WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resources Of India

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Salient Points – At A Glance

1. According to Zimmerman (1957), a famous resource specialist, “Resource does not mean any object or matter, it is actually its function and process which makes that object or matter beneficial to man by fulfilling his demand.” In other words, the utility or function of any object or matter which is capable of meeting any demand is a resource. Thus ‘Resource is a medium through which a demand is fulfilled, be it an individual or a social demand.
2. Resources which are available in nature in limited quantities and diminish in a continual process of utilisation and cannot be replaced after being utilised are called non-renewable or fund or exhaustible resources.
3. Resources which are easily available in nature and can be used without being depleted, are called renewable or inexhaustible resources. For example- sunlight, wind, sea waves etc.
4. The resources that are rare and are available only in one place on the Earth are called uniquities or unique resources.
5. There are three resource-creating factors—nature, man and culture.

Read and Learn Also WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography And Environment

6. Materials which are available in nature and are of no use are called neutral stuff.
7. The phenomena which cause harm to man by hampering the growth of resources are called resistance barriers. Examples—are illiteracy; bigotry; natural hazards like floods, storms, etc.
8. The process by which waste materials are converted into new resources is called recycling. For example, broken or damaged iron, and aluminium objects are transformed into new materials by melting in factories.
9, Iron ore is a non-renewable or exhaustible resource.
10. Superior quality iron ore is magnetite (72% iron) and the inferior quality iron ore is siderite (48% iron).

11. The main basis of all industries are iron and steel industry.
12. Most of the deposited iron in India is of hematite type.
13. According to recent statistical data from the Indian Bureau of Mines, Odisha is the largest iron ore-producing state in India.
14. Coal is also known as black diamond as it has multiple uses and importance.
15. Anthracite is the best quality coal that contains 85%-95% of carbon.

16. Raniganj in West Bengal- is the oldest coalfield in India and Neyveli in Tamil Nadu is the largest lignite coalfield in India.
17. Coal and petroleum are found in the sedimentary rock strata.
32. Although coal is a fossil fuel, it is a sedimentary rock.
33. At present (2019) India is the second largest coal-producing country in the world after China.
34. ONGC is the largest oil-producing organisation in India.
35. Crude oil is a naturally occurring unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials.

36. Petroleum is also known as liquid gold for its importance.
37. Except the hydroelectric power, all types of conventional energy pollute the environment.
38. Hydroelectricity is also known as white coal.
39. Largest thermal power plant in India is located at Mundra in Gujarat.
40. World’s largest thermal power station is located at Taichung in Taiwan state of China.

41. Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River, China is the world’s largest hydroelectric power plant.
42. The Koyna Hydroelectric Project on the Koyna river, Maharastra is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India.
43. World’s first nuclear power station is located at Obninsk in Russia.
44. India’s first or oldest nuclear power station is located at Tarapur in Maharastra.
45. Non-conventional energies are eco-friendly. Since non-conventional energy does not cause pollution, it is also called Green Energy.
46. Solar energy is produced with the help of Solar Photovoltaic cells.
47. Gujarat holds the first position in India for maximum solar energy generation.
48. Tamil Nadu ranks first in India for maximum wind energy generation.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic A Location And Administrative Division Of West Bengal Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What do resources?
Answer:

Concept of resource:

The resource is a word that is frequently used to express something.

Previous concept: In the early period, only natural products like iron ore, coal, and petroleum were considered as resources.

Zimmerman’s concept: According to Zimmerman (1957), a famous resource specialist, “Resource does not mean any object or matter, it is actually its function and process which makes that object or matter beneficial to man by fulfilling his demand.” In other words, the utility or function of any object or matter which is capable of meeting any demand is a resource. Thus ‘Resource is a medium through which a demand is fulfilled, be it an individual or a social demand.

Present concept: Nowadays, the resource is defined as something from which a benefit is produced and that has some utility. A tangible or intangible thing or substance that fulfils the personal and social needs of human beings by its function is called a resource.

Example-
1. Presence of coal is not considered a resource, but the utility and functionality of coal in relation to human demand are considered a resource.

2. Unused land is not a resource. The land will be considered a resource when different types of crops (rice, wheat, etc.) are cultivated.

3. Coal, iron ore, and land are tangible substances because these have a physical existence but, substances like knowledge, education, intellect, social harmony, etc. are intangible because these do not have any physical existence. Therefore, these are non-material resources which have function and utility.

Earth Summit concept: Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 defined resource as anything which may have some functions that not only satisfy human needs at a given end but also ensure the conservation of the biosphere.

Example: Coal is used for its heat and light after being taken out of the mines and then it is called a resource. At the same time, it has to be seen that the fume emanating from using coal does not pollute the environment.

Question 2 Classify resources with examples.
Answer:

Classification of resources:

Resources can be classified on the basis of the following-

Basis of classification	Categories of resources	Examples
1. On the basis of resources -creating factors	1. natural 2. human resources 3. cultural resources	1. sunlight mineral resources water etc.
2. On the basis of biological factors	1. Organic resources CD Inorganic resource	1. fish, milk, wool etc. 2. Oxygen, iron ore, water etc,
3. On the basis of the difference between the stability and depletion of resources	1 Exhaustible or non-renewable resources 2. Inexhaustible or renewable resources 3. Renewable or replenishable resources 4. Temporarily reduced renewable resources 5. Usable or recyclable resources	1. Mineral oil. coal, copper etc 2. Solar power, hydroelectric power, thermal energy etc 3. forest, grasslands etc. indiscriminate Feng of trees (deforestation), damaging biodiversity etc. 4. Discarded aeon. AXiminium or scrap etc.
4. On the basis of availability	1. Existing resources 2. Potential resources	1. Hydroelectric power of the USA. 2. Hydroelectric power of Kenya and Congo
5. On the basis of distribution and	1. Resources available universally 2. Resources eas available 3. Rare resources 4. Equities or unique resources	1. Oxygen in the atmosphere 2. Water, sod etc. 3. Tin. petroleum etc. 4. Cryolite
6. On the basis of resource perception	1. Tangible resources 2. intangible resources	1. Coal, Iron ore etc 2. Education, law. innovative ideas etc.
7. On the basis of ownership of resources	1. individual resources 2. Social resources 3. National Resources 4. International resources	1. House, land, health etc. 2. School, library, hospital, etc. 3. Rivers, mines etc. 4. Ozane layer In the atmosphere, oceans, Antarctica landmass etc

Question 2 Give an account of different types of resources in India. Or, India is a resource-rich country Explain.
Answer:

Different types of resources in India:

There are a variety of resources in India. They are as follows—

1. Land resources:
1. The total area of India is about 32 lakhs 87 thousand sq. km.
2. India has the largest agricultural land among Asian countries and the. largest irrigated area in the world.

2. Water resources:
1. India is a land of rivers. Rivers like the Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc. with their large water content flow through India.
2. These rivers play an important role in areas of hydroelectric power production, water transport, supply of drinking water and irrigation water, deposition of fertile silt etc.
3. In spite of the fact that groundwater reserves are limited in amount, they are being utilised for drinking as well as irrigation purposes.

3. Forest resources:
1. Forests cover about 21.05 per cent of the total geographical area of India (India State Forest Report, 2011),
2. Valuable timber and other by-products are obtained from these forests.

4. Animal resources:
1. India is rich in biodiversity, especially in fauna (animal life). In terms of domestic animals and cattle, like goats, sheep, cows, buffaloes, yaks, etc. India ranks first in the world.
2. Huge quantities of milk and milk products, meat, hides and skins, eggs etc. are produced from these goats, sheep, pigs, poultry (ducks and hens) etc.

5. Fish resources:
In India fish is caught both from inland fresh-water rivers, lakes and ponds as well as from saline waters of the oceans (from the continental shelves of the oceans). India ranks sixth in fish production in the world and second in the production of inland fisheries.

6. Agricultural resources:
1. Since India is an agricultural country, large quantities of paddy, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute, oilseeds etc. are cultivated in the fertile plains and river valleys.
2. Besides, large quantities of tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, different types of spices, fruits and vegetables are also produced here.

7. Mineral resource:
1. India is rich in resources such as coal, iron ore, bauxite, mica, manganese, limestone etc.
2. However, petroleum is scarce in India.

8. Industrial resources:
India is quite developed in industries like cotton-textile, iron and steel, sugar, engineering, tea, jute, information technology, jewellery etc.

9. Human resources:
1. India has the second largest population in the world after China. Hence, India has a strong labour force.
2. The world’s largest productive population (young population) is in India. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that India is a resource-rich country.

Question 4 What is the need for conserving resources? Give an account of the measures taken to conserve resources.
Answer:

Need for conserving resources:

1. The ecological balance is maintained by conserving resources.
2. Natural growth is preserved in the case of biological or biotic resources.
3. Resources are retained to be used for the next generation (as a result of sustainable development of resources).
4. Economic growth is accelerated.
5. In some cases, resource conservation may also come to our aid during disaster management.

Measures are taken to conserve resources:

1. To increase the longevity of conventional resources like coal, and mineral oil by using renewable and non-conventional resources like solar power, wind energy etc.,
2. To curb the wastage of resources by application of proper technology,
3. To increase awareness and change man’s perception, for example, the use of steel instead of wood in furniture-making (forests can be preserved in this way),
4. To enhance the functional capacity of resources, for example, the development of a multi-purpose river valley project can be encouraged by building more dams across rivers,
5. Re-using and recycling resources. For example, damaged aluminium utensils can be melted to manufacture new utensils,
6. To collect resources by using scientific methods,
7. To conserve resources by implementing government policies,
8. To protect resources from being damaged by natural disasters,
9. To control population growth worldwide, so that demand for resources is reduced.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions Marks

Question 1 Define resources.
Answer:

Concept of resource: Resource is a word that is frequently used to express something.

Previous concept: In the early period, only natural products like iron ore, coal, and petroleum were considered resources.

Example-

1. Presence of coal is not considered a resource, but the utility and functionality of coal in relation to human demand are considered a resource.

2. Unused land is not a resource. The land will be considered a resource when different types of crops (rice, wheat, etc.) are cultivated.

For example, Coal is used for its heat and light after being taken out of the mines and then it is called a resource. At the same time, it has to be seen that the fume emanating from using coal does not pollute the environment.

Question 2 Describe the functional theory of resources.
Answer:

Functional Theory Of Resources:-

Resources are very important to mankind. The resource does not refer to a thing or substance, resource is the utility and functionality of a thing or a substance that satisfies human needs. The ability to satisfy the personal and social needs of human beings is known as utility and i.e. resource. For example, the existence of coal beneath the Earth’s surface is not considered a resource, the ability of energy generation is the functionality of coal through which man satisfies their own needs. Therefore, the functionality of coal is a resource.

Similarly, the land is not considered a resource, but the fertility and function of the land are a resource. Intangible things or substances are also considered resources. For this, knowledge, intellect, education, social harmony, etc. are also considered resources, because these have functionality which fulfils human needs. Thus, functionality is the main criterion or characteristic of a resource.

Question 3 What are the controlling factors of the resources?
Answer:

The controlling factors of resources are—

1. Culture: Cultural development brings changes to the functionality of the resources. In this way, neutral stuff is turned into resources.

2. Place and time: The utility of an object changes with the changing place and course of time. For example, in the early period, radioactive material was considered a barrier in the course of development but at present, this is used to generate power in developed countries.

3. Technology: Technology or mechanical efficiency has increased the functionality of a resource. Demand, population etc. are also important to control the functionality of a resource.

Question 4 Describe the functional theory of resources used and creating resources?
Answer:

There are 3 main factors responsible for creating resources—

1. Nature,
2. Man,
3. Culture.

1. Nature: Nature acts as a resource-creating factor in two ways—

1 By providing all the materials and
2. By providing the environment to create resources.

2. Man: Resource is created for man and by man. Man plays a dual role in course of resource creation and consumption. Man is the most important resource-creating factor.

3. Culture: Culture plays an important role as a resource-creating factor. Culture is the combined product of man and nature. They play important roles in creating resources either individually or in a combined manner. For example—in early times, coal was found lying idle in nature as natural stuff. Later, a man with his ingenuity and cultural advance learnt to excavate coal from beneath the earth’s surface and started to put it to use for his own benefit. Thus, in this care, nature, man and culture have all played their roles in a combined way.

Question 5 What is meant by natural or physical, human and cultural barriers or obstacles? Or, What are the natural, human and cultural resistance?
Answer:

Natural Or Physical, Human And Cultural Barriers Or Obstacles:-

The phenomena which cause harm to man by hampering the growth of resources, are called barriers or resistance.

They are—

1. Natural barrier/Natural resistance: When a natural or physical phenomenon acts as a barrier in the creation of a resource, it is called a natural barrier or natural resistance. For example, severe storms, thunderstorms, cyclones, floods etc.

