Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Nationalism Topic B Anti Partition Movement In Bengal And Revolutionary Terrorism
Question 1. Analyze the causes of the rise of the mill- tant nationalism,
Answer:
Introduction: A section of Congress was quite dissatisfied with the prayer and petition policy and was highly disappointed by the activities of the leaders.
Thus a new group called the Extremists emerged within Congress.
Cause For The Rise Of Extremist Or Militant Nationalism-
1. Weakness of the Congress movement :
There was a lack of actual opposition from the British to the movement launched by the Moderates. This made the young members impatient.
Tilak demanded Swaraj saying, “Swaraj is my birthright, I will attain it.”
Read and Learn More WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 History
2. Oppressive Economic policy:
When the government passed the Taxation Act (1894) and Cotton Textiles Act (1896) for the interest of the capitalists, the anti-British. Militant nationalism emerged in India.
WBBSE Class 8 Anti Partition Movement Notes
3. Writings and thoughts of great men :
The basis of militant nationalism was formed by Vivekananda’s patriotism, Bankim Chandra’s call for complete sacrifice, and Vande Mataram Mantra,
Dayanand’s Hindu ideals, the Marathi translation of Goita by Tilak, Lajpat Rai’s biography of Shri Krishna in Urdu, and Aurobindo’s explanation of the Karma theory of the Gita in Bengali.
4. Indifference of the government:
When the poor Indians were dying of drought, famine, plague, and epidemic, the British government did not extend any help.
This offended the Indians and led to the rise of extremist tendencies.
5. Influence of newspapers and journals:
Several anti-British criticisms were published in Aurobindo Ghosh’s ‘Vande Mataram’, Bipin Chandra Pal’s ‘New India’, Sisir Kumar Ghosh’s ‘Amrita Bazar Patrika’, and similar other journals. Journals.
Again, newspapers like ‘Sandhya, ‘Sanjivani’, and Jugantar called for passive resistance against the British. In this way, militant nationalism arose.
6. Result of the autocratic policy of Curzon :
The Kolkata Corporation Act (1894), the Indian University Act (1904), and Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal revealed
the autocratic nature of British rule. It was chiefly Curzon’s decision to divide Bengal which gave rise to militant nationalism.
Important Definitions Related to Anti Partition Movement
Question 2. Write down the causes and results of the partition of Bengal.
Answer:
Causes Of Partition Of Bengal
Real reasons:
1. Destroy the unity and integrity of Bengal:
Curzon had divided Bengal to weaken the national movement by destroying the unity and integrity of the Bengalees.
2. Weaken the Congress:
Curzon wanted to divide Bengal to weaken the Congress whose main center of activity was Kolkata.
3. Facilities for Muslims:
Curzon said that the Muslims would get more facilities in employment and higher studies if the Muslim-dominated East Bengal was separated from the Hindu-dominated West Bengal.
Results of the Partition:
1. Progress of national movement:
The Swadeshi and Boycott movements started as a protest against Lord Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal.
This anti-partition movement is recognized as the first fully anti-British movement in the mainstream of the Indian national movement.
2. Partition annulled: The anti-partition:
The movement was so strong that King George V was compelled to come to Delhi and announce the annulment of the partition on December 12, 1911.
Causes of the Anti Partition Movement
3. Rise of Extremists:
The young leaders had to give up the Moderate policy to protest against the partition of Bengal.
So Extremist tendencies arose under the leadership of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh.
4. Expansion of Indigenous industries:
When the Swadeshi movement began as a protest against the partition some indigenous textile mills, banks, hosiery, and cosmetic factories were established.
5. Spread of national education:
The National Education Council was established on August 14, 1906. and National College,
Bengal National College and Bengal Technical College were established as protests against the partition.
Apart from these, 24 Madhyamik and 300 primary schools were established.
Question 3. Discuss the National Education movement in the Swedish period.
