WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideals And Their Evolution Topic C Miscellaneous

Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideas And Their Evolution Topic C Miscellaneous Strike the odd one out

Question 1. Non-cooperation Movement, Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, and Chartist Movement.
Answer: Chartist Movement

Question 2. Gujarat, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Turkey.
Answer: Turkey

Question 3. Mahatma Gandhi, Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru, Nelson Mandela.
Answer: Nelson Mandela

Question 4. Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad, Chaurichaura.
Answer: Chaurichaura

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Question 5. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Matangini Hazra, Jayprakash Narayan.
Answer: Matangini Hazra

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Question 6. Binoy Bose, Badal Gupta, Dinesh Gupta, Chittaranjan Das.
Answer: Chittaranjan Das

Question 7. Surya Sen, Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Bal, Matangini Hazra,Rashbehari Bose.
Answer: Rashbehari Bose

Question 8. Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutta, Rajguru, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.
Answer: Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Question 9. Montague Chelmsford reforms, Rowlatt Act, India Government Act, Lahore Conspiracy Case.
Answer: Lahore Conspiracy Case

Question 10. Smt. Laxmi Swaminathan, S.A.Ayer, Lieutenant Colonel A.C. Chatterjee, Bagha Jatin.
Answer: Bagha Jatin

Question 11. P.K. Sehgal, Laxmi Swaminathan, G.S. Dhillion, Shahnawaz Khan.
Answer: Laxmi Swaminathan

Question 12. Balai Dutta, M.S. Khan, Madan Singh, Bhagat Singh.
Answer: Bhagat Singh

Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideas And Their Evolution Topic C Miscellaneous Match The Columns

Answer: A-2,B-4,C-5,D-3,E-1

Answer: A-3,B-4,C-1,D-2,E-5

Answer: A-2,B-4,C-1,D-3,E-4

Answer: A-5,B-2,C-1,D-3,E-4

Answer: A-3,B-5,C-1,D-2,E-4

Answer: A-3,B-5,C-1,D-3,E-2

Answer: A-3,B-1,C-2,D-5,E-4

Answer: A-2,B-1,C-5,D-3,E-4

Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideas And Their Evolution Topic C Miscellaneous Match The Statements Below With Their Appropriate Explanation

Question 1. Gandhi was opposed to Western ideals.

1. Gandhi was a conservative person.
2. Gandhi thought Western ideals were a hindrance to attaining Swaraj.
3. Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.

Answer: 3. Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.

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Question 2. Rowlatt Act came up in 1919.

1. To decrease Gandhi’s influence in Indian politics.
2. To suppress anti-British discontent and revolutionary activities.
3. To give constitutional benefits to the Indians.

Answer: 2. To suppress anti-British discontent and revolutionary activities.

Question 3. Gandhi supported Khilafat Movement.

1. To ensure Muslim cooperation and participation in nationalist movements.
2. To show sympathy to the Sultan of Turkey.
3. To make strong demands for the improvement of Muslim society.

Answer: 1. To ensure Muslim cooperation and participation in nationalist movements.

Question 4. Indians.opposed Simon Commission.

1. Indians did not like Sir John Simon.
2. Sir John Simon was opposed to Indians.
3. Simon Commission had no Indian representatives.

Answer: 3. Simon Commission had no Indian representatives.

Question 5. Subhas Chandra Bose took charge of Azad Hind Fauj.

1. To fulfil Rash Bihari Bose’s request.
2. To attack the British-occupied Indian region with the help of Azad Hind Fauj.
3. To help the Japanese government.

Answer: 2. To attack the British-occupied Indian region with the help of Azad Hind Fauj.

Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideas And Their Evolution Topic C Miscellaneous Match column A with column B

Answer: A-4,B-1,C-2,D-3,E-5

Answer Briefly

Question 1. What effect did the movement in South Africa have on Gandhi’s political life?
Answer:

Effect Of The Movement In South Africa Have On Gandhi’s Political Life:-

1. Gandhiji organised quite a number of movements in Indian politics by utilising his political experience acquired in South Africa.
2. Gandhiji used the same policy in Indian politics that he had used to establish communal harmony in South Africa and strengthen the movement there.
3. Gandhiji felt that the movement organised through non-violent and peaceful means was bound to be successful.

