WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Analytical Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What do you mean by ‘ancien regime’?
Answer: Ancien Regime:-
The term ‘ancien regime’ (old system) is used to describe the conservative society and institutions of France before the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1789. Before the revolution, France was ruled by autocrats of the Bourbon dynasty. They believed in autocratic rule, centralized administration, the inherited privilege of the nobility, exploitation of commoners, and the support of corrupt churches, etc.
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The rights of the king were absolute. He was not accountable to the nobility, the church, or any institution of the state. All these were the features of the ‘ancient regime’. The ‘ancient regime’ was thus based on a medieval social structure. The French Revolution marked the end of the ‘ancien regime.
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Question 2. How far were the Bourbon monarchs responsible for the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer: Bourbon Monarchs Responsible For The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-
France was ruled by the Bourbon dynasty at the time of the French Revolution. The Bourbon monarchs believed in an absolute monarchy. There was, however, the States- General which was a representative assembly but its session was never summoned after 1614. Louis XIV carried the autocracy of the French monarchy to the highest pitch by declaring that ‘the state; it is myself’.
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The next king, Louis XV, enforced arbitrary legislation and involved France in foreign wars on his whims. The next king, Louis XVI, was fickle-minded and failed to introduce necessary reforms. He failed to control corruption or to remove the privileges of the aristocracy. Thus the Bourbon monarchs were responsible for the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Key Concepts of the French Revolution for Class 9
WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution
Question 3. What was the role of Voltaire in the outbreak of the French Revolution?
Answer:
Role Of Voltaire In The Outbreak Of The French Revolution:-
Voltaire was one of the most important French philosophers who played a very significant role in the outbreak of the French Revolution. He wrote satirical articles against the evils and defects of the French government. He was twice imprisoned for his satirical writings.
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He rejected the supremacy of the church outright and held the clergy responsible for spreading blind faith among the people. He protested against the corrupt and luxurious life of the clergy and denounced the church as an ‘infamous thing’. He was against the religious dogmas of the priests. He vehemently criticized all kinds of oppression, exploitation, blind beliefs, and evil practices. He was an advocate of individual freedom.
Important Questions from French Revolution Chapter
Question 4. Who was Diderot?
Answer: Diderot:-
Diderot was an important philosopher of France who contributed greatly to the outbreak of the French Revolution. He violently opposed all ancient institutions. In 1751 he edited an Encyclopaedia which had twelve volumes. estate Between 1751 and 1772 seventeen editions of this was published.
This encyclopedia gave birth to rationalism in France. He attacked the king’s autocracy, the privileges of the nobility and the church, the defective tax system, the slave system, and the blind faith of the French people. He was imprisoned by the French government because of his fearless thoughts and writings.
Question 5. How did the economic thinkers criticize the economic policy of the French government?
Answer: Economic Thinkers Criticize The Economic Policy Of The French Government:-
The economic thinkers of France criticized the economic policy of the French government. They came out with new economic ideas. Economic thinkers like the physiocrats strongly criticized the mercantile doctrine and advocated free trade, free enterprise, privatization of trade, and industry.
Quesnay, the most outstanding of the physiocrats, and his professor Adam Smith were the spokesmen of the doctrine of free trade and the removal of state control so far prevalent in the field of trade and commerce (Laissez-faire). They came forward with a rational exposition of economic laws.
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Question 6. What was the doctrine of ‘Separation of Powers’ preached by Montesquieu?
Answer: Doctrine Of ‘Separation Of Powers’ Preached By Montesquieu:-
Montesquieu preached the doctrine of Separation of Powers instead of concentrating the powers in the hands of the monarch. According to him, a king will be tyrannical if he concentrates in his hands, the three organs of government the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature. He suggested that the three organs of government must be independent of each other.
Question 7. Who were the ‘sans-culottes’?
Answer: ‘Sans-Culottes’:-
The ‘sans-culottes’ belonged to the third of French society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as pastry cooks, shoemakers, printers, watchmakers as well as daily wage-earners and servants.
