the fall of the Bastille.
Answer:
Revolt Of The Peasants In Rural France After The Fall Of The Bastille:-
After the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, the peasants of France who had been suffering under feudal tyranny rose in revolt. They burnt the houses of the landlords as well as the churches. They destroyed the manor houses and burnt the documents containing records of manorial dues. Manor officials were also murdered. Manorial lands were forcibly occupied and rich peasants were driven out.
There were rumours that the landlords of the manors had hired people to destroy the ripened crops. This caused panic among the peasants who attacked the castles of noblemen. They looted hoarded grains from the market. As a result, a large number of nobles fled their homes and migrated to neighboring countries.
Question 8. What is the ‘September Massacre’?
Answer:
‘September Massacre’:-
The leaders of the Jacobins including Marat and Danton began the hunt for the enemies of the French Revolution. They began to kill the royalists who were in jails. Each and every house was searched. Any person suspected to be a supporter of the king was at once put to death.
This massacre continued from 2 September to 6 September 1792. About 1600 people were murdered during this period. This act of murder by the Jacobins was extremely hateful and unjust.
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Question 9. Write a short note on the leaders of the French Revolution.
Answer:
Leaders Of The French Revolution:-
The leaders of the French Revolution mostly came from the middle classes in France. The first man who distinguished himself in the States Assembly was Comte de Mirabeau who, however, belonged to the nobility. He persuaded king Louis XVI to set up a constitutional monarchy in France. The section of the radical democrats in the Assembly were led by Marat and Danton.
They crushed all opposition by taking the Revolution through a Reign of Terror. Another distinguished leader of the early nineties was Robespierre. He played the most important part in bringing Louis XVI to trial, declaring that the king ‘must die so that the country may live’.
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Question 10. What do you mean by ‘The Revolutionary Tribunal’ introduced during the Reign of Terror?
Answer:
‘The Revolutionary Tribunal’ Introduced During The Reign Of Terror:-
One of the instruments of the Reign of Terror was the Revolutionary Tribunal. The judges of this Tribunal were appointed by the Committee of Public Safety. The function of the Revolutionary Tribunal was to punish persons held under the Law of Suspects. Nobody could appeal against the decision of this court.
Justice was almost always denied as the judges were directed to give their decisions hastily without going deep into the case. Thousands of men and women were guillotined according to the judgements of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the Reign of Terror.
Question 11. What was the ‘Law of Suspects’?
Answer:
Law Of Suspects:-
The ‘Law of Suspects’ was one of the instruments through which the Committee of Public Safety executed the Reign of Terror. This law empowered the police to arrest any individual on mere suspicion of anti-revolutionary activities. The suspected persons were then sent for trial. Not one of the persons sent for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal was declared innocent-each and every one of them was sent to the guillotine.
Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic C Fall of Bastille, Popular Revolt and the Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity Mark True Or False
Question 1. The Third Estate of the States-General demanded the introduction of vote per order.
Answer: False
Question 2. The Tennis Court Oath was taken by the representatives of the First Estate.
Answer: False
Question 3. In 1789 the French Constituent Assembly issued a declaration which abolished feudalism in France.
Answer: True
Question 4. The Constituent Assembly granted the right to vote to men of property.
Answer: True
Question 5. Those Frenchmen who paid income tax or property tax equal to three days’ income were marked as passive citizens.
Answer: False
Question 6. Louis XVI entered into a secret negotiation with the king of Prussia.
Answer: True
Question 7. The Bill of Rights of England (1689) was taken as a model to prepare the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Answer: True
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Question 8. The members of the Jacobin Club belonged mainly to the prosperous section of society.
Answer: False
Question 9. The only party which initiated the Reign of Terror was the Jacobin Party.
Answer: False
Question 10. One of the positive outcomes of the Reign of Terror was the abolition of slavery.
Answer: True
Question 11. Under the Directory French effort was directed against America.
Answer: False
Question 12. The French Revolution developed the idea of dictatorship in France.
Answer: False
Class 9 History Chapter 1 WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic C Fall of Bastille, Popular Revolt and the Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity Fill In The Blanks
1. The Tennis Court Oath was taken in 1789 (1788/1789/1790).
2. One of the leaders associated with the task of drafting the constitution of 1791 was Talleyrand (Louis XVI/Talleyrand/Montesquieu).
3. Tipu Sultan was the founder member of the Jacobin club that showed allegiance to the French(French/English/Portuguese).
4. The Law of Maximum (Law of Suspects/Law of Tribunal/ Law of Maximum) was enforced to check the soaring prices of goods.
5. The September Massacre continued from 2 September to 6 September 1792 (1792/ 1793/1794).
6. The incident of the execution of Robespierre (Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette/Robespierre) and his associates which brought an end to the Reign of Terror came to be known as the Thermidorian Reaction.
7. France was under Directory rule from 1795-1799 (1795-1799/1798-1799/1799-1804).
8. The Directory had Directors five (three/four/five)
9. Among the Directors of France, Carnot (Carnot/Pache/Dumoureiz) was the most famous.
10. The French government was divided into 83 (80/82/83) departments to streamline the administration.
11. By a military coup Napoleon (Louis XVI/Robespierre/Napoleon) seized the administrative power of France in 1799.
Chapter 1 Class 9 History WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Topic D Miscellaneous
Question 1. What were the main causes of the French Revolution?
