WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Analytical Type Questions

Question 1. Discuss the location, topography and rivers of the Great Lakes region.
Answer:

Location of the Great Lakes region:

The Great Lakes region lies in the northeastern part of the USA. This region takes into account the major areas of the US states of

1. Minnesota,
2. Wisconsin,
3. Illinois,
4. Indiana,
5. Michigan,
6. Ohio,
7. Pennsylvania and
8. New York.

Latitudinally and longitudinally, this region extends from 41°N to 50°N and 75°W to 93°W.

Topography of the Great Lakes region:

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The main features of the topography of the region are as follows-

1. This area is mainly plain land and this region is part of the Central lowlands.
2. Though no part of this region has an elevation greater than 180m, the deposition of moraine over many years has caused the formation of a rolling, undulating landscape.
3. Low hills are sometimes seen in this region.
4. In the east, the land between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario is quite steep- a difference of almost 75m. This is known as the Niagara Escarpment or ‘fall line’ and it is along this fall line that the famous Niagara Falls has originated.

Rivers of the Great Lakes region:

The main river of this region is the St. Lawrence River. The river falls into and rises again from each of the five lakes before finally flowing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. At different points in its course, it is known by different names.

For instance

It is known as the St. Marie River between Lake Superior and Lake Huron,

1. As St. Clare between Lake Huron and Erie,
2. As the Niagara River between the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. It is at this point on its course that the 51m high and 426m long, horseshoe-shaped, world-famous falls-the Niagara has originated. Apart from this Mississippi, Illinois, and Ohio Rivers also flow through this region.

Geography of the Great Lakes region

Question 2. Give an account of the mineral resources and the industries of the Great Lakes region.
Answer:

Mineral resources of the Great Lakes region:

The Great Lakes region is rich in mineral resources. The distribution of mineral resources in this region is tabulated below-

Apart from this, limestone, gypsum, manganese, lead, etc. are also found here.

Canadian Shield characteristics

Industries in the Great Lakes region:

This is the most developed industrial zone in the USA. The iron and steel, engineering, chemical, paper, meat packaging, leather, flour, rubber, dairy, and petrochemical industries have flourished here.

 

Question 3. Discuss the causes of industrialisation in the Lake region.
Answer:

Causes Of Industrialisation In The Lake Region:-

The causes of industrialisation in the Lake region are-

1. Support of sufficient capital:

The highly populated Lake region ensures sufficient support of capital for the development of the industries in this region.

2. Abundance of mineral resources:

Iron ore and coal mines of the Lake region provide an easy supply of raw materials which facilitate the development of the industries here.

Class 8 Geography Solutions WBBSE

3. Hydroelectric power:

The generation of hydroelectricity from Niagara falls provides power supply to the industries in the vicinity.

4. Developed transportation network:

Developed roadways and waterways in the Lake region provide easy transportation facilities for the movement of both people and goods.

5. Dense population:

The dense population of this region creates a demand for goods which generates the need for the growth of industries here. This in turn, also creates a demand for labour supply which is also met by this region.

Great Lakes ecosystem

Question 4. How did the Lake region industrially develop?
Answer:

Lake Region Industrially Develop As Follows:-

The Great Lakes region is the most industrially developed region in the world. The causes of industrialisation are also the main factors behind this rapid and sustained development. These reasons are as follows-

1. Abundance of iron ore:

The Great Lakes region, especially Vermilion, Mesabi, Marquette, Menominee, etc. located in the southern and western regions of Lake Superior are rich in iron ore resources.

This has led to the remarkable development of the iron and steel industry in this region.

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2. Proximity to coal mines:

Illinois and Indiana are famous coal mining regions. As the northern Appalachian coalfields are in close proximity to the Great Lakes region, power resources are easily available, which facilitates the growth of several industries.

3. Navigable waterway:

The five lakes and the St. Lawrence River have formed a navigable waterway through which trade can be carried out with the entire world.

4. Adequate hydroelectric power:

The fast-flowing rivers, along with Niagara Falls, help in the production of a large amount of hydroelectricity.