They used to wear long-striped trousers. This was to differentiate them from the fashionable groups in French society, especially nobles who wore knee breeches. They wore, in addition, the red cap that symbolized liberty. Food riots were started by them. On 10 August 1792, they attacked and entered the Royal Palace at Tuileries.
French Revolution Causes and Effects Notes
Question 8. What was the position of the bourgeoisie in French society?
Answer: French society was divided into two classes-
- The privileged and
- The unprivileged.
The ‘bourgeoisie’ belonged to the unprivileged class. The bourgeoisie or the middle class was rich and consisted of lawyers, philosophers physicians, and professors. Heavy taxes were levied on them by the government but they did not enjoy any privileges such as those enjoyed by the aristocracy. They were not appointed to any high posts despite their capability and so they were discontented.
They were determined to go to any extent to bring liberty and equality in society and the way they chose was to bring down the aristocratic privileges. The French Revolution was led by the bourgeoisie for it was they who organized the people and inspired them to revolt.
WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution
Question 9. What was the ‘Tennis Court Oath’?
Answer:
‘Tennis Court Oath’:-
The States-General, an assembly that drafted and passed legislation in France, was summoned by Louis XVI on 12 June 1789. The conflict started with the voting system of the States-General. The nobles and the priests. wanted voting by order while the members of the third estate demanded that votes should be counted individually and the States-General should be recognized as the National Assembly of France.
French Revolution Key Events Timeline
On 20 June 1789, the king closed the meeting room of the Third Estate and posted armed soldiers at the entrance. When the representatives of the third estate reached the meeting hall, they were stunned to see the doors shut. So they assembled at the nearby tennis court and took an oath not to move from there until they had prepared a new constitution for the country. At last, the king agreed to the proposal of one vote per head.
Question 10. What rumor spread in Paris on the morning of 14 July 1789? What was the reaction of the people?
Answer: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of the city of Paris were in a state of alarm. The king ordered his troops to move into the city. Rumors spread among the people that he would soon order his army to open fire upon the citizens.
As a result, about 7000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a people’s militia. A group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city of Paris and stormed the fortress prison, the Bastille in the hope of finding hoarded ammunition. The angry mob stormed the Bastille.
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Question 11. Give an account of King Louis XVI’s legislative body and judiciary. attempt to escape from France.
Answer: Mirabeau, the ablest leader in the National Assembly, had a good relationship with King Louis XVI. Mirabeau died in 1791 and the king became very perturbed.
In the meantime, other European monarchs were preparing to attack France. Louis XVI, to reestablish autocracy in France, tried to escape to Austria along with his family on the night of 21 June 1791. King Leopold of Austria was the brother of the queen of France. Unfortunately, their attempt failed. They were captured in the village Vannes and brought back to Paris under great insult.
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Question 11. How did the French Constituent Assembly limit the powers of the king?
Answer: The Constituent Assembly declared France to be a constitutional monarchy.
- The king lost his divine right of kingship. He was treated as the ‘first servant of the state’ and became a salaried head of the state.
- He became the head of the administrative or executive department according to the doctrine of separation of powers.
- He did not have any power to wage war or to make treaties with any country.
- He lost control over the provincial governments as well.
- He lost his earlier right to exercise control over
Question 12. What was said in the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen’?
Answer: ‘Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen’:-
- On 26 August 1789, the French Constituent Assembly drew up a ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen’. It said-
- All men are born free, remain free, and have equal rights.
- All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law.
- The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation.
- Liberty consists of the freedom to do everything that does not harm others.
- The property right is a sacred law. The property of any person cannot be usurped without payment of proper compensation.
- Rights consist of expressing a free opinion, freedom of the individual, and freedom of religious belief.
- No individual shall exploit others.
- No one can be arrested or imprisoned by the police” unless proven guilty in the eyes of the law. In short, the declaration emphasized the three basic principles of the French Revolution Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
Question 13. When and how was the feudal system every house was searched. Is any person abolished in France?
Answer: On 4 August 1789 the French Constituent Assembly issued a declaration that abolished feudalism from France.