2. Human barrier/Human resistance: When human activities interfere with the creation of resources it is called a human barrier or human resistance. Example War, Scarce Population, Over Population.

3. Cultural barrier/Cultural resistance: When any cultural factor acts as a barrier to creating resources, it is called a cultural barrier or cultural resistance. Examples of religious fanaticism, superstition, etc.

Question 6 How does man hinder the creation and development of resources?
Answer:

Man Hinder The Creation And Development Of Resources:-

Demand is the sole factor for the creation of resources for man. Man himself creates resources to be used for his own benefit. Again, the man himself acts as a hindering factor in creating and developing resources to satisfy his needs.

Some human activities that impede the creation of resources are as follows—

1. Over-exploitation of resources: Over-exploitation and over-usage of resources have led to the permanent depletion of resources.

2. Deforestation: There is a constant and indiscriminate destruction of forests (deforestation) which results from man’s greed and self-centeredness.

3. Unscientific way of farming: Soil is polluted and fertility is also decreased as a result of unscientific farming.

4. Social problems: Huge quantities of resources are being destroyed in many parts of the world as a result of warfare, revolts, riots etc. Thus, a man not only creates resources out is also responsible for destroying them.

Question 7 Make a comparison between fund resources and flow resources.
Answer:

A comparison between fund resources and flow resources is as follows—

Point of comparison	Fund resources	Flow resources
1. Amount	The amount of fund resources are specific and limited.	The amount of flow resources is indefinite and unlimited.
2. Exhaustibility	Fund resources are exhausted due to gradual or regular usage.	Flow resources do not exhaust due to gradual or regular usage. But anything or material is exhausted in terms of time.
3. Distribution	These resources are available in some specific places of the world.	Their resources are available universally.
4. Transportability	Fund resources cause is transportable.	Flow resources are non-transportable.
5. Usage	Fund resources are used as raw materials in the industry.	Flow resources are used to generate power.
6. Environmental pollution	Usage of fund resources causes pollution.	Flow resources are generally eco-friendly.

Question 8 Write the difference between materialistic and non-materialistic resources.
Answer:

The difference between materialistic and non-materialistic resources are as follows—

Point of difference	Materialistic resources	Non-materialistic resources
1. Tangibility	Materialistic resources are tangible in nature.	Non-materialistic resources Non-materialistic resources are intangible in nature.
2. Visibility	These resources have physical existence and can be seen with our eyes.	These resources cannot be seen with our eyes as they do not have any physical existence.
3. Source	Sources of these resources are directly or indirectly connected with nature.	Mainly man creates these types of resources.

Question 9 Write the differences between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer:

The differences between renewable and non-renewable resources are as follows—

Point of difference	Renewable resources	Non-renewable resources
1. Exhaustibility	Renewable resources do not exhaust due to gradual or regular usage.	Non-Renewable resources exhaust due to gradual or regular usage.
2. Replenishment	These resources replenish on their own.	These resources can not be renewed or replenished.
3. Cost effective	Renewable resources are more cost-effective.	Non-renewable resources are less cost-effective.

Question 10 Write the differences between exhaustible and inexhaustible resources.
Answer:

The differences between exhaustible and inexhaustible resources are as follows—

Point Of Difference	Exhaustible Resources	Inexhaustible Resources
1. Recycled/ Renewed	The exhaustible resource cannot be renewed or recycled.	Inexhaustible resources are renewed or recycled.
2. Cost-effective	Procurement of this resource is costly.	Procurement of this resource is not so costly. It is more cost-effective.
3. Environment pollution	The usage of these resources may cause environmental pollution.	There is no risk of environmental pollution due to the usage of these resources.

Question 11 What are the differences between neutral stuff and resources?
Answer:

The differences between neutral stuff and resources are as follows—

point of difference	Neutral stuff	Resources
1. Utility	Neutral stuff does not have any utility. For example, barren land.	Resources have utility, for example, coal.
2. Nature	The concept of neutral stuff is static in nature.	The concept of resources is dynamic in nature.
3. Importance/ Significance	The significance of its usage is very low	The significance of its usage is higher, very low.

Question 12 Write the differences between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:

The differences between conventional sources of energy and non-conventional sources are as follows—

point of difference	Conventional sources of energy	Non Conventional sources of energy
1. Usage	This type of energy has been in use for a long period of time. E.g.—coal.	The use of this type of energy has gained popularity recently. E.g.-tidal energy.
2. Environment pollution	Except for hydroelectricity, the use of all other conventional sources of energy causes environmental pollution.	The use of non-conventional sources of energy does not cause any pollution.
3. Storage	Sources of this type of energy are exhaustible (except hydroelectricity).	Sources of this type of energy are inexhaustible.

Question 13 Write the differences between tangible and intangible resources.
Answer:

The main differences between tangible and intangible resources and social resources are as follows—

Point of difference	Tangible resources	Intangible resources
1. Tangibility	These resources are tangible in nature. For example, minerals, crops, forests, etc.	These resources are intangible in nature. For example, skill, education, health, etc.
2. Visibility	These resources have physical existence and can be seen with our eyes.	These resources can not be seen with our eyes as they do not have any physical existence.

Question 14 What are the differences between personal/individual and social resources?
Answer:

The main differences between personal/individual resources and social resources are as follows—

Point of difference	Personal / Individual resources	Social resources
1. Concept	Personal resources are owned/ controlled by an individual. For example, house, car, and education.	Social resources are owned/controlled by the whole society. For example, schools, hospitals, etc.
2. Durability	The social durability of this type of resource is low. Its use is restricted to one or a few persons.	This resource is more for the use of general people. It is used for the benefit of many people in society.
3. Creation	This resource is created by an individual or he gets it as hereditary ownership/legacy.	This type of resource is created by the collective effort of many people from within the society.

Question 15 What are the differences between biotic and abiotic resources?
Answer:

The differences between biotic or organic and abiotic or inorganic resources are as follows—

Point of difference	Biotic or organic resources	Abiotic or inorganic resources
1. Concept	Resources that are obtained from living organisms are biotic resources. For example, fish, forest, and cattle.	Resources that are obtained from nonliving objects are known as abiotic resources. For example, water, minerals, etc.
2. Durability	It is a renewable resource. If used properly this resource can last for a long time.	Though mostly this type of resource is non-renewable, it is not destroyed quickly

Question 16 ‘Man is sometimes responsible for destroying resources.’ Explain.
Answer:

Man not only creates resources but also destroys them. For example—

1. Forests are lost due to the indiscriminate felling of trees, thereby causing irreversible damage to the ecosystem.
2. Fertility of the land is diminished as a result of unscientific agricultural practices.
3. Quantities of fish are reduced as a result of excessive and unscientific methods of fishing.
4. Resources are destroyed as a result of warfare, and riots.
5. Pollution of water, land and wind is caused as a result of excessive use of fossil fuels.

Question 17 Why is the use of conventional sources of energy reducing day by day in modern times?
Answer:

The reasons for the decreasing use of conventional sources of energy are—

1. Depletion: Various sources of conventional energy like coal, mineral oil etc, have already diminished due to over-exploitation.

2. Pollution: Except for hydroelectric power, all other conventional sources of energy lead to pollution.

3. Expensive: Conventional sources of energy are more expensive.

Question 18 Man is both the creator and destroyer of resources.’ Explain.
Answer:

Man Is Both The Creator And Destroyer Of Resources:-

Man creates resources. All the resources by him. He uses and benefits from these resources which he creates using his intellect, knowledge, technical skill etc.

On the other hand, man is a destroyer of resources. Some resources are depleted after over-exploitation and excessive use by man. Resources are lost as a result of man’s ignorance and never-ending greed. Riots and warfare also damage resources. Prof Zimmerman has called it a ‘dual role of man’.

Question 19 Why population is called a resource?
Answer:

Population Is Called A Resource:-

Population is considered to be a resource if it possesses relevant philosophy, wisdom and super functionality. According to Prof. Zimmerman, ‘Man’s own wisdom is his, main resource,’ this acts as an opener of the world’s resources.

The supply of labour is supported by the size of the population. It is man’s demand that creates resources. Higher-quality resources are created by people with more advanced knowledge and technical skill. A well-educated and technically skilled population is a valuable resource for any country. In India, most of people cannot be considered a resource as they do not have the necessary skill. Smaller countries like Canada, Australia and others also can not develop the full potential of the resources due to scarce population.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Answer Type Questions Marks

Question 1 What is neutral stuff?
Answer:

Neutral Stuff:-

Materials which are available in nature and are of no use are called neutral stuff. For example, a piece of rocky barren land.

Question 2 What are the two main features of a resource?
Answer:

The two main features of resources are—

1. Utility: To fill in the gap of demand for resources.
2. Functionality: It meets the paucity of the supply of resources of mankind by providing its utility.

For example, thermal power is derived from burning fossil fuel and this is its utility. When this thermal power becomes beneficial to mankind by way of many facilitating activities, this is its functionality.

Question 3 What are natural resources?
Answer:

Natural Resources:-

The resources which are easily available from nature are called natural resources. For example, sunlight, wind, fertile soil along river banks, etc.

Question 4 What are non-renewable or exhaustible resources?
Answer:

Non-Renewable or Exhaustible Resources:-

Resources which are available in nature in limited quantities and diminish in a continual process of utilisation and cannot be replaced or replenished after being utilised are called non-renewable or exhaustible resources. For example, coal, mineral oil, etc.

Question 5 What are renewable or inexhaustible resources?
Answer:

Renewable Or Inexhaustible Resources:-

Resources which are easily available in nature and can be used over and over again without getting depleted, are called renewable or inexhaustible resources. For example, sunlight, wind, sea waves, etc.

Question 6 What is a regional resource?
Answer:

Regional Resource:-

The resource which is available in and restricted to any particular region is called a regional resource. For example, coal, iron ore, gold, etc.

Question 7 What is a biotic resource?
Answer:

Biotic Resource:-

The resource which is obtained from the biological (flora and fauna) world is called an abiotic resource. For example, wood, milk, meat, etc.

Question 8 What is an intangible resource?
Answer:

Intangible Resource:-

The resource which cannot be touched is called an intangible resource. This type of resource can be obtained from the cultural environment of mankind. For example, education, skill, etc.

Question 9 What is a potential resource?
Answer:

Potential Resource:-

The resource which is available in nature and also has utility and functionality, but cannot be exploited and used due to inaccessibility of the places where it is found is, called a potential resource. For example, the vast iron-covered land in Antarctica.

Question 10 What is a unique resource?
Answer:

Unique Resource:-

The resource i.e. rare and available only in one place on the Earth is known as a uniquity or unique resource. For example, the natural cryolite of Greenland.

Question 11 What is the conservation of resources?
Answer:

Conservation Of Resources:-

The term conservation means to preserve a certain thing for a specific purpose. When a resource is utilised in a limited way scientifically, reducing its over-exploitation and wastage and thereby preserving that particular resource, is called conservation of the resource. The concept of reducing (the exploitation and use), re-using and re-cycling is applied here.

Question 12 What are mineral resources?
Answer:

Mineral Resources

The resources which are derived from digging or drilling of the Earth’s surface are called mineral resources. For example, coal, mineral oil or petroleum etc. These resources have specific physical and chemical compositions.

Question 13 What are the aims of conserving resources?
Answer:

The aims of conserving resources are—

1. To preserve the quality of environmental resources,
2. To conserve the resource for the next generation (sustainable development),
3. To increase the utility and function of resources,
4. To prevent wastage of resources.

Question 14 Discuss the salient features of resources.
Answer:

Resource is a matter which is capable of fulfilling the lack of supply or demand.

The salient features of a resource are its-

1. Utility,
2. Function,
3. Acceptability,
4. applicability,
5. Universal Demand,
6. Availability,
7. Restricted Or Limitedness,
8. Reducibility,
9. Environment-Friend¬Liness,
10. Capability- Of Conserving Biodiversity.

Question 15 What are cultural resources?
Answer:

Cultural Resources

Cultural resources are those resources which are developed by the brain power of man such as knowledge, skill, literacy, etc. Man is the creator of cultural resources.

Question 16 What are the obstacles to resources?
Answer:

Obstacles To Resources:-

Factors which act as barriers to creating resources or destroying resources are considered to be obstacles to resources. For example, storms, war, etc.

Question 17 What are national resources?
Answer:

National Resources:-

Those resources which are under the control of any state or country are called national resources.

Question 18 What are social resources?
Answer:

Social Resources:-

Resources which are under the control of society and fulfil the demands of society, are called social resources. For example, school, college, hospital, etc.

Question 19 What are international resources?
Answer:

International Resources:-

Resources which do not belong to any individual or any country, but are meant for mankind as a whole are called international resources. For example, oceans, Antarctica, the ozone layer, etc.

