NEET Biology Class 9 Tissues Question And Answers

Chapter 2 Tissues

Meristematic Tissues

A tissue is a group of similar or dissimilar cells engaged in similar functions. All multicellular organisms including plants possess tissues. In plants, there are two major types of tissues-meristematic and permanent.

Meristematic tissue, also known as meristem, is composed of immature and continuously dividing cells. In plants, shoot and root tips are made up of meristematic tissues.

Characteristics of Meristematic tissues

• They are made up of immature cells or undifferentiated cells.
• Their cells are small in size.
• Their cells are metabolically highly active with a dense cytoplasm.
• Intercellular space is negligible, often absent.
• Cell wall is thinner with a prominent nucleus.

Types of meristematic tissues:

Meristem can be further classified based on the position or locations of meristematic tissues. They are of three types:

• Apical meristem: They are present at the tips of stems, roots, and branches. They are responsible for the axial growth in a plant.
• Intercalary meristem: They are present at the base of internodes, and are responsible for the growth of internodal region.
• Lateral meristem: They are present on the lateral side of stems and roots. Lateral meristem is responsible for the radial growth of plants. Vascular cambium and cork cambium are examples of lateral meristem.

Chapter 2 Tissues Permanent Tissues

Are flowers, stems, and roots composed of the same types of tissues or cells? No. They have different functions. Therefore, they should have different cells to perform specific functions.

A flower cannot change into a leaf and a leaf cannot change into a stem. Therefore, component tissues are permanent and do not differentiate.

Permanent tissues are composed of mature cells, which have lost their power of division. Cells in a permanent tissue attain definite shape, size, and functions. They may be dead or living. Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissues.

Permanent tissues are broadly classified into two major groups: Simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue.

Chapter 2 Tissues Simple permanent Tissues

This permanent tissue consist of only one type of cells.

Types of simple permanent tissues:

• Parenchyma – Composed of unspecialised loosely packed living cells with relatively thin cell walls.
  Chlorenchyma : Parenchyma that contains chloroplast and performs photosynthesis is called chlorenchyma.
  Aerenchyma: Parenchyma that contains large air cavities is called aerenchyma. These large air cavities provide buoyancy to aquatic plants.

• Collenchyma – Composed of living and elongated cells with cell walls irregularly thickened at the corners; have very little intercellular spaces; provide flexibility and mechanical support to the various parts of the cells.

• Sclerenchyma – Composed of long, narrow, and lignin deposited thick-walled cells. This tissue is made up of dead cells and there are no intercellular spaces. For example, husk of coconut.

• Protective tissues – Protects the plant from external injuries. The two types of protective tissues are epidermis and cork

Chapter 2 Tissues Plant Epidermis

• Characteristics and functions of plant epidermis
  • They form the outermost covering of all plant structures.
  • They are mostly a single layer of cells (but can be multilayered also).
  • Intercellular space is absent.
  • They are flat cells with thick outer side walls and thin inner walls.
• Functions
  The main function of epidermis is protection. A waxy, water-resistant layer is present on the upper parts of plants. This layer prevents
  • loss of water from leaves and stems
  • mechanical injury
  • infection from parasites
• Epidermal cells under the microscope.
• Interesting features of the epidermis
  Pull out a plant from a field and observe its roots closely. The roots will have many smaller root hairs. Root hairs are the site where soil water and minerals are absorbed. They increase the area of absorption. Epidermal cells present in root hairs perform this function.

Chapter 2 Tissues Complex Permanent Tissues

Do you know what complex permanent tissues are and what are its types?

Complex permanent tissues are conducting tissues, which take part in the transport function of plants. They are of two types–xylem (which transports water), and phloem (which transports food materials). The presence of this vascular tissue is an important feature of all complex terrestrial plants.

Xylem comprises of the following:

• Xylem vessels and tracheids are tubular structures, which allow vertical transport of water and minerals. Vessel cells are continuous, while tracheids are discontinuous. They are both conductive tissues.
• Xylem parenchyma stores food and conducts water sideways.
• Xylem fibres are supportive in function.

 

Phloem comprises of the following:

• Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls.
• Companion cells are elongated cells, which are always associated with sieve tubes. They perform metabolic functions and helps in water translocation.
• Phloem parenchyma is a cell associated with the phloem tissue. They pack other types of cells together.
• Phloem fibres are non-living cells.