Question 2. What was the idea behind Gandhi’s ideal of Satyagraha?
Answer:

Idea Behind Gandhi’s Ideal Of Satyagraha:-

The term ‘Satyagraha’ consists of two terms Satya’ and ‘Agraha. This ideal based on truth and non-violence was a strategy introduced by Gandhiji in Indian politics.

According to him, Satyagraha implies ‘the power of spirit’ or ‘the power of love’. It was a peaceful and unarmed struggle against injustice.

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Its main principle was to conquer fear and constantly try to win the confidence of the opponent.

Question 3. What were the main demands of the Swarajists?
Answer:

Main Demands Of The Swarajists:-

The chief demands of the Swarajya Party were as follows:

1. Political:

To oppose governmental actions within the legislature, to bring forward bills and proposals satisfying national interest and thus help in the progress of nationalism, and to disturb the proceedings of the legislature of the Indians.

were deprived of the right to frame their own constitution.

2. Economic:

Refuse to accept the governmental budget and to stop economic exploitation by the government.

Question 4. Who was called ‘Frontier Gandhi’ and why?
Answer:

Reasons

‘Frontier Gandhi’:-

1. Conducting of Civil Disobedience:

The Civil Disobedience Movement was conducted in the Frontier Province under the efficient leadership of Abdul Gaffar Khan who followed the guidelines of Gandhiji.

It was due to Abdul Gaffar Khan’s efforts that the movement spread up to Peshawar in the North West Frontier Province.

2. Establishment of Non-violent ideals:

Abdul Gaffar Khan established the Khuda I Khidmatgar (Servants of God) or Lal Kurta (Red Shirts) Party.

This party led processions in the North West frontier regions.

The British police and army killed 300 members out of 600 but Abdul Gaffar Khan never allowed violence to enter the movement.

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Question 5. What role did Matangini Hazra play in the Quit India movement?
Answer:

Role Of Matangini Hazra Play In The Quit India Movement:-

A big procession was organised at Tamluk in Midnapore in 1942 under the leadership of Matangini Hazra in support of the Quit India Movement.

About 20,000 people Khan is referred to as Frontier Gandhi in history. joined the procession and tried to occupy Tamluk Police Station and courthouse.

The police opened fire on the unarmed procession and Matangini was shot dead.

Her martyrdom inspired the women of the later generations to participate in the freedom struggle.

Write in your own words

Question 1. Explain Gandhi’s ideal of non-violent satyagraha. Compare the ideal of Moderate leaders. with Gandhi’s position.
Answer:

Gandhi’s Ideal Of Non-Violent Satyagraha:-

Ideal Of Satyagraha

1. Main basis:

The term ‘Satyagraha’ consisted of two words ‘Satya’ and ‘agrapha’. It was based on truth and non-violence.

2. Nature :

According to Gandhiji, Satyagraha meant the soul force or love force. There was no limit to the power of endurance of a satyagraha. So there was no question of defeat also.

3. Motive:

The aim of satyagraha was to win the rival through non-violence and self-suffering.

4. Method:

The main method of satyagraha was to conquer fear and constantly try to win the confidence of the opponent.

Comparison Between Satyagraha And Moderate Ideology

Question 2. What were the features of the non-violent Non-cooperation Movement? Do you agree with Gandhi’s decision to halt the movement? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

Features Of Non-Cooperation Movement

1. It was the first time that millions of illiterate villagers participated in the national movement.
2. People of all classes irrespective of race, religion or caste participated in it and granted it a mass character.
3. The majority of women came out of their houses, for the first time and joined meetings, processions and picketing.