Answer:
Main Causes Of The French Revolution:-
The French Revolution broke out in 1789. The main causes which sparked off the French Revolution were as follows:
[1] Despotic rule of Louis XVI:
King Louis XVI, had drained the financial resources of France in successive wars. To meet the cost of his extravagant lifestyle, he increased taxes which were paid by the Third Estate.
[2] Rising prices:
Due to rise of population in France there was more demand of food grains. So the price of food soared and the poor could not afford to buy food. So the gap between the rich and the poor widened.
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[3] Division of French society:
French society was divided into three estates-the first estate, the second estate, and the third estate. The first and the second estates enjoyed privileges yet did not pay taxes. The Third Estate paid heavy taxes both direct and indirect. This discrimination led to the outbreak of revolution by the third estate.
[4] Role of French philosophers:
French philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of a society where people would enjoy freedom, equality before law, and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the common people to rise in rebellion.
[5] Presence of educated people:
Unlike other countries, France had an enlightened middle class and other professionals like lawyers, administrative officials who were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. It was they who organised the people and inspired them to revolt.
Question 2. Why did the French Revolution break out in France only and not in any other country?
Answer:
French Revolution Break Out In France Only And Not In Any Other Country:-
Different historians have put forward different theories as to why Revolution broke out in France and not in any other country. However, it is possible to find out some common factors which made the Revolution in France inevitable.
[1] The miserable economic condition of the people of France and the poor of finances by the management government of France contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution in France. The tottering economic structure of France was a very important cause for the outbreak of the Revolution.
[2] The burden of tax on the common people was much higher than anywhere else in Europe. So the intensity of discontent was much more among the peasants in France than in other parts of Europe.
[3] The feudal system in France became worn out. In different European countries, feudal lords enjoyed privileges and performed Corrupt Weakness of Kings Administration Corrupt Judicial System their duties but in France the feudal lords enjoyed rights and privileges without rendering any services to the king. The French people resented this system of unequal privileges and wanted to do away with this inequality in the society.
[4] The backward agricultural and industrial condition of France resulted in under production which led to excessive rise in food prices. This made the people of France burst out in rebellion.
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[5] The presence of the French philosophers who resented the privileges of the nobles and the absolutism of French monarchy contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution only in France.
[6] Unlike in other countries, France had an enlightened middle class. It was they who organized the people and taught them to revolt.
Question 3. What is the importance of the French Revolution?
Answer:
French Revolution:-
The French Revolution is one of the greatest landmarks in the history of the world.
Importance:
[1] The French Revolution changed the course of history of France. It destroyed the old order and replaced it with a new system.
[2] The revolution put an end to the absolutism of the French kings.
[3] The revolutionary and republican ideas took strong roots in France.
[4] After the revolution the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity became popular and these ideals remained as a source of inspiration for revolutions that took place in 19th-century Europe.
[5] The revolution established people’s participation in political administration and equality in the eye of the law.
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers
Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution
Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions
Match the columns
| 1. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Taille | (A) Religious tax |
| 2. Capitation | (B) Salt tax |
| 3. Gabolla | (C) Income tax |
| 4. Tithes | (D) Wealth And property tax |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-B, 4.-A
| 2. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. 1789 | (A) Napoleon seized power |
| 2. 1792 | (B) Tennis Court Oath |
| 3. 1794 | (C) France became a Republic for the first time |
| 4. 1799 | (D) Robespierre guillotined |
Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A
| 3. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Divine Right of Kingship | (A) Government run by people |
| 2. Democracy | (B) An all-powerful king |
| 3. Absolute monarch | (C) A monarch who rules according to the constitution |
| 4. Constitutional monarch | (D) King is the representative of God on earth |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
| 4. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Marie Antoinette | (A) Finance Minister of France |
| 2. Necker | (B) First Consul |
| 3. Napoleon | (C) Physiocrat |
| 4. Quesnay | (D) Queen of France |
Answer: 1.-B,2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C
| 5. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Constituent Assembly | (A) National Convention |
| 2. Summoning of States-General | (B) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| 3. Legislative Assembly | (C) Directory |
| 4. The Directors and a bicameral legislature | (D) Louis XVI |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
| 6. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Jacobins stormed | (A) De La Concord |
| 2. Louis XVI executed | (B) Paris |
| 3. The Bastille | (C) Austria |
| 4. Secret journey of Louis XVI | (D) Palace of Tuileries |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
| 7. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Voltaire | (A) An important leader during Reign of Terror |
| 2. Danton | (B) Leader of Tennis Court Oath |
| 3. Jean-Paul Marat | (C) A revolutionary ournalist |
| 4. Mirabeau | (D) A French Philosopher |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-C, 4.-B
| 8. Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Tipu Sultan | (A) Old system |
| 2. Ancien regime | (B) religious tax |
| 3. Tithe | (C) September massacre |
| 4. 1792 | (D) Jacobin Club |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