Question 20 What are resource-creating factors?
Answer:

Resource-Creating Factors:-

The resource-creating factors are of three types—nature, human and culture. They play important roles in creating resources either individually or in a combined manner.

Question 21 What is recycling of resources?
Answer:

Recycling Of Resources:-

The process by which waste materials are converted into new resources is called recycling. For example, broken or damaged iron, and aluminium objects are transformed into new materials by melting in factories.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [Mcq Type]

Write The Correct Answer From The Given, Alternatives

1. A renewable resource is—
1. Wind
2. Petroleum
3. Iron
4. Coal

Answer: 1. Wind

2. A non-renewable resource is—
1. Sunlight
2. Gold
3. Wind
4. Geothermal Power

Answer: 2. Gold

3. A valuable cultural resource is—
1. Education
2. Population
3. Water
4. Land

Answer: 1. Education

4. An example of an international resource is—
1. School
2. Water
3. Land
4. Ozone Layer

Answer: 4. Ozone Layer

5. Forest is a—
1. Cultural Resource
2. Natural Resource
3. Human Resource
4. Abiotic Resource

Answer: 2. Natural Resource

6. Education is a(n)—
1. Intangible Resource
2. Tangible Resource
3. Human Resource
4. Biotic/Biological Resource

Answer: 1. Intangible Resource

7. Seafish is a—
1. Permanent Resource
2. Renewable Resource
3. Cultural Resource
4. Human Resource

Answer: 2. Renewable Resource

8. A social resource is—
1. Wind
2. Knowledge
3. Health
4. Educational Institution

Answer: 4. Educational Institution

9. A resource which is found universally is—
1. Wind
2. Mineral Resource
3. Culture
4. School

Answer: 1. Wind

10. A tangible resource is—
1. Tree
2. Education
3. Sunlight
4. Wind

Answer: 1. Tree

11. According to resource-creating factors, an example of human resource is—
1. Forest
2. Knowledge
3. Labourforce
4. Soil

Answer: 3. Labourforce

12. Which resource have an important effect on the Indian economy?
1. Water resource
2. Solar energy
3. Wind energy
4. Iron ore

Answer: 4. Iron ore

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Words

1. A substance or matter which has functionality and is utility called a resource.

2. After discovering a new resource the utility of an older resource is reduced

3. A resource may be both tangible and intangible.

4. Innovative thinking of a man is a type of human resource.

5. Three main resources creating components are nature, man and culture

6. 21.05 per cent of the land is covered by forest in India.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Match The Left Column With The Right Column

Left column	Right column
1. Biotic resources	A. Railway
2. Abiotic resources	B. school
3. Social resources	C.Fish
4. National Resources	D. Iron ore

Answer: 1-C,2-D,3-B,4-A

Left column	Right column
1. Exhaustible resources	A. sunshine
2. Flow resources	B. Coal
3. Uniquities resources	C. forest
4. Renewable resources	D. Commercial cryolite

Answer: 1-B,2-A,3-D,4-C

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Answer One Or Two Words

Question 1 Which type of resource is found in only one place in the world?
Answer: Uniquity or unique resource.

Question 2 What are those matters which do not have any utility or function known as?
Answer: Neutral stuff.

Question 3 What is the capability of fulfilling the gap of resources called?
Answer: Utility.

Question 4 What are the resources which are derived from nature called?
Answer: Natural resources.

Question 5 What are the resources derived from the biological world called?
Answer: Biotic or biological resources.

Question 6 What are the resources which cannot be touched known as?
Answer: Intangible resources.

Question 7 What type of resource involves man’s knowledge, intellect and technical skill?
Answer: Cultural resource.

Question 8 What type of resources are under the control of a country?
Answer: National resources.

Question 9 How many types of barriers are there to creating resources?
Answer: Three.

Question 10 Under what type of resources can the resources of Antarctica be categorised?
Answer: International resource.

Question 11 What is India’s rank in the world in terms of the total population?
Answer: Second.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Topic B Mineral Resources Of India—Iron Ore Long Answer Questions

Question 1 Classify iron ore. What are the uses of iron ore?
Answer:

Classification of iron ore: On the basis of the amount of pure iron ore which is obtained after hauling up the mineral from the mine, it can be divided into four categories.

These are—

Type of iron ore	Amount of iron ore (in %)	Colour	Salient features
1. Magnetite (Fe304)	>72%	Black	Iron ore of superior quality.
2. Haematite (Fe203)	60%-70%	Red, Dark brown	Salient features Abundantly found good quality iron ore.
3. Limonite (2Fe203, 3H20)	40%-60%	Yellowish brown	Iron ore of medium quality.
4. Siderite (FeC03)	40%-50%	Greyish brown, greyish yellow	Iron ore of most inferior quality.

Uses of iron ore: Iron ore can be melted down to obtain pure iron from which cast iron and pig iron are produced. Steel is produced by mixing proportionate amounts of manganese, ‘ nickel, tungsten, etc. with pure iron.

These iron and steel are used for various purposes, such as—

1. For manufacturing tools and instruments like boilers, radiators, etc.,
2. For manufacturing ships, railway engines, wheels of trains, cycles, etc.,
3. For manufacturing different types of weapons used in warfare, e.g.—tanks, rifles, etc.
4. for making agricultural implements like an axe, ploughs, tractors, etc.,
5. Objects used for domestic purposes like scissors, knives, needles, etc.,
6. Construction of houses like rods, frills, etc.,
7. For making vehicles used in transport, like buses, trucks, automobiles, etc. Besides these, iron and steel are also used in the manufacture of factories, bridges, etc. This age is known as the ‘Iron Age’ because of the excessive use of iron and steel, in modern civilisation.

Question 2 Give an account of iron ore mining areas in India. Mention the reserves and the trade capacity of India in iron ore.
Answer:

Distribution of iron ore in India:

The areas of iron-ore mining in India are—

State	Area of mining	Important information
1. Odisha	Gorumahisani, Sulaipat, Badampahar (Mayurbhanj district), Banshpani, Thakurani, Bagiaburu, Kiriburu (Keonjhar District), Bonai, Barsura (Sundergarh district), Daitari (Cuttack), Amarkot (Koraput district), Sambalpur.	1. Odisha ranks first in Iron ore mining in India, 2. Haematite Iron Ore (iron content is more than 60%) is found here.
2. Chattisgarh	Dalli Rajhara (Durg district), Bailadila, Raoghat (Bastar district).	1. Chattishgarh holds the second position in the mining of iron ore. 2. Best quality Haematite iron ore is found here.
3. Karnataka	Baba Budangiri (Chikmagalur district), Sandur-Hospet, Donimalai, Devagiri, Kumaraswnmi and Ramandurg (Bellary), Huliyar/Kudramukh (Chitradurga district), Arasul (SKlmoga district).	Karnataka holds the third position in the mining of iron ore.
4. Jharkhand	Area of mining Meghahatburu, Gua, Jamda, Kiriburu, Noamundi, Chiriya, Notuburu, Pansiraburu, Dublabera (West Singbhum district), Daltonganj (Paiamou district).	1. Jharkhand ranks fourth in the mining of iron ore. 2. Best quality Haematite iron ore is found here.
5. Goa	Bicholim, Sirigao, Pirna, Mapusa, Onda. Satari, Sanguem, Ponda.’	Goa holds the fifth position in the mining of iron ore.
6. Other states	Khammam, Krishna, Ananthpur, Telengana, Andhra, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), Chandrapur (Maharashtra), Jaipur, Alwar, Bundi, Bhilwara, Udaipur (Rajasthan), Mahendragar (Haryana), Kangra (Himachal Pradesh), Salem (Tamil Nadu).

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india india iron ore

State-wise production of iron ore (2016-2017)

State	Production (‘000 ton)
Odisha	99614
Chattisgarh	31068
Karnataka.	26363
Jharkhand	21335

State	Production (‘000 ton)
Goa	8933
Madhya Pradesh	1730
Maharastra	1321
Rajasthan	1228

Reserves and trade of iron ore in India:

Reserves and trade of iron ore in India are as follows—

Reserves: India has a reserve of about 3328 crore tonnes of iron ore. In the year 2015-16, India exported 50 lakh tons and imported 48 lakh tons of iron ore.

Trade: Japan, South Korea, Germany, Italy, and China, are some of the countries which import iron ore from India. South Africa, Oman, Brazil, and Australia are some of the countries that export iron ore to India.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions Marks

Question 1 Why is iron considered to be an aid in modern civilisation and industrialisation?
Answer:

Iron Considered To Be An Aid In Modern Civilisation And Industrialisation:-

Iron is the carrier of modern civilisation. It is because of its multifarious use and importance, that the modern age is known as the iron age.

Iron aids in modern civilisation and industrialisation in the following ways—

1. Iron is used to manufacture pig iron or iron lumps.
2. A host of industries is dependent on iron such as industries related to the manufacturing of tools and machinery, the light and heavy engineering industry, the automobile industry, etc. Manufacturing of alloys, building construction materials, agricultural implements and a number of household products are also made from iron.

Question 2 Why iron is called a fund resource?
Answer:

Iron Is Called A Fund Resource:-

Fund resources are exhaustible in nature and the amount of fund resources is specific and limited. Iron is called a fund resource because the reserve of iron is limited and even iron is not available in every place in the world. The reserve of iron is gradually decreasing due to excessive use. Though a small amount of iron can be restored through the process of recycling but in future, these will be exhausted

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Classify iron ore
Answer:

Classification Of Iron Ore:-

Iron ore can be classified into four groups on the basis of the amount of iron content and quality of iron,

These are—
1. Magnetite (Fe304),
2. Haematite (Fe203),
3. Limeonite(2Fe203, 3H20) and
4. Siderite (FeC03).

Question 2 Why iron is called a fund resource?
Answer:

Iron Is Called A Fund Resource:-

Question 4 What is more? Give an example.
Answer:

More:-

Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals. Those minerals contain large amounts of metallic elements from which metal can be extracted easily. ‘Ore’ means a metal¬bearing mineral or rock.,

For example— Magnetite in ore of iron.

Question 5 What is pig iron?
Answer:

Pig Iron:-

Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry. It is also known as crude iron which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace at high temperatures (900°C-130CTC). Pig iron is pure in nature. The amount of carbon is very high in pig iron.

Question 6 What is scrap iron?
Answer:

Scrap Iron

Waste iron, used article made of iron is known as scrap iron. Scrap iron does not contain any impurities or slags. Sponge iron is manufactured by smelting scrap iron.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [Mcq Type]

Write The Correct Answer From The Given, Alternatives

1. Which of the following centre is famous for the extraction of iron ore?
1. Bonsai
2. Jharia
3. Jamshedpur
4. Kolaghat

Answer: 1. Bonsai

2. The biggest coal mining centre is—
1. Raniganj
2. Jharia
3. Singareni
4. Badampahar

Answer: 2. Jharia

3. The best quality iron ore is
1. Magnetite
2. Haematite
3. Limonite
4. Siderite

Answer: 1. magnetite

4. Iron ore is found in Badampahar which is located in the state of—
1. Goa
2. Karnataka
3. Odisha
4. Jharkhand

Answer: 3. Odisha

5. Iron ore is found in Karnataka which is located at—
1. Sirigaon
2. Badampahar
3. Budaburu
4. Bababudan

Answer: 2. Badampahar

6. Rank of Odisha in India in the mining of iron ore
1. First
2. Second
3. Third
4. Fourth

Answer: 1. First

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

1. Most of the iron ore of India is of the Haematite variety.

2. Steel is an example of an alloy.

3. Mineral reserve of India is the Chotanagpur plateau

4. Superior quality of iron ore is magnetite

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If Flase, Write False Against The Following

1. Magnetite is an example of superior-quality coal. False

2. Superior quality of iron is haematite. False

3. Steel is an alloy. True

4. India exports iron ore to China. True

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match The Left Column With The Right Column

Left column	Right column
1. superior quality of iron ore	A. Wrought iron
2. Lowest quality of iron ore	B. siderite
3. superior quality of iron	C. Bog iron
4. Low-grade iron	D. Magnetite

Answer: 1-D,2-B,3-A,4- C

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

Question 1 What is India’s rank in the world in terms of iron ore export?
Answer: Fifth.

Question 2 How many types of iron are found on the basis of the purity of ore?
Answer: Four types.

Question 3 Name a place in Odisha where iron is found.
Answer: Gorumahisani.

Question 4 Mineral Resources of India
Answer: Coal

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic C Mineral Resources Of India: Coal long answer type question

Question 1 Give an account of coal giving its classification.
Answer:

Classification of coal:

The main component of coal is carbon. Other matters like volatile matter, moisture and other impurities are also present in coal. On the basis of the percentage of carbon present in coal.