Decision To Call Off The Movement

The Non-cooperation Movement was called off on February 25, 1922, as a result of the Chaurichaura incident.

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Gandhiji’s Reasons:

1. Entry of violence:

After the Chaurichaura incident, Gandhiji understood clearly that the non-violent movement was gradually turning violent.

Though there were sporadic instances of violence in Bombay (November 17, 1921) and Madras (January 13, 1922), Gandhiji could not control himself after the Chaurichaura incident.

2. Apprehension of armed assault:

The participants of this non-violent agitation were completely unarmed. Gandhi feared that there would be a lot of bloodsheds if the British attacked them with firearms.

3. Apprehension of confiscation of the lands of peasants:

The peasants played an important role in this movement.

Gandhiji thought that if the British government confiscated the lands of the peasants then they would detach themselves from all mass movements in future.

4. Hindrance to studies:

As the students boycotted the schools and colleges during the movement, these institutions remained closed for a long time.

The continuity of studies was hampered. The entire education system collapsed and this aggrieved the guardians.

So Gandhiji decided to call off the movement before the educated class became disgusted with it.

5. Intensity of repressive measures:

The repressive measures of the British became more intense. Under these circumstances it
was impossible to surrender or withdraw.

However, the opportunity was raised by the Chaurichaura incident.

My Opinion

In my opinion, Gandhiji’s decision was disappointing but it was justified if examined from the point of view of satyagraha ideals of non-violence.

The Non-cooperation Movement could become more violent after the Chaurichaura incident and prove fatal to many.

Question 3. What was the nature of mass participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Did Bhagat Singh and Surya Sen share Gandhian ideals?
Answer:

Nature Of Public Participation In the Civil Disobedience Movement

1. Role of the people of Bengal:

1. Violation of Salt Act:

The Salt Act was widely violated in Mahisbathan, Kalikapur and Diamond Harbour in the 24 Parganas and Kanthi sub-division of Midnapur.

In the coastal region of Kanthi volunteer camps were also established to violate Salt Act and the Salt Satyagraha continued

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2. Violation of other acts:

Programmes were taken up to violate other laws in the interior regions.

movements against the Union Board also began in Jessore, Bankura and 24 Parganas. Movements to boycott taxes began in Kathi, Arambagh and Balurghat areas.

2. Role of people of other regions:

1. In Madhya Pradesh and Bombay regions, the satyagrahis collectively violated the Forest Preservation Act by collecting grass and dry wood. Picketing also continued in Bombay
2. In Bihar picketing was carried on in Champaran, Saron, Munghyr, Patna and Sahabad against the selling of foreign manufactured goods and intoxicants.
3.  In Gujarat and U.P. movements started to stop paying taxes and revenue.
4. The Civil Disobedience Movement under C. Rajagopalachari and Gopabandhu Chowdhuri in Madras and Orissal respectively turned into real mass movements.
5.  In the North-West Frontier province, the Pathans participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement under the able leadership of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Struggles of Surya Sen and Bhagat Singh and Gandhian Ideals:

The struggles of Surya Sen and Bhagat Singh had the same objective as that of Gandhiji but the paths differed.

Question 4. Discuss Subhas Chandra Bose’s rise in national politics. Which ideas Influenced Subhas Chandra’s political thought?
Answer:

Background Of The Rise Of Subhas Chandra

1. Entry into politics:

Subhas Chandra was completely anti-British since his student. life. Though he secured the fourth position in the tough I.C.S.

examination, he did not join the service. On Gandhiji’s advice, he met Chittaranjan Das and joined national politics instead.

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2. Leadership in youth movement:

Subhas Chandra was appointed the Principal of the National College in Kolkata during the Non- cooperation Movement.

Then he was appointed the Secretary of the Propaganda Committee of the Bengal Congress. He organised the young students and came to the forefront of the national movement.

3. Leadership of labour and peasant movements:

Subhas Chandra tried to build up separate organisations of the labourers and peasants to strengthen

the national movement. He got intimately involved with the All India Peasant Council.