Answer:
National Education Movement In the Swadeshi Period
1. Background:
The government kept on passing laws to prevent the students from participating in the Swadeshi movement to stifle the movement.
The students were forbidden to participate in political movements or meetings or even chant ‘Vande Mataram’
through notorious laws like Carlyle Circular (October 10, 1905), Leon Circular (October 16, 1905), and Pedlar Circular (October 21, 1905).
Bipin Chandra vehemently criticized all these circulars at a public meeting on October 24, 1905. He proposed to introduce an independent national education
Motive:
The main motive of the national education movement was to discard foreign education and provide indigenous education to the students thereby inspiring them with nationalist ideals.
So schools sprang up in different parts of the country through native enterprise.
Key Leaders of the Anti Partition Movement
Spread of National Movement-
1. Foundation of national institutions:
The first national school was established by Kaliprasanna Dasgupta and Brajasundar Roy at Rangpur in East Bengal on November 8, 1905.
The Anti-Circular Society was founded by Sachindra Bose in November 1905 to encourage students to join the anti-British movement.
The main purpose of the society was to arrange for the education of those students who were rusticated from schools for anti-government activities.
2 Financial Assistance:
Many people extended financial help to make this system a success. Some of them were Subodh Chandra Mullick, Brajendra Kishore Roy Chowdhury,
Suryakanta Acharya Chowdhuri, Sir Taraknath Palit, Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, Sir Gurudas Banerjee, and Hirendranath Dutta.
3. Spread of national education in Bengal:
The National Council of Education was established in Kolkata on March 11, 1906, with 92 members under the presidency of Satyendranath Tagore.
This Council established educational centers at different places and so the system began to spread rapidly.
A national college was established on August 14, 1906, with Aurobindo Ghosh as the Principal. The Bengal Technical Institute was founded on July 25, 1906.
Later on, Santiniketan and Sriniketan were established by Rabindranath Tagore.
Impact of the Anti Partition Movement on Nationalism
4. National Education in other provinces:
The ideals of national education became popular in other provinces also. National schools were established in Bombay, Madras, UP, and Bihar.
A national college was established in Mousulipattanam. A national educational council was established in Andhra Pradesh in 1909.
Question 4. Discuss the role of Rabindranath in the spread of the Swadeshi movement.
Answer:
Introduction:
In 1905 Curzon decided to divide the Bengal Presidency which was the vital center of Indian nationalism. The nationalists tried to prevent the partition at any cost.
Rabindranath Tagore voluntarily joined the boycott and Swadeshi movements which were a part of the anti-partition struggle.
Swadeshi Movement And Role Of Rabindranath
1. Opposing Carlyle Circular:
Chief Secretary Thomas Carlyle issued a repressive decree named Carlyle Circular on October 10, 1905, to keep the students aloof from the anti-partition movement.
A meeting was arranged at Charu Chandra Mullick’s residence at Pataldanga in Kolkata under the Presidentship of Rabindranath to oppose this decree.
In this meeting, all university students were urged to severe connection with Kolkata University.
2. Raksha Bandhan festival:
The partition of Bengal was to be enforced on October 16, 1905. The Bengalees expressed their grievances on that day through different programs.
Raksha Bandhan festival planned by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath was one of the main programs.
The people from both parts of Bengal took a holy bath in the Ganga and tied yellow threads on each other’s wrists to maintain fraternity and the unity of their motherland.
Then they chanted Vande Mataram and sang, patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath and walked in a procession barefooted.
3. Composing patriotic songs:
Rabindranath composed 27 patriotic songs during the Swadeshi period (1905-12) to arouse patriotism among the people and add momentum to the movement.
4. Patriotic feelings:
Rabindranath had found a big possibility of developing spiritual strength in constructive patriotic thoughts.
His patriotic feelings were reflected in his speech on the planning of indigenous industry, agriculture, cooperatives, and milk supply.