Chapter 2 Tissues Worksheet 1

Question 1. meristem is responsible for the increase in the length of the stem and roots. responsible for the increase in the girth of the stem and roots. The information in which alternative completes the given statements?

1. 1 – lateral, 2-apical meristem is
2. 1 – apical , 2-laterial eristem is
3. 1- apical, 2-apical meristem is also
4. 1-lateral, 2-laeral meristem is also

Answer. 2. i – apical , 2-laterial eristem is

Question 2. The figure illustrates the location of meristematic tissues in plants. The label ‘X’ in the given illustration is meristem that helps in increasing the of stem and root.

Question 3. Which of the following organelles is absent in the cells of the meristematic tissue?

1. Nucleus
2. Vacuoles
3. Ribosomes
4. Mitochondria

Answer. 2. Vacuoles

Question 4. The given figure illustrates the section of a stem.In the given figure, which labelled structure helps in increasing the girth of a banyan tree?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answer. 3. 4

Question 5. Which type of permanent tissue helps in storing food in plants?

1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Xylem
4. Phloem

Answer. 1. Parenchyma

Question 6. Simple permanent tissue is made of only one type of cells. Which type of permanent plant tissue provides buoyancy to aquatic plants?

1. Chlorenchyma
2. Sclerenchyma
3. Aerenchyma
4. Collenchyma

Answer. 3. Aerenchyma

Question 7. Permanent plant tissues are of two types: simple and complex. Which type of simple permanent tissue provides flexibility to plants?

1. Parenchyma
2. Aerenchyma
3. Collenchyma
4. Sclerenchyma

Answer. 3. Collenchyma

Question 8. Stomata are present on the epidermis of the leaf. What is the primary function of stomata?

1. Storage
2. Photosynthesis
3. Providing flexibility
4. Carrying out gaseous exchange

Answer. 4. Carrying out gaseous exchange

Question 9. The epidermis of some desert plants is covered with a thick, waxy coating of a chemical called . the chemical present in the walls of cork cells. It makes them impervious to water.The information in which alternative completes the given statements?

1. 1 – cutin, 2-suberin is
2. 1- suberin , 2-cutin is
3. 1- cutin , 2-cutin is also
4. 1-suberin , 2-suberin is also

Answer. 1. 1 – cutin, 2-suberin is

Question 10. Some fruits such as plum and apricot have a hard coving over their seeds. Almond fruit has a hard covering over its seeds because of the presence of

1. parenchyma
2. aerenchyma
3. collenchyma
4. sclerenchyma

Answer. 4. sclerenchyma

Question 11. The given list presents some of the simple permanent tissues found in plants.

1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma 4. Epidermis 5. Cork

Which of the following pairs of tissues are made up of dead cells?

1. 1 and 3
2. 2 and 4
3. 3 and 5
4. 1 and 5

Answer. 3. 3 and 5

Question 12. Sieve tubes and companion cells are components of

1. xylem
2. phloem
3. collenchyma
4. parenchyma

Answer. 2. phloem

Chapter 2 Tissues Animal Tissues

We breathe with the help of specialised cells called muscle cells . The contraction and relaxation of these cells result in movement. During breathing we inhale oxygen. This oxygen is absorbed in the lungs and then is transported to all the body cells through blood. Blood flows and carries various substances from one part of the body to the other. For example, it carries oxygen and food to all cells. It also collects wastes from all parts of the body and carries them to the liver and kidney for disposal. Blood and muscles are both examples of tissues found in our body. On the basis of the functions they perform we can think of different types of animal tissues, such as epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue. You can see the chart showing the classification of animal tissues.

Chapter 2 Tissues Epithelial Tissues

The human body performs different types of functions. Since different cells perform different functions, the body must have many cells to perform one or more specific functions. Tissues are broadly classified into four different groups, namely epithelial, connective, muscular,and nervous tissues.

Let us explore epithelial tissues in detail.

Epithelial tissue

• Forms the outermost covering of the body, body cavity, and internal organs. It separates different organ systems in the body.
• Cells are arranged as tightly- packed continuous sheets, without any intercellular space.
• They are found in the surface cells of skin, buccal cavity, blood vessels, alveoli, and kidney tubules.