5. Developed roads and railways:

This region is well connected through highly developed roads and railways. Chicago is the largest rail junction in the USA.

Importance of Great Lakes for North America

6. Adequate water supply:

The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River can easily meet the huge water demand. Hence, industries have managed to develop and sustain themselves.

7. Highly populated region:

As the Great Lakes region is highly populated, there is an easy availability of labour force skilled and unskilled. This large population also implies a huge demand for locally manufactured goods.

8. Availability of raw materials from agriculture:

The Great Lakes region and its surroundings, being rich in agricultural resources, industries such as flour milling and cotton weaving have flourished here.

9. Availability of raw materials from livestock:

Extensive grasslands in the Great Lakes region mean that this region grows a huge amount of animal fodder. Based on this, the meat packaging, dairy and poultry industries etc. have developed here.

Question 5. State the role of the transportation system in the economic prosperity of the Lake region.
Answer:

Role Of The Transportation System In The Economic Prosperity Of The Lake Region:-

The advanced transport system of the Great Lakes region plays an important role in the economic development of this region.

Formation of the Canadian Shield

Navigable waterways:

The main mode of transport in the Great Lakes region is a network of rivers and streams that connect the five lakes. All five lakes are connected to the St. Lawrence River.

Canals and lock gates have been made to ensure navigable waterways in this region. In 1829, the Welland Canal was dug between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, in order to provide a navigable route that bypassed Niagara Falls.

This has enabled. easy access of ships to the ports of Chicago and Duluth. Similarly in 1895, the Sault Ste. Marie was dug between Lake Superior and Lake Huron to provide another route to ships to reach the Atlantic Ocean, besides the St. Lawrence River.

Large sea-going vessels can travel almost 1600km into the continent’s interior through the St. Lawrence waterway. It is through this canal that the region around the Appalachian Mountains and the Great Lakes region can exchange coal and iron respectively.

This has, in turn, resulted in the development of industries such as iron and steel, engineering, etc., in both these areas. Wheat from the Prairies is also transported through this waterway. T

his has resulted in the development of flour mills and bakeries in Buffalo, Duluth, Ontario, etc.

Developed roads and railways:

The Great Lakes region has a network of roads and railways that facilitate trade and hence contribute to its economic development. Chicago is the largest railway terminal in the USA.

Airways:

Airways make an important contribution to the transport sector, with airports situated in Chicago, Detroit and Indianapolis.

Question 6. Discuss the agricultural practices and animal rearing in the Great Lakes region.
Answer:

Agriculture:

The salient points of agricultural practices in the Great Lake region are discussed below-

Reasons for highly developed agriculture:

Commercial agriculture carried out with highly developed technology,

1. Vast expanses of undulating plainlands,
2. Optimal rainfall and suitable temperature due to the temperate and humid climate,
3. Fertile chernozem soil,
4. Modern techniques and methods of farming,
5. The practice of crop rotation,
6. High population density implies a very high demand for agricultural products and high availability of labour,
7. Easy availability of water for irrigation because of the lakes,
8. Developed communication and transportation network.

Main agricultural products:

1. Wheat,
2. Maize,
3. Oat,
4. Barley,
5. Rye,
6. Beet,
7. Com,
8. Different fruits such as apples, peaches and grapes.

To the south of the Great Lakes region lies the famous corn belt of America. To the north of this belt, hay clover and alfalfa are grown for cattle feeding. Besides this, Central Highland is well known for maize production.

Animal rearing:

The salient points of animal rearing in the Great Lakes region are discussed below-

1. Domestic animals:

In the cities and industries of this region for dairy products, cattle and pigs are raised in very hygienic and scientific ways. Poultry farming is also carried out here. This is one of the most famous animal-rearing centres in the world.

Factors for highly developed animal husbandry in this region:

The factors are as follows-

1. Large quantities of corn grown here along with the production of hay, alfalfa and clover ensure plentiful and high-quality fodder for cattle.
2. A cool climate facilitates the preservation of highly perishable dairy products.
3. Availability of vast expanse of land for cattle to graze on.
4. A plentiful water supply ensures that animals get adequate water.