This speech was delivered at the provincial conference held in Pavna in 1907. He also took up several programs at Shantiniketan and Sreeniketan for the materialization of those plans.
Question 5. Write an essay on the anti-partition movement in Bengal.
Answer:
Introduction:
Lord Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal was a shameful and condemnable incident of British rule in India.
The anti-partition movement began as a protest against this decision.
The anti-partition movement developed in three phases swadeshi, boycott, and national education movements.
1. Swadeshi:
1. Indigenous industries:
Attempts were made to expand the indigenous industries based on patriotic ideals. So indigenous textile mills, banks, hosiery, and cosmetic companies were established.
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy founded Bengal Chemical Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Chidambaram Pillai established a shipping company, Dr.
Nilratan Sarkar established a shoe factory and Jamshedji Tata established the Tata Iron and Steel Company.
2. Literature and culture:
A new tide entered the native literature and culture as a result of the Swadeshi movement.
2. Boycott:
1. Beginning:
The decision to boycott was first declared through Krishna Kumar Mitra’s ‘Sanjivani’,.
The boycott movement began with a meeting arranged at Kolkata Town Hall and carrying on a program of picketing.
2. Agenda:
The Bengali students and teachers boycotted English schools. The lawyers and clerks boycotted English courts.
Even the washermen, barbers, cooks, and other lower-level workers refused to serve the English people.
At the same time, picketing continued before the shops selling British goods and many foreign goods were burnt.
3. Pervasive ness:
The students spontaneously participated in the movement. So the government issued the Carlyle Circular on October 10, 1905.to stop the students from participating.
The women also gave up wearing sarees and glass bangles made in England.
3. National Education Movement:
Backdrop Carlyle Circular, Leon Circular, and Pedlar Circular stirred the students and the whole field of education immensely.
2. Objective:
The main objective of this movement was to discard foreign education and provide Indigenous education to students thereby inspiring them with
3. Spread:
The first patriotic ideals. A national school was founded at Rangpur by Kaliprasanna Dasgupta and Brajasundar Roy.
Anti-circular society was established by Sachindra Basu in Kolkata.
Satyendranath Tagore established the National Education Council in Kolkata with 92 members. A national college was established with Aurobindo Ghosh as its Principal.
Conceptual Questions on Revolutionary Activities Against British Rule
Question 6 Discuss the role of newspapers in the anti-partition movement.
Answer:
Introduction:
The newspapers published in various languages spoke vehemently against the partition.
Jugantar wrote that the 30 crore Indians would have to raise 60 crore hands to stop such accursed tyranny of the British.
Role Of Newspapers
Native Newspapers:
1 Bengali newspaper:
1. Sanjivani:
An editorial was first published in Sanjivani by Krishna Kumar Mitra criticizing the decision to divide Bengal.
2. Vandemataram:
In the journal ‘Vandemataram’ Aurobindo Ghosh wrote that a new awareness was created among the Bengalees on August 7, 1905, as if they had just awakened from a 150-year long sleep
3. 0thers:
Articles opposing the partition were also published in Bhupendranath Dutta’s Jugantar’, Manoranjan Guha Thakurta’s ‘Navashakti’ and Bhahma Bandhav Upadhyay’s Sandhya’.
2. English Newspapers:
1. Bengalee:
Surendranath Banerjee opposed the partition through his newspaper ‘Bengalee’ saying that “I shall make a permanent incident impermanent.”
2. 0thers:
The partition was also opposed by ‘Modern Review of Ramananda Chattopadhyay, ‘Don’ by Satish Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and ‘Indian World’ by Prithvish Chandra Roy.
3. Muslim Periodicals:
Articles criticizing the partition were also published in ‘The Mussalmans’ by Hussain Mujibar Rahman, ‘Ajijul Nehar’ by Mir Mosharraf, and ‘Islam Prachar’ by Muhammad Roazuddin.