Do you know that since epithelium covers the body and all organs, all particles entering or leaving the body pass through it! Therefore, epithelial cells play an important medium for the transportation of substances in and out of the body.

Different types of epithelial tissues

Based on different shapes of epithelial cells, epithelium can be broadly classified as squamous epithelium, columnar epithelium, and cuboidal epithelium.

• Squamous and stratified squamous epithelium
  • Present as thin, delicate, flat lining.
  • Present in the lining of the mouth, oesophagus, and skin.
  • Skin forms a protective covering on the body surface, it often gets damaged. Therefore, it is present in multiple layers. This is calledstratified squamous epithelium.
• Columnar and ciliated columnar epithelium
  When you think of the word column, what structure comes to your mind? Is it a pillar? Columnar epithelial cells are pillar-like cells.
  • They are present in the inner lining of the intestine and respiratory tract.
  • Their functions include secretion of mucus and absorption of digested food.
  • Columnar epithelial cells are often marked by the presence of cilia. Cilia are hair-like projections coming out of cells. Cilia can move freely. This helps the mucus to move forward. These cells are called ciliated columnar epithelium.
• Cuboidal epithelium
  Cuboidal epithelium is composed of cube-shaped epithelial cells.
  • They are present in the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands.
  • Some special cells form the surface of secretory glands and gland cells.
  • Glandular epithelium is often formed by the inward folding of epithelial tissues.

Chapter 2 Tissues Connective Tissues

The human body performs different types of functions. Since different cells perform different functions, the body must have many cells to perform one or more specific functions. Tissues are broadly classified into four different groups, namely, epithelial, connective, muscular,and nervous tissues. Let us explore connective tissues in detail.

Epithelial tissues, muscular tissues, and nervous tissues are present in different regions and perform different functions.

How do tissues form a compact mass? It is because of the presence of connective tissues. They are loosely packed cells, present in intercellular spaces. Based on the region and function, their compositions differ.

Do you know where connective tissues are located in the human body?

Blood is a connective tissue. Blood consists of three different types of cells: red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets (present in liquid part of plasma). The plasma consists of various proteins, minerals, salts, hormones, etc.

Different blood cells can be observed by first smearing a drop of blood on a clean glass slide and then staining the sample using a Leishman’s stain.

Bone is another connective tissue.

• Provides structural support to the body because it is strong and non-flexible
• Provides a platform for muscles and organs for the anchorage of the body
• Composed of mainly calcium and phosphorus
• Ligaments connect bones to each other. Hence, they are also connective tissues.

They are elastic and strong in nature. Tendons are similar to ligaments. Unlike ligaments, tendons connect muscles to bones. Tendons are fibrous and strong, but they are not very flexible.

Cartilage is another example of connective tissues.

The matrix in cartilage is composed of proteins and sugars. It is present in the nose, ear, trachea, and larynx.

We can bend and move our ears and nose because cartilage is flexible!

Areolar connective tissue is another type of connective tissue. They are present between the skin and muscles in the bone marrow. They are present in spaces found inside the organs. They also support organs because of the presence of cells (macrophages and mast cells), which also help in the repair of tissues.

Adipose tissues are those tissues where fat is deposited as fat globules. They protect the body from cold by providing an insulating layer.

Chapter 2 Tissues Muscular Tissues

The human body performs different types of functions. Since different cells perform different functions, the body must have many cells to perform one or more specific functions.

Tissues are broadly classified into four different groups, namely epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.

Let us explore muscular tissues in detail.

Movement is an important function in animals. The system called muscular system performs this function. The muscular system is composed of muscular tissues.

Close your fingers to form a fist and then open the same. Repeat the process and observe the movements of your skin. What do you observe? You will observe contractions and relaxations of muscles. Muscle cells are elongated cells that contain special contractile proteins to aid this function. Some movements are controlled, while some other movements cannot be controlled. Therefore, these muscles are categorised into voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles.

Types of muscular tissues

Voluntary muscles

• Their movements can be controlled.
• Cells of muscular tissues are elongated with many nuclei; they can be branched or unbranched.
• When observed under the microscope, they appear as alternating dark and light bands. Therefore, they are called striated muscles.

Involuntary muscles

• Their movements cannot be controlled.
• Cells are long and pointed. It has a single nucleus.
• They can be found in the alimentary canal, uterus, iris, bronchi of the lungs etc.
• They are non-striated muscles.
• The tissues present in the heart contract and relax in a rhythmic mode, which forms the heart beat. These tissues are called cardiac tissues.