It is classified into four groups—

Type of coal	Amount of carbon	Other components		Quality	Production with respect to the world’s total coal production
		Volatile matter (in %)	Moisture (in %)
1. Anthracite	85%*95%	3%-5%	Residual	Superior quality (best)	0.05
2. Bituminous	50%-85%	10%-30%	Residual Residua!	Moderately good quality Low quality	About 80% About 15%
3. Lignite	35%-50%	20%-35%	Residual	Worst quality	Not used much

Anthracite: It is the best quality of coal. It has 85%-95% of carbon content but is scarcely found in India. It is hard and shiny black in colour. It does not emanate smoke burnt. It is usually used in houses for temperature. when control room

2. Bituminous: This type of coal is moderately good and the carbon content is 50%-85%. Most of the world’s coal reserves are of this type. It is black in colour but is not so shiny. It is not much hard and gives off smoke when burnt, Coke is produced from this type of coal and it is used extensively in the iron and steel industry. Besides, it is also used to produce water vapour and most of the by-products are obtained, from this type of coal.

3. Lignite: This is inferior in quality and the carbon content ranges from’ 35%-50%. It is black or brown in colour and gives off smoke when burnt. It is used to keep houses warm and also to produce water vapour.

4. Peat: This contains less than 35% of carbon and that is why peat is not considered to be coal by many geologists. When brunt, wood is found in it and the odour of the smoke is also that of wood. Its fuel efficiency is less, generates very little heat and emanates much smoke. When the carbon content of coal is very high (about 99%) it is called graphite and the lead of pencil is made from it.

Question 2 Mention the different uses of by-products of coal.
Answer:

By-products of coal and their use: By-products of coal are used for different purposes, like—

1. Tar:
After processing tar, a number of matters are obtained, like—

1. Bitumen: It is used for constructing roads.
2. Creosote: A variety of pesticides are developed from it.
3. Naphthalene: It is used as a pesticide.
4. Phenol: It is used primarily as a pesticide.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india india by products of coal

2. Toluene or T.N.T.: It is used to produce explosives.
3. Saccharine: It is sweeter than sugar and is mainly used as a medicine.
4. Ammonium Sulphate: It is used as a freezing agent and fertiliser.
5. Benzol: It is used to make paints.
6. Pyridine: It is used to obtain paint and also used to vulcanize rubber.

Actually, there are numerous by-products (about 1,500 according to some and even more than 15,000 according to others) of coal, most of these are used as raw materials in the chemical industries and therefore boost this industry.

Question 3 Give a brief account of the coal mining areas in India. Mention the coal reserves and trade of coal.
Answer: Coal mining areas in India: The coal extracting regions in India are discussed under two subheads.
These are—

1. Coal of the Gondwana Age: This type of coal originated about 28-30 million years ago About 99% of India’s coal reserves belong to this age.

This coal is mainly of bituminous type The regions from where Gondwana coal is extracted are as follows—

Region	Location	Important information
1. Damodar Valley	Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpura, Giridih, Ramgarh, Daltonganj (Jharkhand), Raniganj, Asansol, Mejia, Jamuria, Andal (West Bengal).	1. Jharkhand holds the first position in coal mining in India. 2. 40% of the coking coal reserves of India are concentrated in Jharia. 3. West Bengal ranks fourth among coal-producing states.
2. Mahanadi Valley	Talcher, Sambalpur (Odisha), Korba (Chattisgarh).	Odisha ranks second among the coal-producing states of India.
3. Son Valley	Jhilimili, Bishrampur, Chirimiri (Chattisgarh), Umaria, Sohagpur, Singrauli, Patharkhera (Madhya Pradesh).	1. Chattisgarh holds the third position in the production of coal in India. 2. Madhya Pradesh ranks fifth among the coal-producing states.
4. Godavari Valley	Singareni, Antargaon, Tandur, Yellandu, Kothagudem, Karlapalli, Kamaram (Andhra Pradesh including Telangana).	Andhra Pradesh including Telangana holds the sixth position in coal production in India.
5. Wradha and Wainganga Valley	Warora, Chandrapur, Ballarpur, Rajura, Umrer, Wani, Kampti.	Maharashtra holds the seventh position in coal production in India.
6. Other areas	Rangit (Sikkim), Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh), Panandhro, Bharuch (Gujarat), Udhampur (Jammu and Kashmir), Makum (Assam), Neyveli (Tamil Nadu).

2. Coal of the Tertiary Age: During the formation of the Himalayas, about 6-7 million years ago, this type of coal was deposited. This coal is mostly of lignite type.
The regions from where Gondwana coal is extracted are as follows—

1. Makum, Najira, Jeypore, Janji, and Disai in Assam;
2. Namphuk, Namchuk and others in Arunachal Pradesh;
3. Cherrapunji, Mauling and Tura in Meghalaya;
4. Bagrakot near Darjeeling and Teenjharia in West Bengal;
5. Kalakot, Methka, Chakar and Ladda in Jammu and Kashmir;
6. Umarsar in Gujarat;
7. Palana in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan;
8. Bharkala in Kerala;
9. Neyveli in the South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu; Neyveli is the largest storehouse of lignite coal in India.
Production of coal in India (2016-2017)— State Coal reserves (in crore tons)

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india coal mining areas of india

Reserves and trade of coal in India are as follows—

1. Reserves: Coal reserves in India is about 31515 crore tonnes. India ranks fifth in the world in terms of coal reserves.

2. Trade: Small quantities of coal are exported to Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Japan, Nepal, Hong Kong and other countries. Coal is imported from South Africa, Australia, China, Ukraine and Russia.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What is coke?
Answer:

Coke:-

When the grade of bituminous coal is improved through various processes in a coke furnace, it is called coke. The impurities present in coal such as inorganic matter, soil, rocky matter, water, etc. are removed through processing in a coke oven or furnace and the quality of coal is thus improved.

Coke is used in the following ways—

1. Used for the purpose of producing thermal power.
2. It is widely used for the extraction of metal from the original ore.

Question 2 Why is coal known as a stratified organic rock?

Answer:

Coal Known As A Stratified Organic Rock:-

When plant remains are buried underground over millions of years, intense heat and pressure exerted on them bring about a change. The carbon accumulated in the trunks of these trees and plants undergoes chemical reactions which turn them into coal. The coal is accumulated in between the layers or strata of sedimentary rocks and this is actually a hydrocarbon compound. Since coal is formed as a result of the accumulation of plant remains and as a stratified sedimentary formation, it is called a stratified organic rock.

Question What are the differences between coal from Gondwana Age and coal from Tertiary Age?
Answer:

The differences between coal from Gondwana Age and coal from Tertiary Age are as follows—

State	Coal reserves (in crore tons)
1. Jharkhand	8244
2. Odisha	7728.5
3. Chattisgarh	5666.1
4. West Bengal	3166.7
5. Madhya Pradesh	2767.3
6. Telangana	2146.4
7. Maharashtra	1225.9
8. Andhra Pradesh	158.1

Question 4 Why coal is known as a ‘black diamond’?
Answer:

Coal is known as ‘black diamond’ because of the following reasons—

1. Composition: Coal and diamond are both made up of carbon.

2. Value: A diamond is a valuable gem. At the same time because of its multiple use and importance, coal is also highly valuable in modern times.

3. Utility: A diamond is a valuable gem, thus it is used in the jewellery-making industry. Coal is also used in various industries (like iron and steel, cement etc.) as a raw material. Thus, coal is known as a ‘black diamond’ due to its multiple uses.

Question 5 Give a brief account of the uses of coal.
Answer:

The uses of coal in India are as follows—

1. For the production of thermal power: About 74 per cent of coal is used as a raw material for the production of thermal power in India.

2. In the iron and steel industry: 5 per cent of coal is used to smelt iron ore in the iron and steel industry.

3. In the cement plant: About 4 per cent of India’s coal is used as fuel in the cement industry. Ash produced by burning coal is also used to manufacture cement.

4. For domestic purposes: About 14 per cent of India’s coal is used as fuel for domestic purposes (cooking etc.)

5. In other areas/spheres:

1. Small amount of coal is used in steam engines.
2. By-products like ammonia, creosote etc. are used for making fertilisers.
3. Bitumen is used for constructing roads and tar is used for constructing houses.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Where is coal found in Jharkhand?
Answer:

Coal is found in Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpur, Giridih, Ramgarh, and Daltonganj areas of the Damodar valley in Jharkhand. Jharkhand ranks first in the production of coal in India.

Question 2 Give the names of three coal mines in India.
Answer:

The three coal mines of India are—

1. The coal belt of Damodar Valley: This is the richest coal belt in India. Raniganj, Jharia etc. are important coal mines here.

2. The coal belt or Mahanadi Valley: Talcher, Rampur in Odisha and Korbain Chattisgarh.

3. The coal belt of Son Valley: Umarie in Madhya Pradesh and JhilimiQi in Chattisgarh.

Question 3 Name the oldest coal mine in India.
Answer:

The oldest coal mine in India is Raniganj. For the first time, coal was hauled in 1774.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Write The Given Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives

1. A low-grade coal is—
1. Siderite
2. Limonite
3. Lignite
4. Bituminous

Answer: 3. Lignite

2. A coalfield located in the Mahanadi valley is—
1. Talcher
2. Bokaro
3. Raniganj
4. Thane

Answer: 1. Talcher

3. A by-product of coal is—
1. Paraffin
2. Coaltar
3. Diesel
4. Plastic

Answer: 2. Coaltar

4. Best quality coal in India is found in—
1. Mahanadi Valley
2. Godavari Valley
3. Damodar Valley
4. Son Valley

Answer: 3. Damodar Valley

5. The most important mineral resource of India is—
1. Iron Ore
2. Mica
3. Coal
4. Petroleum

Answer: 3. Coal

6. Coal is mostly used in—
1. Running Of Trains
2. Iron And Steel Industry
3. Production Of Thermal Power
4. Melting Of Metals

Answer: 3. Production Of Thermal Power

7. The first coal mine discovered in India is—
1. Kerala
2. Barakar
3. Talcher
4. Raniganj

Answer: 4. Raniganj

8. The state which was the pioneer in extracting/producing coal is—
1. Bihar
2. Jharkhand
3. Chattisgarh
4. Odisha

Answer: 2. Jharkhand

9. Coal found in India is mostly of—
1. Tertiary Age
2. Carboniferous Age
3. Gondwana Age
4. Jurassic Age

Answer: 3. Gondwana Age

10. Coke is produced from—
1. Bituminous Coal
2. Lignite Coal
3. Anthracite Coal
4. Peat Coal

Answer: 1. Bituminous Coal

11. The best coal mine centre in West Bengal is—
1. Jamuria
2. Raniganj
3. Andal
4. Jayanti

Answer: 2. Raniganj

12. Korba coalfield is located in—
1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Chhattisgarh
3. Jharkhand
4. Odisha

Answer: 2. Chhattisgarh

13. Best quality of coal is—
1. Bituminous
2. Lignite
3. Peat
4. Anthracite

Answer: 4. Anthracite

14. Headquarters of Coal India Limited is situated in—
1. Mumbai
2. Delhi
3. Kolkata
4. Chennai

Answer: 3. Kolkata

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

1. Coal is called black diamond

2. The main lignite mine in South India is Neyveli

3. The primary stage of coal is peat

4. Lignite coal is also known as brown coal.

5. Saccharine is a by-product of coal.

6. Graphite is the metamorphic form of coal.

7. About 99 per cent of the coal in India belongs to the Gondwana Age.

8. The oldest coal mine in India is Raniganj.

9. India’s 1 per cent of coal belongs to the Tertiary Age.

10. Jharia is the largest coal mine in India.

11. Carbon is the main component of coal.

12. Coal is divided into four types based on carbon content.

13. There is 50-85 per cent of the carbon in bituminous coal.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If the statement is true, write True and if false, write ‘False against the following

1. Anthracite is the best quality of coal. True

2. Baba Budan Hills of Karnataka is noted for coal mines. false

3. Coal is an example of a fossil fuel. True

4. Coal reserves of India are mainly of lignite type. false

5. Anthracite is a superior quality of coal. True

6. Huge quantities of coal are found in Gorumahisani in Odisha. false

7. India not only exports coal but also imports. True

8. Huge not only exports coal but also Damodar valley. True

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the Left Column with the Right Column

Left column	Right column
1. Superior quality of coal	A. peat
2. lowest quality of coal	B. Lignite
3. coke is related to	C. Anthracite
4. brown coal	D. Bituminous

Answer: 1-C,2-A,3-D,4-B

Left column	Right column
1. Oldest coalfield in India	A. Nevyveli
2. Largest India coalfield in India	B. Raniganj
3. Largest coalfield in India	C. Makum
4. coalfield of tertiary age in India	D. Jharia

Answer: 1-B,2-A,3-D,4-C

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two word

Question 1 Give an example of fossil fuel.
Answer: Coal

Question 2 Which type of coal can be regarded as the best quality?
Answer: Anthracite.