Foreign Newspapers:
Even British newspapers like ‘Daily News’ of London, ‘Pioneer’, ‘Times’, ‘Manchester Guardian’ and ‘Englishman’ spoke bitterly against the partition.
Question 7 Evaluate Morley Minto Reforms critically.
Answer:
Introduction:
The reforms introduced. by the Secretary of State for India John Morley and Viceroy Lord Minto in 1909 to change
the administrative system in India, are known as the Morley Minto Reforms or Council Act of 1909.
Morley-Minto Reforms
1. Reason for introducing the act:
The British were quite relieved by the conflict between the Moderates and the Extremists and the rift between the Muslim League and the National Congress.
However, they were quite disturbed by the spread of armed revolutionary activities and the continuous agitation for self-government.
A deputation of the Muslim League under the leadership of Aga Khan met Lord Minto and demanded a separate electorate and privileges. For the Muslims.
So the government introduced the Morley Minto Reforms Act.
2. Features of the act:
The Morley Minto Reforms Act had two parts:
1. Working or Executive Council:
- Only one Indian, i.e. barrister Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, was included in the Viceroy’s executive council. He was appointed as the Secretary of Law.
- The number of members in the executive councils of Madras and Bombay increased from two to four.
- An executive council was also formed for the governor of Bengal in which Kishorilal Goswami was included.
2. Legislative council:
- The number of members of the central council was raised from sixteen to sixty.
- The number of members of the provincial councils was kept between thirty and fifty.
- The Muslims were granted the right to choose their separate representatives. In this way, communal representation was acknowledged.
3. Significance:
This autocratic system of administration was a combination of the autocracy of the earlier Hindu and Muslim periods and the constitutionalism of the British.
Through this Act, the aristocrats as well as the middle classes of contemporary India could participate in the legislation procedure of the government.
4. Reaction of Indians:
After the introduction of the Morley-Minto Reforms Act, it was strongly criticized by politicians as well as people from all sections of society.
The provision for a separate electorate for the Muslims shows the initiation of the Two Nation theory. According to Gandhiji, it was a death blow to the Indians.
This system was also vehemently condemned by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Short Notes on the Swadeshi Movement
Question 8. Give an account of the revolutionary activities in Bengal till World War Answer:
Introduction:
Bengal was the main center of the revolutionary movement in India. The concept of armed revolutionism began to spread in the national movement at
the beginning of the 19th century and the revolutionaries of Bengal played a pioneering role in it.
Revolutionary Movement In Bengal Till The First World War
1. Contribution of Secret societies:
1. Anushilan Samiti:
Pramathanath Mitra and Satish Chandra Basu established “Anushilan Samity” in 1902. The members were taught
the techniques of stick fight, sword fighting, dagger fighting, use of pistols, physical fitness, swimming, and horse riding.
Some important members were Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and Jadugopal Mukherjee. Branches
were established in different districts and cities like Dhaka, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Chittagong, and Comilla.
2. Jugantar Dal:
Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta began to spread revolutionary ideals through their journal Jugantar’.
Gradually an association named Jugantar Dal was formed. They tried to achieve freedom through armed struggle.
Hemchandra Das learned the bomb-making techniques from Paris and Kshudiram and Prafulla Chaki was entrusted with the task of assassinating Magistrate Kingsford.
3. Other associations:
Other revolutionary societies that grew up in different parts of Bengal were
‘Dhaka Anushilan Samity’ of Pulin Beheri Das, ‘Attonnati Samity’ of Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta, ‘Brati Samity’ and ‘Suhrid Samiti’.
2. Aurobindo’s Contribution:
During the partition, Aurobindo Ghosh left the post of Principal in Baroda and became the Principal of Kolkata National College (present Jadavpur University).
He published ‘Jugantar’ and later on became the editor of Bipin Chandra Pal’s ‘Vande Mataram’ through which he spread revolutionary ideals.