Chapter 2 Tissues Nervous Tissues

The human body performs different types of functions. Since different cells perform different functions, the body must have many cells to perform one or more specific functions.

Tissues are broadly classified into four different groups, namely epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.

Let us explore nervous tissues in detail.

Suppose we want to move our hand, but the question comes how we are going to do it?

Brain is the region where this information is generated, and the muscles are the tissues that are responsible for the movement.

The nervous system coordinates the functioning of all other systems.

• They are present in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
• They are composed of neurons.

Neurons consist of a cell body and an axon. The cell body contains a nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon elongates from the cell body and branches into many dendrites. Many nerve fibres with connective tissues form a nerve.

Worksheet 2

Question 1. Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the cells lining blood vessels?

1. Squamous epithelium
2. Cuboidal epithelium
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Ciliated epithelium

Answer. 1. Squamous epithelium

Question 2. The given illustration represents the human respiratory system. In the given illustration, the structure labelled I is lined with which type of epithelial tissue?

1. Columnar epithelium
2. Stratified squamous
3. Cuboidal epithelium
4. Simple squamous

Answer. 4. Simple squamous

Question 3. Skin is a protective body covering. Which epithelium is present in skin?

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Simple squamous epithelium
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Cuboidal epithelium

Answer. 1. Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4. The goblet cells are specialised cells found in the intestine, which secrete mucus. Mucus acts as a lubricant. Which of the following epithelial cells is modified as goblet cells?

1. Cuboidal epithelium
2. Columnar epithelium
3. Simple squamous epithelium
4. Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer. 2. Columnar epithelium

Question 5. Ciliated columnar epithelium, which is made of cilia, is found in the lining of the

1. Respiratory tract
2. Kidney tubules
3. Oesophagus
4. mouth

Answer. 1. Respiratory tract

Question 6. Blood is a type of connective tissue. Which of the following statements about the functions of blood is correct?

1. It helps in transporting gases and nutrients
2. It helps in connecting bones to muscles
3. It helps in the digestion of food
4. It helps in the storage of fats

Answer. 1. It helps in transporting gases and nutrients

Question 7. In human respiratory system, the air enters the nostrils and is transported to the lungs through trachea. A particular connective tissue lines the trachea and prevents it from collapsing. Which connective tissue supports the trachea?

1. Adipose
2. Ligament
3. Tendon
4. Cartilage

Answer. 4. Cartilage

Question 8. The given figure illustrates a type of connective tissue. In the given figure, the structure labelled ‘X’ is composed of which types of cells?

1. Adipocytes
2. Osteocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Lymphocytes

Answer. 2. Osteocytes

Question 9. Polar bears live at the North Pole. They have a number of adaptations to enable them to live in the harsh conditions. For example, they have a thick layer of blubber (fat) up to 11 cm, which helps them in keeping warm while swimming in cold water. Which type of tissues helps the polar bear in the given situation?

1. Areolar tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Cartilage tissue
4. Skeletal tissue

Answer. 2. Adipose tissue

Question 10. The given illustration represents a type of muscle.

The type of muscle shown in the given illustration is likely to be found in the

1. muscles of arms
2. muscles of legs
3. stomach
4. heart

Answer. 3. stomach

Question 11. The given illustration represents a neuron. In the given illustration, the structure labeled I is the

1. nerve ending
2. cell body
3. dendrite
4. axon

Answer. 4. axon

Question 12. Which connective tissue helps in storing fats?

1. Tendon
2. Ligament
3. Adipose tissue
4. Areolar tissue

Answer. 3. Adipose tissue

Question 13. Bones and muscles are connected to each other with the help of a connective tissue. Which connective tissue joins muscles to bones?

1. Tendon
2. Ligament
3. Areolar tissue
4. Adipose tissue

Answer. 1. Tendon

Question 14. The given figure illustrates the structure of nerve cell.

All the activities of the cell are controlled by the part labelled as

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answer. 3. 3

Question 15. The given figure illustrates some animal tissues.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the cells in the given figure?

1. 4 transmits messages to 3.
2. 3 transports oxygen to 2.
3. 1 is synthesised by 4.
4. 3 is composed of 1.