Question 3 What type of coal is usually used for industrial purposes?
Answer: Bituminous.

Question 4 What are the two by-products of coal?
Answer: Bitumen, coal tar.

Question 5 What is the lead of a pencil made of?
Answer: Graphite.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic D Mineral Resources Of India—Petroleum Long Answer Type Questions

Question How is mineral oil formed? Classify mineral oil.
Answer:

Formation of mineral oil:

The term ‘petroleum’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘petra’ meaning rock and ‘oleum’ meaning oil. Thus, the oil that is found in rocks is called petroleum or rock oil or mineral oil. According to scientists, mineral oil is formed in two ways— organic way and inorganic way.

1. Organic way: Scientists say that the dead remains of plants and animals which were embedded within the layers of sedimentary rocks over long periods (5-6 million years) in the Tertiary age, have been exposed to pressure and heat and as a result of a change in its chemical composition, mineral oil is formed.

2. Inorganic way: According to a Russian scientist, Shakhnin, mineral oil is formed as a result of the chemical reaction of water with the carbide present in sedimentary rocks.

Usually, the mineral oil deposits are found accumulated in the anticlinal parts of fold mountains and they are known as ‘pools. The bottom-most part of such an anticline contains heavy water overlaid by light mineral oil and natural gas is found on the topmost part. Deep wells are dug and unrefined mineral oil is brought out to the surface to be refined thereafter.

Classification of mineral oil:

On the basis of differences in chemical composition, mineral, oil can be classified into three types—

1. Paraffin-based crude oil: This oil contains high amounts of light hydrocarbon (E.g.— methane). Petrol, wax (paraffin) and high-grade lubricating oil are derived from this, which is used extensively.

2. Asphalt-based crude oil: It is sticky in nature and black in colour. It contains heavy hydrocarbon. Its use is comparatively less. Large quantities of asphalt or bitumen are obtained from it besides some oil derived for running cars.

3. Mixed-based crude oil: This type is of medium quality. Both heavy and light types of oil are mixed and this type of oil is used both as fuel and as a lubricant. The chemical composition of this type of oil varies both in terms of quantities and locations.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india presence of mineral oil in the interiror of the earth

Question 2 Give a brief account of the oil and petroleum-producing regions in India. Mention the petroleum trade that is carried out in India.
Answer:

Oil and petroleum-producing regions in India: Oil and petroleum-producing regions of India are—

Region	Place/ Centre	Important information
1. Dariya region of the Arabian Sea	Continental Shelf of the Arabian Sea (162 km West of Mumbai), now known as Mumbai High.	1. Oilfield was explored by ONGC and production began in 1974. 2. Maharashtra ranks first among petroleum-producing states in India. 3. Floating platforms named Sagar Vikash and Sagar Samrat drill oil from the sea bed. 4. Oilfields have recently been discovered in areas near Mumbai Dariya, for example, Basin, Daman Dariya, Gaskar and others (all on the sea bed).
2. Rajasthan	Mangala, Saraswati, Bhagyam, Rageswari blocks in the district of Barmer.	Rajasthan ranks second among oil-producing states in India. Mangala is the largest oilfield in Rajasthan.
3. Gujarat	Olpad (Surat), Ankleshwar, Kosamba, Dahej (Bharuch), Kheda (Kheda district), Dholka, Sanand, Nawagam and Kari (Ahmedabad), Mehsana, Kalol (Mehsana), Lunej in Khambat, and other areas.	Gujarat ranks third in India in the production of mineral oil.
4. Assam	Place/ Cenhe Digboi, Naharakatiya, Rudrasagar, Moran (Upper Brahmaputra Valley), Hugrijan (Dehang Valley), Badarpur, Masimpur (Surma Valley), Lakoa, Tiok, Geliki, Tinali, Kamrup, and others.	1. Assam ranks fourth among petroleum-producing states. 2. Naharkatiya produces maximum oil presently. 3. First oilfield was drilled at Digboi (1889), Digboi is also the deepest oilfield in India.
5. Other	Bhuvangiri, Salem, Kovilappal, Nariman (Tamil Nadu), Kharsang, Ningoru (Arunachal Pradesh), Godavari and Krishna delta (Andhra Pradesh including Telangana).	Reliance industries have recently started mining oil from the sea bed in Andhra Pradesh which is about 50 km from Kankinara.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What do you know about ONGC?
Answer:

ONGC:-

The full form of ONGC is Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited. It was established in the year 1956 and is a government organisation. Its headquarter is located in Vasant Kunj, New Delhi (earlier in Dehradun, Uttarakhand).

The importance of ONGC is as follows-

1. This organisation carries out surveys to locate mineral oil and natural gas in different parts of India.
2. Most of the mineral oil of India is hauled up by this organisation.
3. It also operates in various countries outside India.

Question 2 What do you understand by fossil fuel?
Answer:

Fossil Fuel:-

When sediments are laid down layer by layer on the sea-bed or bottom of a lake or a wetland, remains of plants and animals get trapped in between them. Gradually, as a result of pressure exerted by the overlying horizontal layers of sediments, as well as the heat generated from beneath the earth’s interior, these remains turn into fossils. Over long periods of time, these fossils lead to the formation of coal. Mineral oil and natural gas are produced from their oceanic micro-organisms, bacteria, plant cells etc. All these are the main sources of fuel and since they are derived from fossils they are called fossil fuels.

Question 3 Write the names of the oil refineries in India.
Answer:

Oil Refineries In India:-

There are 23 oil refineries in India which are undertaken in the government and private sectors.

These are-

1. Assam: Digboi, Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Numaligarh, Noonmati;
2. Gujarat: Koyali, Jamnagar, Vadinar, Essar;
3. Tamil Nadu: Manali, Nagapattinam;
4. Maharashtra: Trombay 1 and 2;
5. West Bengal: Haldia;
6. Andhra Pradesh: Tatipaka, Visakhapatnam;
7. Bihar: Barauni;
8. Uttar Pradesh: Mathura;
9. Haryana: Panipat;
10. Kerala: Kochi;
11. Karnataka: Mangalore;
12. Punjab: Bathinda.
13. Madhya Pradesh: Bina.

Question 4 ‘Mineral oil is found only in sedimentary rocks.’ Explain.
Answer:

Mineral Oil Is Found Only In Sedimentary Rocks:-

According to geologists, the remains of oceanic organisms are prone to much heat and pressure by the laying down of sediments (horizontally) on the ocean bed. They are ultimately converted to a liquid form. Water, oil and gas are trapped in between the layers of sedimentary rocks. The articles of the folded sedimentary rocks contain oil and gas. Sandstone and limestone, (being a more porous rock) are usually the storing places of oil. This is the reason why mineral oil is found only in sedimentary rocks.

Question 5 Why petroleum is called ‘liquid gold’?
Answer:

Petroleum Is Called Liquid Gold:-

Gold is an expensive and widely used metal. In the same way, petroleum is also an important fossil fuel used for running cars, buses, trucks, railway engines, ships, steamers etc. In modern times our transport system is dependent on petroleum. It is because of these values petroleum has been compared to gold and is called ‘liquid gold’.

Question 6 Give a brief account of the uses of mineral oil in India.
Answer:

Mineral oil is used for many purposes in India, like—

1. In the transport industry: The by-products of mineral oil like petrol. And diesel is used to run buses, trucks, railway engines, automobiles, cars, ships, aeroplanes, motorcycles, etc.

2. For producing mineral power: By-products like furnace oil, high-speed diesel oil etc. are used for producing thermal power.

3. For defence: Enormous amounts of diesel and petrol are used for running different types of military vehicles. Thus, it is of utmost importance in this field.

4. In agriculture: Various by-products of mineral oil are used for irrigation, making fertilisers, pesticides, and medicines and also for running tractors, harvesters etc.

5. As raw materials for industries: Numerous industries in India have developed based on the by-products of mineral oil. For example, plastic, detergent, paint, synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber, aromatic articles and other chemical industries.

6. Other utilities: Gas produced from mineral oil is used for cooking, as lubricants for machines, for constructing roads, using asphalt, for lighting kerosene lamps, etc.

Question 7 Make a comparative study between metallic and non-metallic minerals.
Answer:

The comparative study between metallic and non-metallic minerals is given below

Point of comparison	Metallic minerals	Non-metallic minerals
1. Concept	Metallic minerals are minerals in which metals are present.	Non-metallic minerals do not contain any metal in them.
2. Nature	Metallic minerals are weight-losing raw materials.	These are non-weight-losing materials.
3. Physical properties	They are good conductors of heat and electricity and are malleable in nature.	They are poor conductors of heat and electricity, malleable and not as hard as metallic minerals.
4. Origin	They are mostly found in igneous and metamorphic rock.	They are mostly found in sedimentary rocks.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What is ‘Sagar Samrat’ and ‘Sagar Vikash’?
Answer:

Sagar Samrat And Sagar Vikash:-

The two floating vessels or ships on platforms, which are used for drilling oil. from the sea-bed in the Mumbai-Dariya region are called ‘Sagar Samrat’ and ‘Sagar Vikash’. These two vessels are responsible aammmtgas for drilling and exploiting the largest quantity of mineral oil in India.

Question 2 What are the by-products of petroleum?
Answer:

By-products of petroleum are—

1. Asphalt Or Peat,
2. Naphtha,
3. Carbon Black,
4. Vaseline.
All these are used as raw materials in a host of industries.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Write The Given Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives

1. An important oil-producing centre in Assam is—
1. Noonamati
2. Naharkatiya
3. Trombay
4. Lunej

Answer: 2. Naharkatiya

2. The largest oil refinery in India is¬
1. Koyali
2. Digboi
3. Haldia
4. Thane

Answer: 1. Koyali

3. An example of fossil fuel is—
1. Coal
2. Iron
3. Copper
4. Thorium

Answer: 1. Coal

4. ONGC was established in —
1. 1953
2. 1956
3. 1965
4. 1976

Answer: 2. 1956

5. The oldest oil-producing centre in India is located in—
1. Digboi
2. Bombay High
3. Ankleshwar
4. Trombay

Answer: 1. Digboi

6. The largest petroleum-producing region in India is—
1. Coastal Region Of Gujarat
2. Deep Sea Off The Western Coast
3. Deep Sea Off The Eastern Coast
4. Brahmaputra valley region

Answer: 2. Deep Sea Off The Western Coast

7. Largest petrochemical industry in India is—
1. Jamnagar
2. Bhavnagar
3. Sural
4. Mural

Answer: 1. Jamnagar

8. Headquarters of ONGC is situated in—
1. Kolkata
2. Chennai
3. Vasant Kunj
4. Chandigarh

Answer: 3. Vasant Kunj

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

1. The word ‘Petroleum’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘petra’ meaning rock

2. Petroleum is called liquid gold.

3. A notable oil refinery in eastern India is Haldia

4. The oil extracted from the oilfield is called Crude oil.

5. Petroleum is found in sedimentary

6. Mukta oilfield is situated in the Arabian sea which is 100 km away from the northwest of Mumbai.

7. Headquarters of ONGC is situated in Vasanth Kunj, Delhi

8. Headquarters of OIL is located in Noida

9. Sagar Samrat is an oil extraction rig in Mumbai High.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Write The Given Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives

1. Noonmati is famous for its oil refinery. True

2. Petroleum is known as liquid gold. True

3. Mumbai High is the newest oil refinery in India. false

4. Sagar Samrat is an oil drilling ship. True

5. Mumbai High produces the largest amount of mineral oil or petroleum. True

6. Petroleum is found particularly in the sedimentary rock strata. True

7. Mumbai High and its adjacent continental shelf is the largest oil extraction region of India. True

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the left column with the right column

Left column	Right column
1. oldest and deepest oilfield in India	A. Ankleshwar
2. Largest India coalfield in India	B. Nahaerkatiya
3. Largest coalfield in India	C. Digboi
4. coalfield of tertiary age in India	D. Mumbai high

Answer: 1-C,2-D,3-A,4-B

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Arvswer in one or two words

Question 1 Which element is most abundant in mineral oil?
Answer: Hydrocarbon.

Question 2 What is the other name for petroleum?
Answer: Liquid gold

Question 3 Which region in India produces the maximum amount of mineral oil?
Answer: Western India.

Question 4 Where is the potential mineral oil reserve in West Bengal found?
Answer: Sundarban area.

Question 5 What is ‘Sagar Samrat’?
Answer: Floating ship used for drawing up mineral oil.

Question 6 Which is the deepest oil field in India?
Answer: Digboi.

Question 7 Into how many types can mineral oil be classified on the basis of variation in chemical composition?
Answer: Three types.

Question 8 What is the name of the oil-accumulated sedimentary rock?
Answer: Rock oil or Petroleum.

Question 9 Write the name of the oldest oilfield in India.
Answer: Digboi in Assam {first petroleum was extracted in 1889).