He formed the ‘Nationalist Party with the help of Tilak. He inspired the revolutionaries to make bombs at a garden house in Muraripukur.
3. Contribution of Kshudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki:
The Jugantar Dal entrusted the task of assassinating Magistrate Kingsford to Kshudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki.
However, they mistook the car and killed two ladies Mrs and Miss Kennedy instead.
Prafulla Chaki committed suicide on May 1, 1908, before being arrested and Kshudiram was hanged on August 11, 1908.
4. Bagha Jatin’s contribution:
Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin played an important role in the armed revolutionary movement of Bengal at the beginning of the 20th century.
He planned to carry out an armed anti-British campaign in India with the help of Germany. So 50 guns and 46,000 rounds of cartridges were plundered on August 26, 1914.
Money and firearms were also sent from Germany. He went to Baleshwar in Orissa to collect arms from the German ship Maverick.
Unfortunately, his plan was leaked and he and his associates had to fight against the British forces on the banks of Burhibalam. Bagha Jatin died as a martyr on September 10, 1915.
5. Contribution of others:
- The revolutionists murdered the public prosecutor of the Alipur bomb case Ashutosh Biswas.
- Deputy Superintendent of Police Samsul Alam was killed in the High Court in 1910.
- The officer in charge of Nandalal Banerjee was also killed for his attempt to have Prafulla Chaki arrested.
Examples of Protests During the Anti Partition Movement
Question 9. Discuss the significance of the revolutionary movements.
Answer:
Introduction:
Though the brave revolutionaries failed despite their courage and self-sacrifice, their contribution was not insignificant.
We cannot ignore this movement from the point of view of history.
Significance
1. Objective attain independence:
The prime objective of the Indian National Movement was to attain independence. The revolutionary movement also had the same aim.
So the latter had rendered strength to the former.
2. Establishing the value of independence:
The revolutionaries had established the value of independence by sacrificing their lives. They were a vital factor in making the Indians understand that freedom was invaluable.
3. Establishing new political. Ideal:
The revolutionaries had established contact with foreign countries at different times while making preparations for armed struggle.
In doing so they opened the door for the entry of foreign political ideals into Indian politics.
M. N. Roy helped to lay down the foundation of Marxism in India by establishing contact with Russia.
4. Rise of armed struggle:
As the revolutionaries had engaged themselves in armed struggle for independence both within and abroad, a new method of struggle came into, existence.
This method included secret murders, preparations for the sudden uprising, and attempts to influence the army.
5. Panic among the British:
Although the armed revolutions could not uproot British rule, they could create much panic in the British bureaucracy.
The rulers were quite anxious and frightened regarding self-defense due to the activities. Of the revolutionaries.
6. Aid of foreign power:
The revolutionaries never hesitated to seek foreign aid for the sake of India’s independence.
They were the first to set the example that one could fight for his freedom even with the help of foreign powers.
For instance, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose had dreamt of making India independent with the help of foreigners. Power.
Question 10. Suppose you were a student of a government school during the anti-partition and Swadeshi movements. Write a letter to your friend narrating your experience of the National Education movement.
Answer:
Dear Ankush,
Kolkata
25.7.1906
Hope you and your family members are in the best of spirits. Today I shall tell you about my experience of the National Education movement through this letter.
I think you know that the anti-partition movement and Swadeshi movement started in protest against Lord Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal.
The National Education movement has also been launched as a part of the Swadeshi movement. Indians are being urged to boycott the English language and foreign educational methods.
Many indigenous educational institutions have been set up to spread indigenous education. Some of them are Rabindranath’s Brahmacharya Ashram,
Brahma Bandhav Upadhyay’s Sarswat Ayatan and Satish Chandra Mukhopadhyay’s ‘Don Society’: A mass meeting was also organized by the Don Society.
Subodh Chandra Chandra Mullick and Brajendra Kishore Roychowdhuri have donated rupees one lakh and five lakhs respectively for the spread of national education.
