Chapter 7 Movements Organised By Women In India Topic A Women’s Movement In The Twentieth Century Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What role did Sarala Devi Chaudhurani play in the Anti-Partition Movement?
Answer:
Roe Of Sarala Devi Chaudhurani play in the Anti-Partition Movement:
Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, the niece of Rabindranath Tagore, spread the gospel of nationalism in Punjab. She exposed the strength of women in her essays, in the paper ‘Bharati’. For physical training, she set up a gymnasium in her own house. She also maintained close contact with the Suhrid Samiti of Mymensingh, a secret revolutionary society.
Question 2 What role did Khairunnisa play in the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
Khairunnisa, a Muslim woman wrote a poem named ‘Swadeshanurag’ in the paper ‘Nabanoor’ (1905) to inspire women for the cause of nationalism during the Swadeshi Movement.
Question 3 Who was called Gandhi Budi? Why was she famous?
Answer:
Matangini Hazra, a peasant widow of 72 years of Midnapore, was called ‘Gandhi Budi’. She led a crowd, mostly of women to occupy the Tamluk Police Station during the Quit India Movement.
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Question 4 Why was the ‘Lakshmi Bhandar’ set up?
Answer:
‘Lakshmi Bhandar’:
Saraladebi started the ‘Lakshmi Bhandar’ in 1897. It was said that Devi Lakshmi had left home due to the Partition of Bengal. So, women in the houses of Bengal were given a Lakshmi Bhandar and told to keep a handful of rice in it every day.
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Question 5 What role did Matangini Hazra play in the August Movement of 1942?
Answer:
Among the women who laid down their lives during the Quit India Movement was Matangini Hazra, a widow of 72 years, endearingly called ‘Gandhi Budi’. She led a crowd to occupy the Tamluk Police Station during the movement. She became a martyr by carrying the national flag towards the Tamluk Court and embracing bullets till her death, shouting “Bande Mataram”. She is rightly called ‘Laxmi Bai of Midnapore’.
Question 6 In which year was Deepali Students’ Sangha established? Name some of the important leaders of the Sangha.
Answer:
Deepali Students’ Sangha was established in 1926. Some of the famous members of the Sangha were Renuka Sen, Pritilata Waddedar, Sakuntala Ray, Binapani Ray, Usharani Ray, and others.
Question 7 Who set up the ‘Voice of Freedom’ and why?
Answer:
‘Voice of Freedom’:
Usha Mehta set up the ‘Voice of Freedom’. It was a radio transmitter to broadcast the. news of the war of independence among the people of the country.
Question 8 What were the main aims or objectives of the Deepali Sangha?
Answer:
Deepali Sangha, organized by Leela Ray in Dacca, was set up with the aim of promoting women’s education. However, the real motive of this association was to inculcate self-reliance among women.
Question 9 What were the works undertaken by ‘Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar’?
Answer:
‘Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar’:
‘Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar’ was established in 1942 during the Quit India Movement by Satish Chandra Samanta. It was an independent parallel government. It set up police departments, military departments, education, agriculture and health departments, courts, etc.
Even a system of revenue collection was set up. In addition to political work, it undertook relief works for the people and gave grants to schools. It also set up an armed independent wing known as ‘Vidyut Vahini’.
Question 10 Why is Nanibala Devi remembered?
Answer:
Nanibala Devi was a female revolutionary. She was a member of the Jugantar Party. She gave shelter to the underground revolutionaries in Chandannagore. She posed as the wife of Ramchandra Majumdar, a freedom fighter, and leaked information to imprisoned revolutionaries.
To escape from the eyes of the police she escaped to Peshwar. Her acts inspired the women of Midnapore to take up arms against the British and fire at them.
Question 11 Why did the women of Bengal observe ‘Arandhan’ (Non-cooking) on 16th October 1905?
Answer:
Bengal was partitioned in 1905 by Lord Curzon. Women of Bengal resisted the plan of partition to pressurize the British Government to repeal the partition. On the day of partition (16 October 1905) they observed ‘Arandhan’ day (non-cooking) as a mark of protest against the partition.
Chapter 7 Movements Organised By Women In India Topic B Students Movement In The Twentieth Century Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What was Carlyle Circular?