Answer. 1. 4 transmits messages to 3.

Chapter 2 Tissues Competitive Worksheet

Question 1. The xylem is a complex permanent tissue, which is made of four different components. The tracheids and vessels are made up of dead cells and help in the vertical transportation of water and minerals. Which type of cells makes up the tracheids and vessels?

1. Aerenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Chlorenchyma
4. Sclerenchyma

Answer. 4. Sclerenchyma

Question 2. In an experiment to study parasitism in rice plants, it was found that a species of fungi was able to penetrate the stem of rice plant. The fungi produced chemicals which degraded

1. cellulose
2. cuticle
3. suberin
4. lignin

Answer. 2. cuticle

Question 3. Piyush cut a branch of a dicot plant and put it in blue ink. After 2 hours, he observed that the leaves as well as the stem had turned blue.

The parts of stem and leaf respectively which have turned blue first are

1. 1 and 3
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 4
4. 2 and 4

Answer. 1. 1 and 3

Question 4. The primary function of the cells of the nervous tissue is to

1. protect the internal organs
2. transmit stimulus
3. transport oxygen
4. aid in movement

Answer. 2. transmit stimulus

Question 5. Which tissue constitutes the husk of a coconut?

1. Aerenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
4. Chlorenchyma

Answer. 3. Sclerenchyma

Question 6. The given illustration represents a neuron.

In the given illustration, the cell body of the neuron is labelled as

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answer. 3. 3

Question 7. The given illustration represents a neuron. In the given illustration, the structure labelled X is the

1. axon
2. dendrite
3. cell body
4. nerve ending

Answer. 2. dendrite

Question 8. The given illustration represents a type of muscle fibre. The illustrated muscle fibre is present in the

1. heart
2. ureters
3. iris of the eyes
4. bronchi of the lungs

Answer. 1. heart

Question 9. Involuntary muscles control the movement of food in the alimentary canal. The cells of involuntary muscles are

1. cylindrical and uninucleate
2. cylindrical and multinucleate
3. spindle-shaped and uninucleate
4. spindle-shaped and multinucleate

Answer. 3. spindle-shaped and uninucleate

Question 10. Which of the following statements about bone is incorrect?

1. It stores fats
2. It is non-flexible and strong
3. It contains calcium and phosphorus compounds
4. It anchors muscles and protects the delicate organs of the body

Answer. 1. It stores fats

Question 11. Which of the following statements about blood is incorrect?

1. It transports gases to various parts of the body
2. It forms the framework of the body
3. It has a fluid matrix
4. It contains proteins

Answer. 2. It forms the framework of the body

Question 12. Which connective tissue transports gases, nutrients, and wastes to different body parts?

1. Bone
2. Blood
3. Ligament
4. Cartilage

Answer. 2. Blood

Question 13. What is the primary function of cuboidal epithelium?

1. To prevent wear and tear
2. To provide useful secretions
3. To prevent microbial infection
4. To provide mechanical support

Answer. 3. To prevent microbial infection

Question 14. The given figure represents a cell present in the inner lining of the gut.

Which epithelial tissue is represented in the given figure?

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Simple squamous epithelium
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Cuboidal epithelium

Answer. 3. Columnar epithelium

Question 15. Which illustration represents stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer.

4.

Question 16. Which epithelial tissue forms the lining of the mouth?

1. Stratified squamous
2. Simple squamous
3. Columnar
4. Cuboidal

Answer. 2. Simple squamous

Question 17. Which type of epithelium is present in the inner lining of the intestine?

1. Stratified squamous
2. Simple squamous
3. Columnar
4. Cuboidal

Answer. 3. Columnar

Question 18. Which type of epithelium is illustrated in the given figure?

1. Simple squamous
2. Stratified squamous
3. Cuboidal epithelium
4. Columnar epithelium

Answer. 2. Stratified squamous

Question 19. In plants, water and minerals are primarily transported through

1. tracheids and vessels
2. tracheids and sieve tubes
3. vessels and companion cells
4. sieve tubes and companion cells

Answer. 1. tracheids and vessels

Question 20. Phloem is a type of complex permanent tissue that helps in the translocation of food. Which component of phloem consists of dead cells?

1. Sieve tube
2. Phloem fibre
3. Companion cell
4. Phloem parenchyma

Answer. 2. Phloem fibre