The National Education Council was established through a meeting presided over by Satyendranath Tagore in Kolkata.
The Bengal National School and College have been founded under the initiative of the Council.
Aurobindo Ghosh has been appointed the Principal of the college. In this way, national education has been spreading through the native initiative.
We expect that more native institutions will the established.
Let me stop here today.
Waiting for your reply.
Yours affectionately,
Soham
Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Nationalism Toic B Anti Pqartion Movement In Bengal And Revolutionary Terrorism Short Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. What was the main objective of Curzon’s partition of Bengal?
Answer:
1. Destruction of unity and integrity of Bengal:
Curzon wanted to create dissension between the Hindus and Muslims and destroy the integrity of the Bengalees.
The new feelings of nationalism and new awakening which were ignited by the great men of Bengal in the 19th century influenced the whole of India.
2. Weaken the National Congress:
Kolkata was the most vital center for Congress because all the transactions of the party were conducted from there.
So Curzon wanted to divide Bengal into two parts and thus harm the activities of the Congress.
Question 2. What do you mean by the ideal of ‘boycott’?
Answer:
1. Meaning:
The word ‘boycott’ means to refuse. However, the boycott which was concerned with the partition of Bengal aimed at refusing to use British goods.
2. Nature:
The discarding of British goods began on the day of partition, i.e., October 16, 1905. Students boycotted schools and colleges and shops and markets were picketed.
The cobblers refused to mend foreign shoes and the washermen refused to wash foreign clothes. In this way, people from all sections of society participated in the boycott.
3. Objectives:
To harm the commercial interests of the British, to build up public opinion against the partition,
to avoid all British goods and ideas and spread constructive rationalism as compensation.
Question 3. What do you mean by, the ideal of ‘Swadeshi’?
Answer:
1. Meaning:
The literal meaning of ‘Swadeshi’ is native. It indicates faith and reverence towards the tradition and lifestyle of one’s own country.
Lala Lajpat Rai said Swadeshi means “the liberation of the country”.
2. Origin:
Gopal Hari Deshmukh first used this word at Poona in 1849. In 1876 the Hindu Mela spread Swadeshi ideals.
In Kolkata, this idea was popularised by the essays written by Bhola Nath Chandra in Mukherjee’s magazine.
3. Beginning of the movement:
The Swadeshi movement began in India as a protest as well as a resistance against the decision to partition Bengal.
The ideals of Swadeshi and Boycott were linked together. Swadeshi could be achieved through the boycott of foreign ideas, lifestyles,s, and goods.
Question 4. What was the agenda of the Boycott Movement?
Answer:
1. Meaning:
The word “boycott” means to refuse. The widespread resistance offered by the Bengalees against Lord Curzon’s plan to partition Bengal was called the Boycott Movement.
2. Agenda:
- Boycott foreign clothes, salt, shoes, and cigarettes.
- Resignation from posts in government offices like magistrate, district board, municipality, and Panchayat offices.
- Resignation from the court, legal counsel, and other representative institutions.
- Boycott of titles, designations, and language.
- Boycott of educational institutions.
- Picketing in front of shops that sold wine, sugar, and other such foreign goods.
Practice Questions on Anti Partition Movement
Question 5. Write a note on Swadeshi (native) industrialization.
Answer:
1. Textile:
The Bangalaxmi and Mohini mills were set up in Bengal with the help of the native capital.
Many cloth mills grew up in Howrah, Haripal, Dhanekhali, and Chattagram. There was also high production in the cloth mills of Ahmedabad and Bombay.
2. Metallurgy:
Jamshedji Tata established the iron and steel industry in Jamshedpur. Sudhir Kumar Sen set up a cycle factory, and Chidambaram Pillai established a shipping company.
The cutlery industry grew up at Krishnanagar.
3. Medicine and chemicals:
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy founded Bengal Chemical. Dr. Nilratan Sarkar established the National Soap Factory.