The declaration was as follows:
- Henceforth feudalism with all its privileges would be abolished.
- The feudal class would lose all its inherited social and political privileges.
- The church taxes like tithes and others of ecclesiastical privileges were to be renounced.
- The serf system, all forms of feudal taxes, forced labor or corvee, and the manorial system were to be abolished. But feudalism could not be abolished totally. The nobles and the clergy retained some of their privileges.
Impact of Enlightenment on the French Revolution
Question 14. Describe the revolt of the peasants in rural France after the fall of the Bastille.
Answer: Revolt Of The Peasants In Rural France After The Fall Of The Bastille:-
After the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, the peasants of France who had been suffering under feudal tyranny rose in revolt. They burnt the houses of the landlords as well as the churches.
They destroyed the manor houses and burnt the documents containing records of manorial dues. Manor officials were also murdered. Manorial lands were forcibly occupied and rich peasants were driven out.
There were rumors that the landlords of the manors had hired people to destroy the ripened crops. This caused panic among the peasants who attacked the castles of noblemen. They looted hoarded grains from the market. As a result, a large number of nobles fled their homes and migrated to neighboring countries.
Question 15. What is the ‘September Massacre’?
Answer: ‘September Massacre’:-
The leaders of the Jacobins including Marat and Danton began the hunt for the enemies of the French Revolution. They began to kill the royalists who were in jail. Every house was searched. Any person suspected to be a supporter of the king was at once put to death.
This massacre continued from 2 September to 6 September 1792. About 1600 people were murdered during this period. This act of murder by the Jacobins was extremely hateful and unjust.
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Question 16. Write a short note on the leaders of the French Revolution.
Answer: Leaders Of The French Revolution:-
The leaders of the French Revolution mostly came from the middle classes in France. The first man who distinguished himself in the States Assembly was Comte de Mirabeau who, however, belonged to the nobility. He persuaded King Louis XVI to set up a constitutional monarchy in France. The section of the radical democrats in the Assembly was led by Marat and Danton.
Short Answer Questions on the French Revolution
They crushed all opposition by taking the Revolution through a Reign of Terror. Another distinguished leader of the early nineties was Robespierre. He played the most important part in bringing Louis XVI to trial, declaring that the king ‘must die so that the country may live’.
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Question 17. What do you mean by ‘The Revolutionary Tribunal’ introduced during the Reign of Terror?
Answer: ‘The Revolutionary Tribunal’ Introduced During The Reign Of Terror:-
One of the instruments of the Reign of Terror was the Revolutionary Tribunal. The judges of this Tribunal were appointed by the Committee of Public Safety. The function of the Revolutionary Tribunal was to punish persons held under the Law of Suspects. Nobody could appeal against the decision of this court.
Justice was almost always denied as the judges were directed to make their decisions hastily without going deep into the case. Thousands of men and women were guillotined according to the judgments of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the Reign of Terror.
Question 18. What was the ‘Law of Suspects’?
Answer: Law Of Suspects:-
The ‘Law of Suspects’ was one of the instruments through which the Committee of Public Safety executed the Reign of Terror. This law empowered the police to arrest any individual on mere suspicion of anti-revolutionary activities.
The suspected persons were then sent for trial. Not one of the persons sent for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal was declared innocent and every one of them was sent to the guillotine.
Chapter 1 Class 9 History WBBSE Some Aspects Of The French Revolution
Question 19. What were the main causes of the French Revolution?
Answer: Main Causes Of The French Revolution:-
The French Revolution broke out in 1789. The main causes which sparked off the French Revolution were as follows:
Despotic rule of Louis XVI:
King Louis XVI, had drained the financial resources of France in successive wars. To meet the cost of his extravagant lifestyle, he increased taxes which were paid by the Third Estate.
Rising prices:
Due to the rise of population in France, there was more demand for food grains. So the price of food soared and the poor could not afford to buy food. So the gap between the rich and the poor widened.
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Division of French society:
French society was divided into three estates-the first estate, the second estate, and the third estate. The first and the second estates enjoyed privileges yet did not pay taxes. The Third Estate paid heavy taxes both direct and indirect. This discrimination led to the outbreak of revolution by the third estate.