Question 10 Write the full name of OIL.
Answer: Oil India Limited.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic E Energy Resource Of India-Conventional Energy

Question 1 What are the sources of conventional energy? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conventional energy.
Answer:

Sources of conventional energy:

The sources of power which have been in use over long periods of time and are still used abundantly are called conventional sources of energy. For example, coal, mineral oil etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of using conventional sources of power:

1. Advantages:
The advantages of using conventional sources of energy are as follows—

1. Easy to access: Since they have been in use for ages the technology used for their development and use is known and easily accessible.

2. Easy to transport: Even if any country does not possess a particular source of energy, it can import that energy from another country where it is available.

2. Disadvantages:

The disadvantages of using conventional sources of energy are as follows—

1. Harmful to the environment: Environmental pollution is caused by the use of most conventional sources of power.
2. Exhaustible in nature: Since most of these conventional sources are limited or exhaustible or non-renewable in nature, they are depleted after being used over long periods of time.
3. Capital intensive: Huge capital and the latest technology are needed to procure, use and develop such sources.
4. Create differences: The use of conventional sources of power creates differences between developed and developing countries.

Question 2 What are the favourable locational factors for the development of hydroelectric power? Mention the major hydroelectric power plants of India.
Answer:

Favourable locational factors for the development of hydroelectric power:

Favourable locational factors for the development of hydroelectric power can be classified into—

1. Natural or physical factors and 2. Non-physical factors.

1. Natural or physical factors: Natural and physical factors to generate hydroelectric- power is—

1. Rugged or mountainous terrain: Swift-flowing rivers flowing over rugged terrain can be tapped for generating hydroelectricity. South Indian rivers flow over such terrains and hence are conducive to generating hydroelectric power.

2. Regular and abundant water: Continuous supply of water in the rivers either through rainfall or the melting of snow is needed for producing hydroelectric power.

3. Ice-free winters and moderate summers: Such conditions prevail in South India where the rivers do not freeze in winter or the river water is not exposed to evaporation due to excessive temperature in summer.

4. Presence of forests: If the source region of a river is forested, soil erosion is prevented, which in turn, prevents siltation of the river bed. Besides, rainfall is also influenced by the vegetative cover of forests.

5. Geological structure: Hydroelectric power stations are usually built in geologically stable areas. This is why although North India has more potential for generating hydroelectricity, it is not exploited. Being geologically stable, more hydroelectricity is generated in South India.

2. Non-physical factors: Non-physical factors to generate hydroelectricity are—

1. Highly Developed Technology,
2. Sufficient Capital,
3. Huge Demand For Electricity In The Area And Its Vicinity,
4. Lack Of Other Sources Of Power Like Coal, Petroleum, Etc.,
5. Developed Transport System,
6. Easy Availability Of Skilled Labour, Etc.

Hydroelectric power plants in India:

Names of the major hydroelectric power plants in India are given in the following table—

Region	State	Hydroelectric power plants
1. North India	Jammu and Kashmir	Salal, lower Jhelum
	Himachal Pradesh	Pong, Dehar
	Punjab	Bhakra Nangal
	Uttarakhand	Terai, Ramaganga, Yamuna (Stage 1-IV)
2. East India	Jharkhand	Panchet, Tilaiya
	West Bengal	Jaldhaka
	Odisha	Hirakud
3. West India	Gujarat	Ukai
	Maharashtra	Koyna (Largest), Bhivpuri
	Rajasthan	Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar
4. South India	Karnataka	Sharavathi, Bhadra, Jog, Kalinadi, Tungabhadra
	Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana)	Nagarjuna Sagar, Srisailam
	Tamil Nadu	Kodayar
	Kerala	Idukki, Sabarigiri
5. North-east India	Sikkim	Rangit
	Banipur	Loktak
	Meghalaya	kyrdemkulai

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india india important hydroelectric plants of india

Question 3 Give an account of the thermal power plants in India. Why are the thermal power plants S* concentrated in eastern India?
Answer:

Thermal power plants in India: Important thermal power plants in India are—

Region	Location
1. East India	Durgapur, Farakka, Bandel, Budge Budge, Santaldih, Mejia (Largest in West Bengal), Bakreshwar and Kolaghat (West Bengal); Bokaro Patratu Chandrapura and Tenughat (Jharkhand); Talcher, lb valley, Angul and Rourkela (Odisha); Kahalgaon, Muzaffarpur and Barauni (Bihar)
2. North-east India	Bongaigaon, Kathalguri and Namrup (Assam)
	Singrauli, Anpara, Obra and Harduaganj (Uttar Pradesh); Panipat, Guru Hargobind and Guru Nanak Dev (Punjab); Badarpur and Indraprastha (Delhi); Tau Devi Lai and Faridabad (Haryana).
3. North India	Singrauli, Anpara, Obra and Harduaganj (Uttar Pradesh); Panipat, Guru Hargobind and Guru Nanak Dev (Punjab); Badarpur and Indraprastha (Delhi); Tau Devi Lai and Faridabad (Haryana).
4. Middle-western India	Korba (Chhattisgarh); Satpura, Vindhyachal (Largest) and Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh); Chandrapur, Trombay, Koradi and Nasik, Bhusawal and Parli (Maharashtra); Wanakbori, Gandhinagar, Ukai, Dhuvaran and Sabarmati (Gujarat); Suratgarh, Kota and Anta (Rajasthan).
5. South India	Never, Mettur, Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu); Raichur (Karnataka); Ramagundam, Vijayawada and Kottagudem (Andhra Pradesh including Telangana).

Reasons for the concentration of thermal power plants in eastern India:

The reasons for the concentration of thermal power plants in eastern India are as follows—

1. Easy availability of coal: The eastern part of India has the richest reserves of coal. Asansol-Raniganj in West Bengal; Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpura, Giridih in Jharkhand; Talcher, Rampur in Odisha etc. are well-known for coal reserves.

2. Huge demand for electricity: The four states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha are all densely populated. Besides a host of industries in this region, like, the Hooghly industrial area of West Bengal, Jamshedpur-Ghatshila industrial area, Sindri-Bakaro-Dhanbad industrial area, Raurkela industrial area in Odisha are located here. As a result of this, there is a huge demand for electricity in these areas.

3. Scarcity of other sources of power:
1. Eastern India does not produce mineral oil and natural gas.
2. There is a dearth of hydroelectricity production since swift-flowing perennial rivers are not present here abundantly. That is why coal-based thermal power has found importance.

4. Historical reason: Since the British period, the source of power used by the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation is 100% thermal power based. The thermal power plants under CESC are Mulajore Kashipur, Metiaburuj, Titagarh, Budge Budge etc. The power consumed by the industries in Kolkata and its surrounding areas is met by these plants.

5. Other facilities:
1. Developed transport infrastructure is available in this region, like, National Highways—NH-2, 6, 23, 31, 33 etc. and eastern and southeastern railway lines.
2. Cheap and abundant labour and skilled technologists are available for thermal power plants.
3. Government policy for the development of industries in this region has also paved the way for the overall development and concentration of thermal power plants in this region.

Question 4 What are the advantages of generating hydroelectricity in South India compared to North India? What is the economic importance of hydroelectricity?
Answer:

Advantages of generating hydroelectricity in South India as compared to North India: There are differences in the geographical factors of South and North India in terms of the generation of it hydroelectricity.

They are—

1. Abundant flow of water: Rivers of South India receive an abundant supply of rainwater which allow a smooth flow of river water as compared to snow-fed Himalayan rivers of North India.

2. Natural swift-flowing rivers: The terrain being rugged in nature, the rivers of South India are swift-flowing in comparison to North Indian rivers which mostly flow over plain areas.

3. Swift long courses: North Indian rivers flow over mountainous regions and plain regions. The length of North Indian rivers is long but these rivers flow over a short distance in the mountainous regions. Since only the upper course of a river is favourable for generating hydroelectricity, North Indian rivers are not so favourable for generating hydroelectricity. But all the rivers of South India flow over a long distance in the plateau region. Thus, these swift-flowing rivers are more favourable for generating hydroelectricity. Hence many hydel power stations have been set up in South India in comparison to North India.

4. Nature of rocks: The underground physical structure of peninsular India comprises of impermeable rocks. Large reservoirs can be constructed to store water, to be used throughout the year for generating hydroelectricity.

5. Lack of other resources: The lack of resources like coal and mineral oil in South India has compelled South India to use hydroelectric power more, as compared to North India where coal and mineral oil are concentrated, especially in the east and north-eastern parts. It is due to the above facts that South India generates more hydroelectricity than North India.

Economic importance of hydroelectricity:

The economic importance of hydroelectricity is as follows—

1. Hydroelectricity is a flow resource, and hence it is renewable and inexhaustible. Hence, non-renewable and exhaustible resources like mineral oil can be conserved by using hydroelectricity.
2. Environmental pollution is not caused by hydroelectricity.
3. Hydroelectric power is comparatively cheaper,
4. A number of economic purposes like those of irrigation, flood control, fisheries or pisciculture, and others are served through the generation of hydroelectric power.

Question 5 Mention the advantages of hydroelectric power as compared to other sources of power. What are the disadvantages of producing hydroelectricity?
Answer:

Advantages of hydroelectric power as compared to other sources of power:

The advantages of hydroelectric power as compared to other sources of power are as follows—

1. Unlimited resource: Hydroelectric power is inexhaustible or renewable in nature and is known as flow energy. On the other hand, coal, mineral oil, natural gas, Uranium Thorium, etc. are exhaustible or fund energy resources and are prone to depletion due to continuous exploitation.

2. Cost of production is less: Although at the initial stage, the cost incurred for setting up a hydel power plant is more, the recurring expenditure is less and isthuseconomical in the long run, unlike other sources of power.

3. Environment-friendly: Since no smoke or dust generates during the generation, hydroelectric power. Hence, it is clean energy and environment friendly.

4. Heat generated is more: Hydroelectricity generates more heat as compared to coal and mineral oil resources and as such hydel plants are constructed near those industries which require more energy and heat. For example, the aluminium smelting industry.

5. Easily transportable: Hydroelectricity can be easily transported through transmission lines from one place to another. Whereas, in the case of coal and mineral oils vehicles are used or pipelines are constructed which are expensive as well.

6. Requires less labour: As compared to coal and mineral oil where a large number of labours are required at every stage of production, hydroelectricity requires a minimum labour force.

7. Various economic benefits: Multiple benefits are derived from hydel projects, for example, irrigation, flood control, fisheries or pisciculture, transport etc.

Disadvantages of producing hydroelectric power:

The disadvantages of producing hydroelectricity are as follows-

1. Establishment of the hydel project near the source: Hydel Project has to be established at or very near the source of swift-flowing rivers, whereas, raw materials for other sources of power can be transported.

2. Cannot be stored: There is no scope to store hydroelectricity.

3. Huge capital investment and lack of developed technology: Developing and underdeveloped countries cannot meet the huge capital and technological demands.

4. Loss of biodiversity: Since dams have to be constructed across rivers and reservoirs for storing water have to be constructed, large tracts of land are lost, thereby resulting in the destruction of forest vegetative cover and biodiversity (flora and fauna).

5. Problem of rehabilitation: Since many people lose their land and property it becomes very difficult to provide their shelter/homes as well as means of livelihood.

Question 6 Give a comparative study of coal, petroleum and hydroelectric power
Answer:

Comparative study between coal, petroleum and hydroelectric power:

A comparative study of coal, petroleum and hydroelectric power is—

Point of comparison	Coal	Petroleum	Hydroelectric power
1. Nature	U is a non-renewable 1 resource which is gradually getting exhausted.	It is a non-renewable resource which is gradually getting	it is a renewable resource which will not jet exhausted and can be used over and over.
2. Use	It is used as a raw material and also fuel.	It is used as a raw material and also fuel.	It is used as a source of power, but not as raw material.
3. By-products	Many by-products are \| obtained from coal.	Many by-products are obtained from petroleum.	No by-products are obtained.
4. Storage	It can be stored after being mined from the interior of the Earth.	It can be stored after being out from the interior of the Earth.	It cannot be stored and has to be immediately utilised after production.
5. Transportation cost	It is a hard and heavy substance, with high transportation costs.	It is liquid in form and coal.	It can easily have transportation distributed at a cost less than that of a transmission line, coal
6. Recurring cost	The cost of production Though the initial cost of coal is high, and its cost of production is lower, recurring is lower than the recurring cost of petroleum.	Though the initial cost of production is lower the recurring cost is high	Though the initial cost is quite high, the recurring cost is low.
7. Electricity-producing capacity	‘Capacity of electricity production is lower than that of petroleum and hydroelectricity.	The capacity of electricity production is higher than that of coal.	The capacity of electricity production is higher than that of coal or petroleum.