The National Medical College grew up in Kolkata as a native hospital.
4. Other industries:
Other industries were leather, matches, sugar, paper, and pottery.
Question 6. What was the contribution of Muslim society to the Boycott Movement?
Answer:
1. Condemning partition:
Many members of the Muslim society condemned Curzon’s decision to partition Bengal. A censure motion was passed by the Central Mohammedan Association.
2. Public meetings:
Muslims opposed the partition in a public meeting in Kolkata under barrister Abdul Rasul.
3. Namaj in the Masjid:
Namaj was read in the mosques of Barisal, Mymensingh, and Sreerampur opposing the partition.
4. Providing leadership:
Stalwarts like Khwaja Atikulla, Abdul Shavan Choudhuri, and Maulavi Ismail Siraji came forward to lead the Movement.
Question 7. Why was the Raksha Bandhan Festival celebrated?
Answer:
Rabindranath decided to observe October 16, 1905 (the day of partition) as Rakshbandhan Day.
1. Maintain communal unity:
Lord Curzon tried to destroy Hindu-Muslim unity by dividing Bengal and thus weakening the national movement.
Rabindranath Tagore tried to uphold unity through the Raksha Bandhan festival.
2. Maintain territorial integrity:
Lord Curzon divided the Bengal Presidency into Bangladesh East Bengal and Assam.
This shattered the territorial integrity of Bengal and Raksha Bandhan festival was a mute yet symbolic protest against it.
Question 8. What was the contribution of the students to the Boycott Movement?
Answer:
1 Boycott foreign educational institutions:
The students participated in the Boycott Movement and took a pledge to boycott all foreign educational institutions. They also took a vow to avoid using foreign paper and pen.
2. Picketing:
The students started picketing before the shops that sold foreign clothes, wine, sugar, and salt.
3. Meetings:
The students organized several meetings at the campus of Ripon College (present Surendranath College), the Hindu hostel, and the Town Hall.
Question 9. Write about the formation and ideals of the Gadar party.
Answer:
1. Instructure:
Lala Hardayal established the Gaden Party in San Francisco in 1913 with the help of Sohan Singh Bhakra.
The word Gadar means ‘revolution’. About 15,000 resident Indians including Sikhs, Christians, and Muslims took membership in the party.
The first President was Keshar Singh and the Secretary was Lala Hardayal.
2. Ideals:
The journal of this party, the ‘Gadar’ was first published on November 1, 1913. This paper was used to spread revolutionary ideals in English, Hindi, Gujarati, and Urdu languages.
Their noble and. determined motive could be known from one of the advertisements. It said, “Brave soldiers wanted” to light the fire of gaydar (revolution) in India.
Salary death, reward martyrdom; stipend independence, battlefield India.”
Question 10. Why is Kshudiram Bose remembered?
Answer:
Kshudiram Bose was a brave revolutionary whose name remains immortal in the history of Bengal as well as that of India.
He was a member of the secret revolutionary organization called ‘Jugantar’.
1. Example of self-sacrifice:
Kshudiram wanted to kill the tyrant district judge Kingsford but he killed Mrs and Miss Kennedy by mistake.
He was hanged to death on August 11, 1908. This martyrdom of Kshudiram will always be remembered in history.
2. Inspiration youths:
Kshudiram’s martyrdom proved that the Indians were ready to make any sacrifice to win independence from the British.
When the armed movement reached its extreme at the beginning of the twentieth century, this idea became more prominent.
This example of self-sacrifice inspired future generations to participate in the freedom movement of India.
Question 11. Why is Bagha Jatin remembered?
Answer:
1. Example of the armed uprising:
Bagha Jatin planned an armed uprising in India by importing arms from Germany and taking. Help from the defense department of the government of Germany.