Answer:
Carlyle Circular:
In 1905, a circular was issued by the British Government which forbade students of schools and colleges to associate themselves with any political movement. It was said that they would be punished for taking part in the Swadeshi Movement. This was known as the Carlyle Circular.
Question 2 What were the objectives of the Anti-Circular Society?
Answer:
The objectives of the Anti-Circular Society:
The objectives of the Anti-Circular Society (1905) organized by Sachindra Prasad Basu were to encourage the students to participate in the Swadeshi Movement. Moreover, its object was to sell indigenous goods and to impart education to those who were expelled from schools run by the British Government.
Question 3 What were the objectives behind the establishment of Dawn Society?
Answer:
The objectives behind the establishment of Dawn Society:
The Dawn Society established in 1902 by Satish Chandra Mukherjee played a great role in initiating the national education movement in Bengal. Its objective was to make students of Bengal ‘perfect man’, through all-round, physical, mental, and spiritual development.
Absorbing the benefits of modern science, spreading science to the masses, and offering job-oriented technical education were its other objectives.
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Question 4 Which day was observed as the ‘Rakhi Bandhan Day and why?
Answer:
‘Rakhi Bandhan Day:
October 16, 1905 was observed as the ‘Rakhi Bandhan Day’ under the inspiration of Rabindranath Tagore. It was on this day that the Partition of Bengal was to take effect. On this day, the people of the Bengali community tied rakhis on one another’s wrist and celebrated Raksha Bandhan Day as a symbol of unity, refusing the political boundary between Bengal and Eastern Bengal and Assam.
Question 5 What is the meaning of the word ‘Swadeshi’?
Answer:
‘Swadeshi’:
The word ‘Swadeshi’ literally means ‘of one’s own country. In a broader sense, it means national self-sufficiency and Swaraj or self-rule.
Question 6 What is the meaning of the word ‘boycott’?
Answer:
‘Boycott’:
A boycott is an act of voluntarily abstaining or preventing from using, dealing or buying with a country’s organization or a person as a protest usually for political or social reasons.
Question 7 Write a note on Corridor Warfare.
Answer:
Corridor Warfare:
According to the plan of Bengal Volunteers, Benoy Basu, Badal Gupta, and Dinesh Gupta attacked the Writers’ Building (December 8, 1930). Benoy Basu killed Simpson, the Inspector-General of Prison. An encounter took place between the police and the militant nationalist trio inside the Writers’ Building. This is famous in history as ‘Corridor Warfare’.
Question 8 What was the program of the Non- Cooperation Movement?
Answer:
The program of the Non- Cooperation Movement:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was started in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
The programs of the movement were to:
[1] Boycott British law courts, schools, and colleges,
[2] Boycott foreign goods and adopt Swadeshi,
[3] Renunciate British titles,
[4] Boycott elections and other government functions and
[5] Do away with untouchability and promote communal harmony.
Question 9 What role did Mitra Mela play in the revolutionary movement in Maharashtra?
Answer:
The Mitra Mela Society, established by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar at Nasik in 1899, proved to be an important center of revolutionary activities in Maharashtra. The society arranged for the physical training of its members. The composition of patriotic poems and songs was encouraged by society.
The members of this society discussed the biographies of various personalities like Mazzini and Garibaldi. In 1904, the society was transformed and renamed ‘Abhinaba Bharat’. Savarkar also sent literature containing revolutionary ideas and firearms to Maharashtra to help the spread of revolutionary activities.
Question 10 What was the route of the Dandi March?
Answer:
The route of the Dandi March:
The starting point of the Dandi March was Sabarmati Ashram and the ending point was Dandi, a village on the Gujarat coast.
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Question 11 What was the ‘Dandi March’?
Answer:
Dandi March:
Gandhiji, along with 78 followers, started marching on foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the coast of Gujarat. This is famous in history by the name Dandi March. There he violated the existing salt laws by manufacturing salt from seawater.
Question 12 Who established Bal Samaj? What was its objective?
Answer:
Some students inspired by the ideals of Bal Gangadhar Tilak established a revolutionary society named Bal Samaj. Its objective was to spread nationalist revolutionary ideals among students.