Question 7 Write the Differences between thermal power and hydropower
Answer: Differences between thermal power and hydropower:
A comparison between thermal power and hydropower is given below—

Point of difference	Thermal power	Hydel Power
1. Sources	Resources like Coal, Petroleum are used for production.	A torrential flow of water is used for production.
2. Nature	It is non-renewable and exhaustible in nature.	It is renewable and inexhaustible in nature.
3. Production cost	Though its primary cost is low, the recurring cost is quite high.	Its primary cost is very high, though the recurring cost is low.
4. Location	Thermal power plants are not required to be built near the coal extracting or oi$ extracting areas.	Hydel power plants have to be built near the banks of a swift-flowing river.
5. Maintenance cost	Maintenance cost is high.	Maintenance cost is low.
6. Cost of construction	The cost of construction and the time taken for construction is quite low.	The cost of construction is quite high. Skilled labour is required for construction.
7. Effect on the environment	It causes environmental pollution and loss of biodiversity.	No environmental pollution or Joss of biodiversity is seen due to hydel power projects.

Question 8 What is nuclear power? What are the uses of nuclear power in India?
Answer:

Nuclear power:

The energy which is generated by fusion or fission of the nucleus of a radioactive atom such as Uranium-238 is called nuclear energy or power. Nuclear energy is produced from Uranium Thorium, Plutonium, Lithium etc. 15 per cent of the total energy generated in the world, comes from nuclear power.

Uses of Nuclear power:

1. Nuclear power is used to generate electricity,
2. It is used to supply energy to artificial satellites.
3. Nuclear power is used for the desalination of seawater.
4. Nuclear power is also used for running submarines, ships etc.
5. It is used for producing geothermal energy and for medical purposes.
6. It is used for the extraction of copper and manganese. It is also used as fuel in various industries.

About 12,000 MW (Megawatts) of electricity is generated from only a pound of uranium or plutonium, whereas, about 6,000 tonnes of coal is needed to produce the same amount of electricity. This is the reason why nuclear energy has many possibilities.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india nuclear power plants of india

Question 9 What are the merits and demerits of using nuclear power?
Answer:

Merits of using nuclear power:

Nuclear energy is produced by fusion or fission of the nucleus of an atom. The merits of using nuclear power are as follows—

1. More production of energy: A large amount of energy can be produced by using uranium, thorium etc. For example, about 12,000 MW of electricity can be obtained from a pound of Uranium only.

2. Establishing nuclear power plant: A nuclear power plant can be established at any place requiring a small quantity of raw material such as uranium, and electricity capital.

3. Low cost of production: Nuclear energy can be produced by using less capital. Thus, electricity can be produced at a low cost.

4. Does not cause environmental pollution directly: Although nuclear wastes are toxic, the environment is not directly polluted.

Demerits of using nuclear power:

The demerits of using nuclear power are as follows—

1. Problem of radiation: The effect of radiation as a result of using nuclear power is harmful as it causes cancer and other diseases and affects life adversely.

2. Problem in production: The raw materials of nuclear power have not been utilised on an economical basis. The cost of production is high since Deuterium oxide has to be bought from Uranium-rich countries.

3. Lack of advanced technology: Production of nuclear power requires advanced technologies which are not readily available in many countries.

4. Harmful mankind: In many cases, nuclear power is used to harm human lives.

5. Too expensive: A nuclear power plant’s longevity is about 30-40 years. After that, a new power plant has to be constructed which involves huge costs at any point in time.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Exolantory Answer Type Question

Question 1 What do you know about NTPC?
Answer:

NTPC:-

NTPC or National Thermal Power Corporation was established in 1975. The main objective of this organisation is to investigate and create more thermal power belts in accordance with the ever-increasing demand for electricity in India. At present, there are altogether 16 thermal power based and 7 giant gas-based power centres in India established by NTPC. Farakka in West Bengal is such an example.

Question 2 What is the importance of purpose river valley projects?
Answer:

Purpose River Valley Projects:-

when the dam is continued across is flowing the river for many producing hydroelectricity. No fossil fuel is used purposes and for the inhabitants of the region, it is called a multi-purpose river valley projects

Importance:

The importance of multipurpose river valley projects is—
1. To ensure irrigation during dry seasons,
2. To control floods by controlling the flow of water in rivers,
3. To generate hydroelectric power,
4. To supply drinking water,
5. To construct bridges, roads and railways,
6. For pisciculture or raising fish in the reservoir constructed behind the dam,
7. For the promotion of tourism in and around the dam,
8. To use the river as a waterway (water transport) etc.

Question 3 ‘Hydroelectricity is an environment-friendly energy/ Explain.
Answer:

Hydroelectricity Is An Environment-Friendly Energy:-

The water of swift-flowing rivers is used for the river the water thus stored is used for many producing hydroelectricity. No fossil fuel is used for the economic benefit of the production of hydroelectricity hence it is pollution free. During the production of hydroelectricity, no poisonous gas or smoke emanated. Hence, hydroelectricity is considered to be environment-free energy.

Question 4 ‘India lags behind in the production of nuclear power in comparison to other countries of the world/ Explain.
Answer:

India Lags Behind In The Production Of Nuclear Power In Comparison To Other Countries Of The World:-

About 15 per cent of all electricity produced in the world is derived from nuclear power. According to scientists, one pound of uranium or plutonium can produce about 12,000 M.W. of electricity. Thorium, hydrogen, lithium etc. are also capable of producing nuclear energy. In India, of all the electricity produced, only 3 per cent comprises nuclear power. The total potential of producing nuclear energy from the existing nuclear power stations in India amounts to 4780 MW/hours.

The reasons for the low production of nuclear power in India are—

1. Lack of raw materials: Reserves of uranium and thorium are meagre in India. Lack of raw materials is thus a hindrance to producing nuclear energy.

2. Too expensive: Huge amount of money is needed to build up the infrastructure of a nuclear power plant which is a problem for India.

3. Social problems: A lot of social stigmas exist for the setting up of nuclear power plants.

Question 5 Why hydroelectric power is called ‘white coal’?
Answer:

Hydroelectric Power Is called ‘White Coal’:-

Coal is the major resource for producing electricity. However, it is an exhaustible resource and also causes pollution. That is why hydroelectric power is produced by rotating a turbine on a swift-flowing river. It is an inexhaustible resource and can be used over and over. Hydroelectric power is eco-friendly and thus it is more important nowadays. Taking into consideration the importance of hydroelectric power and comparing it with coal, hydroelectric power is called ‘White coal’. power derived from radio-active minerals like Uranium, Thorium, etc.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Exolantory Answer Type Question

Question What are the sources of conventional energy?
Answer:

Sources Of Conventional Energy:-

The sources of conventional energy are coal, mineral oil or petroleum, swift-flowing rivers, and radioactive minerals like Uranium, Thorium, etc. These sources of energy are being utilised over long periods of time.

Question 2 What are the main conventional energy resources of India?
Answer:

Conventional Resources Of India Are-

1. Power or energy derived from coal and mineral oil.
2. Hydroelectricity is produced from swift¬ flowing mountainous rivers.
3. Nuclear All important energy power derived from radio-active minerals like Uranium, Thorium, etc.

Question 3 Mention the names of two thermal-power centres in West Bengal.
Answer:

Two thermal power centres in West Bengal are—

1. Kolaghat and
2. Bandel. Kolaghat is the most important thermal power project in West Bengal.

Question 4 What are the raw materials used for producing nuclear energy?
Answer:

Raw Materials Used For Producing Nuclear Energy:-

Uranium, thorium, plutonium, heavy water, hydrogen etc. are the raw materials used for producing nuclear energy.

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [MCQ type]

Write the correct answer from the given alternatives

1. An important thermal power station in east India is—
1. Maithon
2. Hirakud
3. Farakka
4. Nellore

Answer: 3. Farakka

2. An important thermal power station in south India is—
1. Mettur
2. Periyar
3. Neyveli
4. Santaldih

Answer: 3. Neyveli

3. A nuclear power station in Rajasthan is—
1. Trombay
2. Tarapur
3. Kota
4. Rudrasagar

Answer: 3. Kota

4. The first nuclear power station in India is—
1. Trombay
2. Kalpakkam
3. Tarapur
4. Sholapur

Answer: 3. Tarapur

5. The richest zone of monazite in India is—
1. Malabar Coast
2. Konkan Coast
3. Coromandel Coast
4. Northern Circars Coast

Answer: 1. Malabar Coast

6. The Shivasamudram Hydroelectric power station has developed on—
1 Mahanadi
2. Godavari
3. Narmada
4. Cauvery

Answer: 4. Cauvery

7. A nuclear power-producing centre in Maharashtra is—
1. Tarapur
2. Kaiga
3. Kokrajhar
4. Narora

Answer: 1. Tarapur

8. The largest nuclear power station in India is—
1. Narora
2. Kalpakkam
3. Tarapur
4. Rawatbhata

Answer: 3. Tarapur

9. The largest coal-based thermal power centre of West Bengal is situated in—
1. Santaldih
2. Farakka
3. Bakreshwar
4. Kolaghat

Answer: 2. Farakka

10. Thermal power station of Jharkhand is in—
1. Farakka
2. Panipat
3. Chandrapura
4. Kolaghat

Answer: 3. Chandrapu

Chapter 7 Resources Of India fill in the blanks with suitable words

1. Bandel in West Bengal is a thermal power-producing centre.

2. Uranium is a raw material of nuclear

3. Hydroelectric power is also known as white coal.

4. Jaldhaka is a hydroelectric power centre in West Bengal.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Write The Given Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives

1. South India produces more hydroelectricity than North India. True

2. the Lesser amount of raw material is needed to produce nuclear power. True

3. Jaldhaka is a thermal power plant in West Bengal. false

4. Atomic Energy Commission India was established under the supervision of Indian nuclear physicist Homi Jehangir Bhabha in Mumbai in 1948. True

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the left column with the right column

Left column	Right column
1. largest thermal power station in India	A. Sidrapong
2. oldest and largest nuclear power station	B. Tarapur
3. first hydroelectric power generation	C. Koyna
4. largest hydroelectric station in India	D. Mundra

Answer: 1-D,2-B,3-A,4-C

Left column	Right column
1. Diesel-based thermal power plant	A. Dadri
2. Natural gas-based thermal power plants	B.Nathp chakra (Himachal Pradesh)
3. Coal-based thermal power plant	C. Dabhol
4. hydroelectricity generation centre	D. Kozhikode

Answer: 1-D,2-C,3-A,4-B

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

Question 1 Which conventional energy is known as white coal?
Answer: Hydroelectric power.

Question 2 Which process is more commonly used to produce nuclear power?
Answer: Nuclear fission.

Question 3 Name a nuclear power station in south India.
Answer: Kalpakkam.

Question 4 Name a nuclear power station which is under construction in Maharashtra
Answer: Jaitapur.

Question 5 What is the percentage of nuclear power in terms of total world production of electricity?
Answer: 15 per cent.

Question 6 How much electricity is produced from one pound of uranium?
Answer: About 12,000 MW.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic F Mineral Resources Of India- Non-Conventional Energy

Question 1 What are the ‘sources of non-conventional energy? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of non-conventional energy sources.
Answer:

Sources of non-conventional energy:

Those sources of power which are used sparsely at present but have huge potential to be used in the future are called non-conventional sources of power. For example, solar power, and wind power.

Advantages and disadvantages of using non-conventional sources of power:

1. Advantages:

1. Eco-friendly: Its use does not lead to environmental pollution.
2. Less expensive: Too much capital is not required since they are used in small amounts.
3. Inexhaustible in nature: Since they are not limited, inexhaustible or renewable in nature, there is no fear of them being depleted.
4. Huge availability: Such sources of energy are easily available in most parts of any country.

2. Disadvantages:

1. Since they are nonconventional and sparsely used, technology is not easily available.
2. They are not available in the same, amount at all places in all the countries of the world. For example, tidal power cannot be tapped except in coastal areas, again, solar power is not available in frigid and cold zones. Wind power is also not suitable to be tapped in all places.
3. Such sources of non-conventional power can not be transported from one country to another.

Question 2 State the distribution of non-conventional energy in India and also its usage.
Answer:

Distribution of non-conventional energy in India and its usage:

The distribution and usage of non-conventional forms of energy in India are shown below—

Non- conventional energy	Distribution	Use
1. Solar energy	Uttar Pradesh (Barabanki), West Bengal (Jamuria), Rajasthan (Phalodi, Jodhpur), Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat (Patan, Mithapur, Rajkot) Madhya Pradesh (Bhagwanpur, Ujaas), Andhra Pradesh (kadiri), Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, etc.	1. Used for lighting. 2. Used for heating water. 3 Used for cooking.
2. Wind energy	West Bengal (Frazerganj, Sagar Island), Chennai, Hyderabad, Gujarat (Lamba), Tamil Nadu (southern coastal areas).	1. Used for pumping water for irrigation. 2. Used for electricity production. 3. Water pumps are run by wind power.
3. Geothermal energy	Himachal Pradesh (Mamkaran), West Bengal (Bakreshwar), Gujarat (Cambay), Maharashtra (Jalgaon).	1. Used for keeping rooms warm. 2. Used for melting ice or snow. 3. Used for the production of electricity.