Role of French philosophers:
French philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of a society where people would enjoy freedom, equality before the law, and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the common people to rise in rebellion.
Presence of educated people:
Unlike other countries, France had an enlightened middle class and other professionals like lawyers, and administrative officials who were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. It was they who organized the people and inspired them to revolt.
Study Guide for Class 9 History: The French Revolution
Question 20. Why did the French Revolution break out in France only and not in any other country?
Answer:
French Revolution Break Out In France Only And Not In Any Other Country:-
Different historians have put forward different theories as to why the Revolution broke out in France and not in any other country. However, it is possible to find out some common factors which made the Revolution in France inevitable.
The miserable economic condition of the people of France and the poor of finances the management government of France contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution in France. The tottering economic structure of France was a very important cause for the outbreak of the Revolution.
The burden of tax on the common people was much higher than anywhere else in Europe. So the intensity of discontent was much higher among the peasants in France than in other parts of Europe.
The feudal system in France became worn out. In different European countries, feudal lords enjoyed privileges and performed Corrupt Weakness of Kings Administration and Corrupt Judicial System duties but in France, the feudal lords enjoyed rights and privileges without rendering any services to the king. The French people resented this system of unequal privileges and wanted to do away with this inequality in society.
The backward agricultural and industrial conditions of France resulted in underproduction which led to an excessive rise in food prices. This made the people of France burst out in rebellion.
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The presence of the French philosophers who resented the privileges of the nobles and the absolutism of the French monarchy contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution only in France.
Unlike in other countries, France had an enlightened middle class. It was they who organized the people and taught them to revolt.
Question 21. What is the importance of the French Revolution?
Answer:
French Revolution:-
The French Revolution is one of the greatest landmarks in the history of the world.
Importance:
- The French Revolution changed the course of history of France. It destroyed the old order and replaced it with a new system.
- The revolution put an end to the absolutism of the French kings.
- The revolutionary and republican ideas took strong roots in France.
- After the revolution the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity became popular and these ideals remained as a source of inspiration for revolutions that took place in 19th-century Europe.
- The revolution established people’s participation in political administration and equality in the eye of the law.
Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Write True Or False
Question 1. Calonne was the finance minister of France appointed by Louis XV.
Answer: False
Question 2. The entire burden of taxation fell on the First Estate in France.
Answer: False
Question 3. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in 1774.
Answer: True
Question 4. In 1789 the French Revolution broke out.
Answer: True
Question 5. Marie Antoinette was the Queen of Louis.XVI.
Answer: True
Question 6. Clergy means the monarch who rules with absolute power.
Answer: False
Question 7. A monarch whose power is limited by the laws provided in the constitution is an absolute monarch.
Answer: False
Question 8. The representative assembly in France was called the States-General.
Answer: True
Question 9. Denis Diderot was a French Encyclopaedist.
Answer: True
Question 10. Quesnay was the spokesman for the doctrine of Laissez-faire.
Answer: True
Question 11. The most outstanding composition of Voltaire was the ‘Persian Letters’.
Answer: False
Question 12. In France, the clergy belonged to the third estate.
Answer: False
Question 13. The church paid a voluntary tax to the government if they were willed by the Contract of Posey.
Answer: True
Question 14. The aristocracy and landlords in France formed the Third Estate.
Answer: False
Question 15 Economic historians refute the theory of philosophy playing a considerable part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Answer: True
Question 16. The French philosophers did not directly preach for revolution, rather they wanted reform of the old order.
Answer: True
Question 17. The physiocrats did not advocate free trade and privatization of industry and trade.
Answer: False
Question 18. Scattered peasant revolts and food riots by sans-culottes due to scarcity of food supply started in 1787:
Answer: True
Question 19. Rousseau in his famous book ‘The Spirit of Laws’ attacked the divine right of kings.
Answer: False
Question 20. The ‘Persian Letters’ was written by Montesquieu.