Question 13 Why was February 11 celebrated as Rashid Ali Day?
Answer:
Various student movements started in Calcutta in protest against the judgment given to Abdul Rashid, the captain of the Azad Hind Fauj. Rashid Ali was given 7 years of rigorous imprisonment in the trial which was held in the Red Fort at Delhi.
In protest against this, the Muslim Students’ League and the All India Students’ Federation called a Students’ Strike for the release of Captain Rashid Ali from prison. This day was later celebrated as Rashid Ali Day.
Chapter 7 Movements Organised By Women In India Topic C Dalit Politics And Movement In The Twentieth Century Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Who formed the All India Scheduled Caste Federation and when?
Answer:
BR Ambedkar formed the All India Scheduled Caste Federation in July 1942.
Question 2 Who conducted the Kalaram Mandir Satyagraha and when?
Answer:
Babasaheb Ambedkar conducted the Kalaram Mandir Satyagraha in 1934.
Question 3 What was the objective of the Namasudra Movement?
Answer:
The objective of the Namasudra Movement was to acquire special rights to strengthen the social and political position of the Namasudras and attain the perfect peace of mind.
Question 4 When and under whose leadership was the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha formed? What was its objective?
Answer:
Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was formed in 1924 under the leadership of Babasaheb Ambedkar. Its objective was to spread education and to improve the financial condition of the depressed classes.
Question 5 Who formed the Independent Labour Party? What was its objective?
Answer:
BR Ambedkar formed the Independent Labour Party. Its object was to safeguard the interest of the Dalits/labourers.
Question 6 Under whose leadership and when was the Vaikom Mandir Satyagraha started?
Answer:
Vaikom Mandir Satyagraha was started in 1926 under the Ideadership of the Congress leader E V Ramaswami Naicker.
Question 7 When and between whom was the Poona Pact signed?
Answer:
The Poona Pact was signed on September 25, 1932 between Caste Hindu, represented by Rajendra Prasad and Bhimrao Ambedkar, Srinivasan etc., on behalf of the Hindu depressed classes.
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Question 8 Who formed the Self-Respect League and when?
Answer:
Self-Respect League:
E V Ramaswami Naicker, an eminent Congress leader, formed the Self-Respect League in 1926.
Question 9 What were the terms of the Poona Pact?
Answer:
The terms of the Poona Pact:
The signatories of the Poona Pact agreed upon a common electorate of all the Hindus, on condition that one hundred and forty-eight seats were reserved for the depressed classes in different provincial legislatures. Moreover, 18% of the seats in the Central Legislatures, which were allotted to the general electorate for British India, were similarly reserved for them.
Another provision was that there would be a primary election by the voters of the depressed classes alone, of four candidates for each reserved seat and the election of the general Hindu constituencies was restricted to these alone.
Question 10 What was the contribution of EV Ramaswami Naicker in the Dalit Movement?
Answer:
The contribution of EV Ramaswami Naicker in the Dalit Movement:
The Congress leader, E V Ramaswami Naicker left the Congress and joined the Dalit Movement. In 1920, the Vaikom Mandir Satyagraha was started under his leadership. Later, he formed the Self-Respect League in 1926 and carried on the movement in the whole of Tamil Nadu.
Question 11 Who was known as Dalits?
Answer:
Dalits:
From 1930, non-Brahmins, low caste Hindus and the untouchables came to be known as ‘Dalits’. Gandhiji termed them as Harijans. They represented the most exploited and poorest section of society.
Question 12 Under whose leadership was the Mahad Satyagraha started and why?
Answer:
Mahad Satyagraha (1927) was started under the leadership of Babasaheb Ambedkar. It started over the use of drinking water in the district of Kolaba in Maharashtra.
Question 13 Who announced the Communal Award and when?
Answer:
British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald announced the Communal Award in 1932.
Question 14 When and under whose leadership was the All India Depressed Classes League formed?
Answer:
All India Depressed Classes League was formed in 1935 under the leadership of Babu Jagjivan Ram.
Question 15 Against which incident Gandhiji undertook fast unto death?
Answer:
When the British Prime Minister announced Communal Award in 1932 Gandhiji undertook fast unto death.