Question 3 Discuss the uses of solar power. What are the merits and demerits of solar power?
Answer:

Solar Power:

Light and heat that are generated from the sun continuously are called Solar power. Nowadays, this solar energy is tapped to produce electricity by using silicon solar cells or photovoltaic cells. From the resource point of view, solar energy is a flow resource, renewable and universally available (ubiquitous in nature).

Merits and demerits of using solar power:

Merits:

1. Renewable: Solar power is an unlimited resource and it is renewable.
2. Sufficient Supply: Sufficient solar power can be tapped even on cloudy days.
3. Eco-friendly: It is environment-friendly energy.
4. Easy to access plants: A number of small, medium and large solar power plants can be established.

Demerits:

1. Variation based on location: Since sunlight is not evenly distributed throughout the world, solar power cannot be produced everywhere.
1. High production cost: Since the cost of production is relatively high, developing nations cannot use solar power on a large scale.
2. Lack of technology: The technology used is not available easily everywhere.

Question 4 What are the major uses of solar energy? What is the utility of solar heating systems?

Answer:

Major uses of solar energy: Major uses of solar energy are as follows—

1. Roads, several houses, health centres, industries, and educational institutions are all lit up by using solar power.
2. Solar power is used for heating purposes in households of confined countries and for heating water as well.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india csolar power production

3. It is also used as fuel for cooking purposes.
4. Salt is obtained by processing seawater with the help of solar power which has been in practice for a long time.
5. It is used to ripen crops.
6. Electricity is produced directly from sunlight by using photovoltaic cells. The use of solar power is ever-increasing since it is used for producing electricity, lighting the roads, signals for railway lines, running
small water pumps and a host of other domestic purposes.

Utility of solar heating system: Through the solar heating system, sunlight is used for a variety of processes, like –

1. Solar dryer: The air is dehumidified by blowing hot air and thereby conserving the crops.

2. Solar lumber kiln: Wood is dried by this method.

3. Solar desalination: Fresh drinking water is obtained from the saline seawater through the process of alternate evaporation and condensation process.

4. Solar distillation: Water is purified by solar heating by using alternate evaporation and condensation techniques.

5. Solar cooker: This is the easiest, simplest and most useful gadget used by us by harnessing solar energy. This gadget uses the reflection method for heating.

Question 5 What are the merits and demerits of wind power?
Answer:

Wind energy:

The energy which is produced by harnessing wind speed by windmills is called wind energy. This is a non-conventional and renewable (Flow) resource. Wind speed is at maximum within 100 meters from the earth’s surface.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Geography And Environment Chapter 7 Resouces of india wind turbine

Merits of using wind power:

1. Environment-friendly: Environmental not cause pollution is not caused by producing or using wind energy.

2. Unlimited: Being a flow resource its availability is unlimited in nature and is renewable.

3. Simple technology required: Wind energy can be generated by using simple technology.

4. Low cost: A wind power plant (windmills) can be constructed at a low cost and repairing the machinery are also relatively cheap.

5. Used for various purposes: Wind power can be used for hauling water, grinding wheat etc.

Demerits of using wind power:

1. Sound pollution: High waves of sound are generated when windmills operate causing sound pollution.

2. Dependant on the wind: The problem is caused as are’sultof varying wind speeds and changes in direction of the wind.

3. Less amount of energy produced: Electricity produced by wind power is relatively less in amount.

4. Region-based: Wind power can only be harnessed in coastal areas, open deserts and mountainous areas.

5. Awareness: It is not yet universally used due to a lack of awareness.

Question 6 Whatmeritsis geothermal and demritsenergy? of geothermal What are energy?
Answer:

Geothermal energy:

The energy which is derived from the interior of the earth is called geothermal energy. Heat has been accumulating in the earth’s interior over a long period of time. It has been observed through investigation that
with every 1 km of depth below the earth’s surface, temperature rises at the rate of 25 C. Geothermal energy does not cause environmental pollution. India generates only a small amount of such energy.

Merits of using geothermal energy:

1. Unlimited resource: Since its availability is unlimited in nature, its continuous use does not cause depletion of these resources.

2. Environment-friendly: Toxic gases do not emanate as a result of using wind power and so it does not cause environmental pollution.

3. Continuous use: This type of energy can be used throughout the year continuously during the day and night time.

4. Easy production: Geothermal energy can be produced easily.

Demerits of using geothermal energy:

1. Expensive: The initial cost of establishing a wind power plant is quite high.

2. Low production: It can meet local demand only as its production is low.

3. Lack of technology: The technology is available only in developed countries of the world.

4. Region based: This type of energy is not well-distributed and occurs in pockets in certain regions and hence cannot be used universally.

Question 7 Why are nonconventional forms of energy given importance in India?
Answer:

Reasons for giving importance to the use of non-conventional sources of energy in India:

The sources of energy which are less used presently but have the potential of being extensively in the future are called non-conventional sources of power.

For example—

1. Solar power,
2. Wind power,
3. Tidal energy,
4. Power from sea waves
5. Geothermal energy

Reasons for giving importance to using such sources of power in India are as follows—

1. Ever-increasing demand for energy: In a fast, developing country like India demand for energy is increasing rapidly. However, India possesses limited reserves of mineral oil and natural gas. Huge costs are incurred to import power from foreign countries. This is the reason why utmost importance is now being given to tapping non-conventional sources of power.

2. Limited reserves of coal: Besides being limited in nature, coal is available only in certain pockets of India.

3. Limited production of hydroelectric power: Although India has huge potential for developing hydroelectricity (being a country with many swept-flowing, perennial and snow-fed rivers, they have not been exploited properly. That is why stress is laid on developing non-conventional sources of power.

4. Abundance of non-conventional sources of power: Since they are renewable in nature and unlimited in supply, sources like solar power, wind- power, tidal energy and others have huge potential to be developed and used.

5. Other sources of power are expensive: Production and use of coal and petroleum are expensive and so a shift towards using non-conventional sources of power is endorsed.

6. Production using small amounts of capital: Since non-conventional sources of power can be used in small amounts, much less capital is required to tap and use them.

7. Environment-friendly: The use of non-conventional sources of power does not lead to environmental pollution, unlike conventional sources. Due to this, importance is being given to the development of non-conventional sources of power in India despite its present weak economic condition.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Make a comparative study between conventional and non-conventional energy.
Answer:

The comparative study between conventional and non-conventional energy is given below—

Point of comparison	Conventional energy	Non-conventional energy
1. Concept	This energy is produced by using traditional age-old processes.	This energy is produced by using eco-friendly sources.
2. Sources	Coal, petroleum, natural gas, radioactive substances, and swift-flowing rivers are the sources of this kind of energy.	Sunlight, wind, tides, and geothermal energy are the sources of this type of energy.
3. Power intensity	A huge amount of energy can be produced by using conventional methods. So large-scale industries have a high demand for this type of energy.	It is used in small amounts for household purposes, or for small-scale industries. A large amount of energy has not been produced through this source yet.
4. Capital	Huge capital is needed.	Capital requirement is less.
5. Impact on the environment	It is not eco-friendly in nature and has an adverse effect on the environment.	It is eco-friendly in nature and has no adverse effect on the environment.
6. Importance	As a large amount of energy can be produced through this source, the conventional source of energy is very important. But it is quite uncertain whether this source would be important! in the future.	As less amount of energy is produced through this source, less importance is given to it. But there is a high chance that this form of energy would gain importance in near future.

Question 2 Discuss the distribution of solar energy in India.
Answer:

Distribution of solar energy: The centres of solar energy production and their production capacity in various states are—

State	Centre	Production capacity (%)
1. Gujarat	Patan, Mithapur, Rajkot, SuCendranagar	49.9
2. Rajasthan	Pokhran, Jodhpur, Phalodi	38.89
3. Madhya Pradesh	Bhagwanpur, Ojas	9.15
4. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana	Kadiri	3.18
5. Maharashtra	Katol, Osmanabad, Mulsi	1.38
6. Tamil Nadu	Coimbatore	1.14
7. Odisha	Paper	0.99
8. Uttar Pradesh	Barabanki	0.91
9. Karnatak	Belgaum, Kolar	0.69
10. West Bengal	Jamuria	0.15

Question 3 Discuss the distribution of geothermal energy in India.
Answer:

Distribution of geothermal energy: The production centres of geothermal energy in various states and union territories are

State	Production (‘000 ton)
Odisha	99614
Chattisgarh	31068
Karnataka	26363
Jharkhand	21335

State	Production (‘000 ton)
Goa	8933
Madhya Pradesh	1730
Maharastra	1321
Rajasthan	1228

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What are the sources of non-conventional energy?
Answer:

Sources Of Non-Conventional Energy:-

The sources of non-conventional energy are sunlight, wind, tides, sea waves, biomass geothermal energy etc. These are unlimited resources.

Question 2 What is green fuel?
Answer:

Green Fuel:-

Any fuel which is environment-friendly is called green fuel. Nowadays, sulphur-free diesel and lead-free petrol are made in order to prevent pollution. These are Green fuels.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [MCQ type]

Write the correct answer from the given alternatives

1. A source of non-conventional energy is—
1. Swift-Flowing River
2. Solar Power
3. Coal
4. Petroleum

Answer: 2. Solar Power

2. A geothermal centre in India has come up in —
1. Vizhinjam
2. Manikaran
3. Jalkheri
4. Chikmagalur

Answer: 2. Manikaran

3. One of the following states of India that has a centre for wind-power production is—
1. Tamil Nadu
2. Bihar
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. Andhra Pradesh

Answer: 1. Tamil Nadu

4. The topmost state in producing solar energy is—
1. West Bengal
2. Kerala
3. Rajasthan
4. Gujarat

Answer: 4. Gujarat

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True to Write True And If False Write False Against The Following

1. Solar power is an example of an inexhaustible resource. True

2. The biggest solar power plant has come up in Lambda of Gujarat. False

3. By using alternate energy pollution can be checked. True

4. The famous wind-energy-producing centre is Mandvi in Gujarat. True

5. Manikaran of Himachal Pradesh is a geothermal power station. True

6. Non-conventional energy is too expensive. False

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the left column with the right column

Left column	Right column
1. Bokaro	A. hydroelectric
2. Hirakud	B.Wind energy centre
3. Lambda	C. Geothermal power
4. Manikaran	D. Thermal power centre

Answer: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C

Left column	Right column
1. Largest wind energy centre in India	A. Charanka (Gujarat)
2. Largest solar park in India	B.Kalpasar
3. Tidal power centre	C. muppandal
4. Geothermal energy centre	D. Puga valley

Answer: 1-C,2-A,3-B,4-D

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

Question 1 Which type of energy can prevent pollution?
Answer: Alternative energy.

Question 2 What type of energy can be generated from the Durgaduani region of Sundarbans?
Answer: Tidal energy.

Question 3 Where does India stand in the production of wind energy?
Answer: Fifth in the world.

Question 4 Give an example of a renewable resource
Answer: Sunlight / Solar power.

Question 5 What type of fuel does not pollute nature?
Answer: Green fuel

Question 6 Which type of energy production is being stressed nowadays in India?
Answer: Alternative energy.

Question 7 Which type of energy can be generated by using wind speed?
Answer: Wind energy.

Question 8 Which cell helps to convert solar energy to thermal energy?
Answer: Silicon solar cell or Photovoltaic cell.

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Salient Points – At A Glance

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic A Location And Administrative Division Of West Bengal Long Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions Marks

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Answer Type Questions Marks

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [Mcq Type]

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Words

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Match The Left Column With The Right Column

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Topic B Mineral Resources Of India—Iron Ore Long Answer Questions

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions Marks

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [Mcq Type]

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If Flase, Write False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic C Mineral Resources Of India: Coal long answer type question

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If the statement is true, write True and if false, write ‘False against the following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the Left Column with the Right Column

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two word

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic D Mineral Resources Of India—Petroleum Long Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the left column with the right column

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Arvswer in one or two words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Topic E Energy Resource Of India-Conventional Energy

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Exolantory Answer Type Question

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Short Exolantory Answer Type Question

Chapter 7 Resources Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [MCQ type]

Chapter 7 Resources Of India fill in the blanks with suitable words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True, Write True And If False, Write ‘False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Short Explanatory Answer Type Questions

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Multiple Choice Type Questions [MCQ type]

Chapter 7 Resource Of India If The Statement Is True to Write True And If False Write False Against The Following

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Match the left column with the right column

Chapter 7 Resource Of India Answer in one or two words

WBBSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography And Environment

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