Answer: True
Question 21. The three organs of government are the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature.
Answer: True
Question 21. Montesquieu suggested that the three organs of government must be independent of each other.
Answer: True
Question 22. ‘Discourses on the Origin of Inequality’ was written by Quesnay.
Answer: False
Question 23. The Third Estate of the States-General demanded the introduction of a vote per order.
Answer: False
Question 24. The Tennis Court Oath was taken by the representatives of the First Estate.
Answer: False
Question 25. In 1789 the French Constituent Assembly issued a declaration that abolished feudalism in France.
Answer: True
Question 26. The Constituent Assembly granted the right to vote to men of property.
Answer: True
Question 27. Those Frenchmen who paid income tax or property tax equal to three days’ income were marked as passive citizens.
Answer: False
Question 28. Louis XVI entered into a secret negotiation with the king of Prussia.
Answer: True
Question 29. The Bill of Rights of England (1689) was taken as a model to prepare the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Answer: True
Question 30. The members of the Jacobin Club belonged mainly to the prosperous section of society.
Answer: False
Question 31. The only party which initiated the Reign of Terror was the Jacobin Party.
Answer: False
Question 32. One of the positive outcomes of the Reign of Terror was the abolition of slavery.
Answer: True
Question 33. Under the Directory, French efforts were directed against America.
Answer: False
Question 34. The French Revolution developed the idea of dictatorship in France.
Answer: False
WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Fill In The Blanks
Question 1. The ‘ancient regime’ was based on a _______________(ancient/medieval/modern) social structure.
Answer: Medieval
Question 2. The French monarchs were believers in the _______________ of Kingship (Divine Right of Kingship/democracy/ dictatorship).
Answer: Divine right
Question 3. Those who were supporters of the king were known as_______________ (Girondins/royalists/ monarchists).
Answer: Royalists
Question 4. The States-General in France met on 5 May 1789 after a long lapse of _______________ (174/179/ 196) years.
Answer: 174
Question 5. The tithe was a tax on _______________ (religion/property/salt).
Answer: Religion
Question 6. The French Revolution broke out in the year (1788/1789/1776).
Answer: 1789
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Question 7. The French Revolution broke out during the reign of_______________(Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI).
Answer: Louis XVI
Question 8. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in _______________ (1773/1774/1776).
Answer: 1774
Question 9. Louis XVI belonged to the_______________ (Orange/ Stuart/Bourbon) dynasty.
Answer: Bourbon
Question 10. _______________ kingship (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI), the king of France said, “After me the deluge”.
Answer: Louis XVI
Question 11. _______________ (Rousseau/Mostesquieu/Turgo) was the Finance Minister of France.
Answer: Turgo
Question 12. The king of France _______________ (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI) said, “I am the state”.
Answer: Louis XIV
Question 13. _______________ (Taille/Vingtiemes/Aides) was a religious tax collected from the peasants of France.
Answer: Taille
Question 14. Gabella was a tax imposed on _______________ (tobacco/salt/wine).
Answer: Salt
Question 15. _______________ (Taille/Gabella/ Vingtiemes) was an income tax of the ancien regime in France.
Answer: Vingtiemes
Question 16. ‘Ancien regime’ means the_______________ (old system/ new system/autocratic system).
Answer: Old system
Question 17. The_______________ (Italian/German/French) government supported the 13 colonies of America in their war of independence.
Answer: French
Question 18. The French Revolution began with the revolt of the ____________________ (peasants/aristocrats/ philosophers).
Answer: Aristocrats
Question 19. The Council of Notables was a body the members of which were nominated by the ____________________ (king/aristocrats/finance minister).
Answer: King
Question 20. The aristocratic Revolt was the clash between the ____________________(nobles/Parliament/aristocrats) and the royal government.
Answer: Aristocrats
Question 21. Encyclopaedia was edited by ____________________(Quesnay/Denis Diderot/Rousseau).
Answer: Denis Diderot
Question 22. Laissez-faire means free ____________________ (parliament/clericalism/free trade).