2. Example of self-sacrifice:
The example of self-sacrifice shown by Bagha Jatin and his associates Chittapriya Roy Chowdhury, Monoranjan Sengupta,
Jyotish Pal and Niren Dasgupta at the Battle of Burhibalam will always be remembered in history.
3. Ideal for future generations:
Bagha Jatin’s self-sacrifice at the Battle of Burhibalam (September 10, 1915) to free India with
the help of foreign aid served as an ideal for the future generation. His activities as a revolutionary made him immortal in history.
Question 12. What was the impact of the armed revolutionary movement on India’s independence?
Answer:
1. Ideal of liberty:
The armed revolutionaries had established a new value that independence was invaluable and self-sacrifice was more desirable than a life of slavery.
They considered death as a trifle. And played an important role in instilling the value of freedom among the Indians.
2 Panic among the British:
The armed revolution created panic among the British for the first time. The British aristocracy got terrified of seeing
The desperate attempt of the revolutionaries to get freedom through murder, secret killings as well as military uprisings.
Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Nationalism Toic B Anti Pqartion Movement In Bengal And Revolutionary Terrorism State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False
Question 1. Curzon decided to partition Bengal on the recommendation of the Rijli Commission.
Answer: True
Question 2. The decision to partition Bengal was put into action on October 16, 1906.
Answer: False
Question 3. The decision to partition Bengal was annulled on December 12, 1911.
Answer: True
Question 4. The Anushilan Samity was formed by Pramathanath Mitra and Satish Chandra Basu.
Answer: True
Question 5. The two provinces created as a result of the partition of Bengal were East Bengal and Assam.
Answer: True
Question 6. Aurobindo Ghosh is called the ‘Father of armed revolution in India.”
Answer: True
Question 7. The Gadar party was established by Lala Hardayal.
Answer: True
Question 8. Anushilan Samity was founded by Satish. Chandra Basu.
Answer: True
Question 9. Dhaka Anushilan Samity was founded under the leadership of Pulin Behari Das.
Answer: True
Question 10. Satish Chandra Basu brought weapons from Germany to fight against the British.
Answer: False
Question 11. Governor General Minto and Secretary of State for India Morley passed the Indian Council Act in 1919.
Answer: False
Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Nationalism Toic B Anti Pqartion Movement In Bengal And Revolutionary Terrorism Fill In The Blanks By Selecting The Appropriate Expressions From The Brackets
Question 1. The chief aim of the Swadeshi Movement was ________ (to attain self-reliance through national activities / to resist the partition of Bengal /to unify the Hindus and Muslims).
Answer: resist the partition of Bengal
Question 2. The ________ (Morley Minto Reforms Act/ Council Act/Rowlatt Act) was passed by the initiative of the first group of Congress leaders.
Answer: Council Act
Question 3. Bipin Chandra Pal was the editor of ________ (Young India/New India/ Jugantar).
Answer: New India
Question 4. Aurobindo Ghosh was the editor of ________ (Jugantar/Vande Mataram/Hindu Patriot).
Answer: Vande Mataram
Question 5. The first secret political association of Kolkata was ________ (Anushilan Samity / Jugantar Dal/Suhrid Samity).
Answer: Anushilan Samity
Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Nationalism Toic B Anti Pqartion Movement In Bengal And Revolutionary Terrorism Answer In A Complete Sentence
Question 1. Who founded the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti?
Answer: Pulinbehari Das founded the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti.
Question 2. Which was the mouthpiece of the revolutionaries?
Answer: The newspaper Jugantar’ was the mouthpiece of the revolutionaries.
Question 3. Who attempted to assassinate Magistrate Kingsford of the Bengal Presidency?
Answer: Kshudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki attempted to assassinate Magistrate Kingsford of the Bengal Presidency.
Question 4. When was the National Council of Education established?
Answer: The National Council of Education was established in 1906.
Question 5. Name a Swadeshi enterprise.
Answer: One of the Swadeshi enterprises was Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy’s Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works.