4. President of Haripura of Haripura and Tripuri Congress:

Subhas Chandra became the Congress President consecutively at sessions of the National Congress at Haripur and Tripura.

As the Congress President, he received recognition in both national and international politics.

Factors Affecting Subhas Chandra’s Political Thinking

1. Influence of Benimadhav Das:

Subhas Chandra received his primary education at Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack.

He was influenced by the intimate association of Principal Benimadhav Das who was a
Brahmo leader.

Benimadhav Das infused patriotism, nationalist feelings and moral values in his young mind.

2. Influence of Vivekananda’s ideals:

Swami Vivekananda’s ideals of socialism and patriotism deeply influenced young Subhas Chandra.

Since his student life, he engaged. himself in the services of the poor, cholera and pox patients, cremations and other social services.

He followed Swamiji’s ideals all his life. He expressed his deep reverence for Swamiji in his unfinished autobiography ‘Bharat Pathik’.

He wrote, “Swamiji’s speeches and works had transformed my stream of thought”.

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3. Influence of Chittaranjan Das :

After securing the fourth position in the ICS examination Subhas Chandra did not join the government service but decided to dedicate himself to the service of the nation.

He went to meet Gandhiji in Bombay to join the national liberation movement. On Gandhiji’s advice, he met Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das.

He was highly impressed by the patriotism of the rich and luxurious barrister.

He was initiated into politics by Chittaranjan Das and plunged into the cause of liberating his motherland.

Question 5. Was the Gandhian ideal of Satyagraha followed in Quit India Movement? How will you explain Naval Revolt as a part of the national freedom struggle?
Answer:

Introduction:

The Naval Revolt (1946) was an important event in the last phase of the Indian freedom movement.

It was the last platform on the way of the long freedom struggle, crossing which India savoured freedom.

Quit India Movement And Ideal Of Non-Violent Satyagraha

1 Arrest of leaders :

The Quit India Movement was the last mass movement led by Gandhiji. The British government arrested all the national leaders like Gandhiji,

Jawaharlal Nehru, Ballavbhai Patel, Kripalani and Maulana Azad. In fact, all Congress leaders from

the national to the district level were arrested under the India Protection Act. Several

other repressive measures were brought into force at the very inception of the movement.

2. Terrorist activities:

As direct movements were suppressed by the repressive policy of the government, secret, underground movements began to take shape.

Leaders like Jayprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Rammanohar Lohia and Sucheta Kripalani made attempts to carry on secret movements all over the country.

They collected money, arms, bombs and dynamite and distributed them secretly to different regions.

So the movements now took the form of terrorism. So we can say that the Quit India movement moved away from Gandhiji’s non-violent Satyagraha ideals in the last stage.

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Naval Revolt

Background:

1. Trial of Azad Hind soldiers:

The trial of three Azad Hind commanders Gurudayal Singh Dhillon, Prem Saigal and Shah Nawaz Khan began in the Red Fort.

The tales of bravery and sacrifice of the Azad Hind soldiers inspired the navy soldiers while the trial was in progress.

2. III Treatment of Indian sailors:

The Indian sailors in the navy were insulted and ill-treated by the officers just on racial grounds.

This created many grievances in the minds of the Indian soldiers in the Navy.

3. Discriminatory behaviour:

In spite of possessing the same qualifications, the Indian officials were paid fewer wages than their European counterparts.

Moreover, the Indian sailors were given inferior-quality food and clothes.

4. Lack of promotion or rehabilitation:

No promotion was ever granted to Indian helmsmen, boatmen and officials. So an anti-British feeling gradually began to develop among the Indian employees of the navy.

1. Beginning of the revolt:

Balai Dutta, the radio operator of the ‘Talwaar’, a ship of the Royal Indian Navy was sacked for writing slogans like ‘Vande Mataram’, ‘Jai Hind and Inqilab Zindabad’.