Answer: Trade
Question 23. The author of the book ‘Social Contract’ was ____________________ (Denis Diderot/Montesquieu/Rousseau).
Answer: Rousseau
Question 24. The clergy in France belonged to the____________________ (third/first/second) estate.
Answer: First
Question 25. ____________________ (Second/First/Third) estate was deprived of all rights and privileges.
Answer: Third
Question 26. The Tennis Court Oath was taken in ____________________ (1788/1789/1790).
Answer: 1789
Question 27. One of the leaders associated with the task of drafting the Constitution of 1791 was ____________________ (Louis XVI/Talleyrand/Montesquieu).
Answer: Talleyrand
Question 28. Tipu Sultan was the founder member of the Jacobin club that showed allegiance to the ____________________ (French/English/Portuguese).
Answer: French
Question 29. The ____________________ (Law of Suspects/Law of Tribunal/ Law of Maximum) was enforced to check the soaring prices of goods.
Answer: Law of Maximum
Question 30. The September Massacre continued from 2 September to 6 September ____________________ (1792/ 1793/1794).
Answer: 1792
Question 31. The incident of the execution of ____________________ (Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette/Robespierre) and his associates which brought an end to the Reign of Terror came to be known as the Thermidorian Reaction.
Answer: Robespierre
Question 32. France was under Directory rule from ____________________ (1795-1799/1798-1799/1799-1804).
Answer: 1795-1799
Question 33. The Directory had Directors____________________ (three/four/five)
Answer: five
Question 34. Among the Directors of France, ____________________ (Carnot/Pache/Dumoureiz) was the most famous.
Answer: Carnot
Question 35. The French government was divided into ____________________ (80/82/83) departments to streamline the administration.
Answer: 83
Question 36. By a military coup, ____________________ (Louis XVI/Robespierre/Napoleon) seized the administrative power of France in 1799.
Answer: Napoleon
WBBSE Chapter 1 Some Aspects Of The French Revolution Match The Columns
Question 1.
1. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Taille | (A) Religious tax |
2. Capitation | (B) Salt tax |
3. Gabolla | (C) Income tax |
4. Tithes | (D) Wealth And property tax |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-C, 3.-B, 4.-A
Question 2.
2. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. 1789 | (A) Napoleon seized power |
2. 1792 | (B) Tennis Court Oath |
3. 1794 | (C) France became a Republic for the first time |
4. 1799 | (D) Robespierre guillotined |
Answer: 1.-B, 2.-C, 3.-D, 4.-A
Question 3.
3. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Divine Right of Kingship | (A) Government run by people |
2. Democracy | (B) An all-powerful king |
3. Absolute monarch | (C) A monarch who rules according to the constitution |
4. Constitutional monarch | (D) King is the representative of God on earth |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
Question 4.
4. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Marie Antoinette | (A) Finance Minister of France |
2. Necker | (B) First Consul |
3. Napoleon | (C) Physiocrat |
4. Quesnay | (D) Queen of France |
Answer: 1.-B,2.-D, 3.-A, 4.-C
Question 5.
5. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Constituent Assembly | (A) National Convention |
2. Summoning of States-General | (B) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
3. Legislative Assembly | (C) Directory |
4. The Directors and a bicameral legislature | (D) Louis XVI |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
Question 6.
6. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Jacobins stormed | (A) De La Concord |
2. Louis XVI executed | (B) Paris |
3. The Bastille | (C) Austria |
4. Secret journey of Louis XVI | (D) Palace of Tuileries |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C
Question 7.
7. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Voltaire | (A) An important leader during the Reign of Terror |
2. Danton | (B) Leader of Tennis Court Oath |
3. Jean-Paul Marat | (C) A revolutionary journalist |
4. Mirabeau | (D) A French Philosopher |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-C, 4.-B
Question 8.
8. Column 1 | Column 2 |
1. Tipu Sultan | (A) Old system |
2. Ancien regime | (B) religious tax |
3. Tithe | (C) September massacre |
4. 1792 | (D) Jacobin Club |
Answer: 1.-D, 2.-A, 3.-B, 4.-C