The state of Wisconsin (on the banks of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior) is especially famous for animal rearing and dairy products so much so that it is known as the ‘Dairy State.

Also, Chicago (on the bank of Lake Michigan) in Illinois is known for meat preservation and its meat packaging industry and is thus known as the ‘slaughterhouse of the world.

Natural resources of the Great Lakes region

Question 7. Discuss the economic significance of the Great Lakes region.
Answer:

Economic Significance Of The Great Lakes Region:-

The economic significance of the Great Lakes region are as follows-

1. Abundance of farm products:

Though this is mainly an industrial belt, crops such as wheat, maize, barley, rye, oat, beet, etc. are grown in abundant quantities. These in turn, cater to the demand for agricultural products in the northeastern regions.

2. Livestock rearing:

Rearing of cattle is a major occupation here. This region holds the topmost place in beef production. Production of other dairy products such as cottage cheese and butter is also mention-worthy.

3. Largest reserve of iron ore:

A large percentage of the USA’s iron ore is extracted from the Great Lakes region. Vermilion, Mesabi, and Menominee (around Lake Superior and Lake Michigan) are famous for their iron ore resources.

4. Extraction of coal and various other minerals:

Coal is also extracted in large quantities from this area. Besides this, copper, mineral oil, mineral salt, limestone, gypsum, manganese, lead, etc., are also found here.

5. Most developed industrial belt in the USA:

Due to the emergence of different types of industries, the area around the Five Great Lakes has become one of the most developed industrial belts in the USA.

Example-

1. Iron and steel industry (buffalo, Chicago, gary, Duluth, etc.),
2. Engineering industry (Detroit, Chicago, etc.),
3. Chemical industry (Chicago, Detroit, Michigan, etc.),
4. Paper industry (green bay), meat industry (Chicago),
5. Leather industry (Chicago),
6. Dairy industry (Milwaukee),
7. Flour industry (buffalo),
8. The rubber industry (Akron) have developed in this region.

Also, the world’s largest automobile industry in Detroit, the world’s leading wheat-producing centre in Buffalo and the rubber capital in Akron are situated here.

6. Centre for financial exchange:

The third largest city in the USA-Chicago is situated in the Great Lakes region. Other important cities such as St Louis, Buffalo, Detroit, Duluth, etc., have also grown here. All these have made this region an important centre of financial exchange.

Question 8. Describe the location, size and topographic features of the Canadian Shield.
Answer:

Location of the Canadian Shield:

Cultural significance of the Great Lakes

The ancient, eroded plateau made up of hard rock such as granite and gneiss is known as the Canadian Shield. The Shield encompasses Hudson Bay in the east, the west and the south. It is also called the Laurentian Plateau.

The longitudinal extent of the region is from 55°W (Labrador. Highlands) in the east to 120°W (Great Bear Lake) in the west and its latitudinal extent is from 45°N (Lake Ontario) in the south to 82°N (north coast of Ellesmere Islands) in the north.

Area of the Canadian Shield:

This ancient plateau of Canada extends for 8 million sq. km. Although most of the Canadian Shield region extends across Canada, some areas adjacent to Lake Superior are also part of this shield region.

Topographic features of the Canadian Shield:

Topographic features of the Canadian Shield region are as follows-

1. The average elevation of the shield region is about 350m. This region remained buried under snow during the Ice Age and glacial erosion and decay over thousands of years has lowered its elevation. However, the average height of the eastern part of the Canadian Shield is almost 900m.
2. As an effect of glacial erosion, many lakes of different sizes-Great Bear, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Athabasca, Reindeer, etc. have formed in this region. The slope of the land is from south to north.
3. Although the Canadian Shield is made up of hard granite and gneiss rocks, limestone and slate stone can also be seen in some places. The slope of the land is from south to north
4. This region consists of small dome-shaped hills (average height 300 m-600 m), several lakes and swamps. notable mountain in this region is the Torngat (1652m).