In protest to this 1500 Indian sailors declared revolt on February 18, 1946 under the leadership of commander M.S. Khan.

2. Spread:

On the second day, the revolt spread in Bombay in the Naval-training ship, Cassle and Court Barrack.

The fire of the rebellion also spread in sixty ships floating on the sea coast of Bombay.

The agitators removed the Union Jack from the mast and hoisted the flags of the National Congress, Communist Party and Muslim League.

It also spread to the ports of Madras, Kolkata, Cochin and Karachi.

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3. Strike Committee formation:

The Naval Central Strike Committee was formed to conduct the Navy Revolt and to maintain coordination among the different centres of the revolt.

This committee put forward some demands before the British authority. Some of them were

1. release of Azad Hind soldiers and other political prisoners;
2. punitive measures against the commander of Talwar F.W. King;
3. equal wages for the Indian helmsmen and boatmen;
4. rehabilitation of Indian soldiers of the navy after their retirement.

4. End of revolt:

The British army came into direct clash with the rebels to end the revolt but this attempt of the government failed.

Finally, the rebels surrendered on Feb 23, 1946 following the instructions of Sardar Ballabhai Patel.

Imagine and write

Question 1. Suppose you are a common man participating in Non-cooperation Movement. Write a letter to your friend describing your experience and the enthusiastic participation of various people in the movement.
Answer:

A Letter To My Friend Describing My Experience And The Enthusiastic Participation Of Various People In The Non-Cooperation Movement:-

Dear Srish,

I am writing this letter to give you some important information. I joined the Non-cooperation Movement inspired by Gandhiji’s call.

I am feeling highly inspired and enthusiastic. An unprecedented zeal can be noticed among the Hindus, Muslims, men, women, rich, poor, labourers and peasants.

Thousand of students, teachers, lawyers, labourers, farmers and common people have boycotted schools, colleges, courts and factories.

At the same time boycott of foreign goods and alcoholic items as well as picketing, burning foreign goods and use of native goods are going on with great fervour.

We are singing the patriotic songs of Rabindranath everywhere. The leaders as well as the common people have got involved in it.

I have heard of leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Rajendra Prasad, Moulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.

The common people are playing a very important role in the movements. Peasant revolts have broken out widely in Faujabad, Pratapgarh, Rai Barelli and Ayodhya in U.P.

The peasants are using weapons to plunder the granaries of their landlords.

The landless peasants have started satyagraha over wide areas of Andhra Pradesh and the movement has reached all parts of the country.

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The labourers are also participating in the movement in large numbers.

Strikes are being observed in the post and telegraph, ports, jute mills, and all other industries.

The movement has spread to all levels of society irrespective of race, religion or caste.

Even the women have given up their veils and are participating in large numbers and even courting arrests.

In your next letter give me some information about the movement in your area. Keep well.

Yours affectionately,
Shivaji

Question 2. Suppose you are a journalist. Subhas Chandra Bose had left his home deep in the middle of the night. A map of the path he took is given below. Write a newspaper article from the map, on the route he had taken.
Answer:

A Newspaper Article From Given The Map:-

Sayak Chakraborty: Kolkata:

January 20, 1941: The brave son of India Subhas Chandra Bose left India on the night of January 17 befooling the British detectives.

This is the most exciting news of the past few days. Subhas Bose was interned in his own house but on 17th January at around 1.35 a.m.

he kept Sarat Chandra Bose in his place and managed to escape in the disguise of Muhammed Ziauddin.

According to secret sources, he was accompanied by his nephew Sisir Bose. At first, he passed along Allenby Road, Lansdowne Road and Lower Circular Road.

Then after passing through Sealdah, Harrison Road and Howrah Bridge, he left the borders of the city.

Then he went to Chandannagar, Burdwan. Durgapur and Asansol. He entered Bihar through Dhanbad and finally boarded the Delhi Kolkata Mail from Gomo station.

After reaching. Delhi and Punjab he finally left this country. This action of Subhas Chandra has created much stir in the political realm.