Class 12 Physics Ohm’s Law Notes
Electric Current And Ohm’s Law Units Of Different Electrical Quantities
Unit of electric charge: The si unit of charge is coulomb (C). The amount of charge that deposits 0.001118 g of silver on the cathode by electrolyzing silver nitrate solution is called 1 coulomb.
CGS or Gaussian unit of electric charge is esu of charge or statcoulomb (statC).
1 C = 3 x 109 esu charge or simply, esu
By the way, the charge of an electron,
e = 1.6 X 10-19 C = 4.8 x 10-10 esu
Units of electrical quantities Class 12 notes
Short Notes on SI Units in Ohm’s Law
Unit of current: The unit of current in SI is ampere (A).
A current of 1 A is fairly large. So smaller units are generally used milliampere (1 mA = 10-3 A) and microampere (1ΩA = 10-6A).
CGS unit of current is esu of current or statampere (stat A).
1 A = 3 X 109 esu current or simply, esu
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Another unit of current is emu of current or abamp.
1 abamp = 1 emu current = c x 1 esu current
= 3 x 1010 esu current = 10 A
Here, velocity of light in vacuum = c = 3 x 1010 cm.s-1
WBBSE Class 12 Ohm’s Law Units Notes
Unit of potential difference:
The unit of electrical potential or potential difference in SI is volt (V). For very low and very high potential differences millivolt (1 mV = 10-3V) and kilovolt (lkV = 103V) are used respectively.
CGS unit ofpotential is esu ofpotential or statvolt (statV).
1 V = \(\frac{1}{300}\) esupotential
Another unit of potential difference is the emu of potential or a bvolt.
1 abvolt = 1 emu potential = \(\frac{1}{3 \times 10^{10}}\) potential
= 10-8V
Ohm’s Law And Electrical Units Class 12 Important Definitions of Electrical Quantities and Units
Unit Of resistance: The unit of resistance in SI is ohm (Ω). As 1 n resistance is considerably low, comparatively bigger units are often required. The units commonly used are kiloohm (\(1 \mathrm{k} \Omega=10^3 \Omega\)) and megaohm (\(1 \mathrm{M} \Omega=10^6 \Omega\)).
The CGS or Gaussian unit of resistance is esu of resistance or statohm (statΩ).
⇒ \(1 \Omega=\frac{1 \mathrm{~V}}{1 \mathrm{~A}}=\frac{\frac{1}{300}}{3 \times 10^9} \text { esu resistance }\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{9} \times 10^{-11} \text { esu resistance }\)
= 1.1 x 10-12 esuresistance
Another unit of resistance is emu of resistance or abohm.
1 abohm = 1 emu resistance = \(\frac{ 1 emu potential}{1 emu current}\)
⇒ \(\frac{10^{-8} \mathrm{~V}}{10 \mathrm{~A}}\)
= \(10^{-9} \Omega\)
or, 1 Ω = 109 emu resistance
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WBCHSE Class 12 Physics Ohm’s Law International Definitions of Coulomb, Ampere, Volt and Ohm:
International coulomb: The coulomb is the quantity of electricity carried in 1 s by a current of 1 A.
International ampere: 1 A is defined as the constant current that will produce an attractive force of 2 x 10-7 N per meter of length between two straight, parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross-section placed 1 m apart in a vacuum.
International volt: 1 V is \(\frac{1}{1.01830}\) of the emf of a standard Weston cadmium cell at 20°C.
International ohm: It is the resistance of a column of mercury of length 106.3 cm, cross-sectional area 1 mm2, and mass 14.4521 g kept at the melting point of ice (0°C).
In SI, an ampere Is a fundamental unit. All other units of electricity are derived units. Other units can be derived if the definition of ampere is known.
For Example,
coulomb = ampere x second volt = \(\frac{\text { Joule }}{\text { coulomb }}\)
ohm = \(\frac{\text { volt }}{\text { ampere }}\)