Question 9. Describe the rivers, climate and types of vegetation of the Canadian Shield region.
Answer:

Rivers of the Canadian Shield region:

The rivers of the Canadian Shield region are as follows-

1. The main rivers flowing through the Canadian Shield region are Nelson, Churchill, McKenzie, Albany, Great Whale, etc. These rivers flow from south to north draining out at Hudson Bay and the river, McKenzie joins the Arctic Ocean. The river Saskatchewan, flows into Lake Winnipeg, while Athabasca flows into Lake Athabasca. The St. Lawrence River flows through the southeastern part of the Canadian Shield region and joins the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Most rivers of this region carry large volumes of water at great speed and this tremendous force is harnessed to generate electricity.
3. Most of the rivers in this region flow northward.
4. Different lakes-Great Bear, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Athabasca, and Reindeer have formed in this region due to the deposition of moraines, boulder clay, etc., from melting glaciers and glacial erosion. These lakes are located side by side and connected by rivers.

The climate of the Canadian Shield region:

Climatic conditions of the Canadian Shield region are as follows-

1. A cool temperate continental type of climate prevails in this region. The summers are short and the winters are long.
2. The northern parts of the Canadian Shield area belong to the severely cold Tundra region because of which these places experience about 7 months of winter with temperatures reaching well below freezing point.
3. The average summer temperature is around 10°C and the region receives rainfall during this period. The average rainfall is 40 cm and the south receives more rainfall than the north of the Canadian Shield region.
4. Due to heavy snow cover, it is almost impossible to carry out regular activities and transportation.
5. The south and south-eastern parts of the region experience a cool temperate east coast type of climate. The average annual temperature is 4°C.

Environmental challenges in the Great Lakes

Types of vegetation of the Canadian Shield region:

The types of vegetation of the Canadian Shield region are as follows-

1. In the northern parts of the Shield region, a tundra type of climate prevails, which is suitable for the growth of mosses, algae, small shrubs, bushes, and lichens.
2. Coniferous trees such as pine, fir, maple, spruce, birch, balsam, etc., cover a vast area in the south and southeastern part of the Shield region.
3. Deciduous trees such as oak, beech, maple etc., and coniferous trees such as pine, fir, etc., together form a mixed forest in the south-eastern of the Canadian Shield region.

Question 10. Give an account of the mineral resources and industries of the Canadian Shield region.
Answer:

Mineral resources of Canadian Shield region:

The Canadian Shield is rich in mineral resources. The most important mineral resources of the region are-

 

Industries of the Canadian Shield region:

The different types of industries that have developed in the Canadian Shield region are as follows:

 

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Very Short Answer Type Questions Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. The river _________ in North America is an important waterway of the Great Lakes region.
Answer: St. Lawrence

Question 2. The _________ river connects the five Great Lakes.
Answer: St. Lawrence

Question 3. Niagara Falls is situated on the St. Lawrence River between Lake _________ and Lake _________.
Answer: Erie, Ontario

Question 4. The canal that joins Lakes Superior and Huron is _________.
Answer: St. Marie

Question 5. In the middle of Niagara Falls, there is an island named _________.
Answer: Goat Island

Question 6. The largest iron ore mine in the world is the _________ Range in the Great Lakes region.
Answer: Mesabi

Question 7. _________, a suburb of Chicago, is the world’s largest centre of the steel industry.
Answer: Gary

Question 8. _________ in the USA is the world’s largest meat exporting city.
Answer: Chicago

Question 9. _________ to the south of Lake Michigan is the world’s largest rail junction.
Answer: Chicago

Question 10. Chicago’s _________ airport is the world’s busiest airport.
Answer: O’Hare

Question 11. _________ is known as the Windy City.
Answer: Chicago

Question 12. The Canadian Shield is a remnant of the ancient _________ landmass.
Answer: Angaraland

Question 13. The parts of the shield region that are now glacier covered have _________ type of soil.
Answer: Moraine

Question 14. _________ is surrounded on three sides by the Canadian Shield region.
Answer: Hudson Bay

Question 15. The coniferous forests of the Canadian Shield have _________ type of acidic soil.
Answer: Podsol

Question 16. The world’s largest nickel mine is in the Canadian city of _________.
Answer: Sudbury

Question 17. The second largest gold mine in the world is in _________.
Answer: Timinis

Question 18. The two main tunnels of the Canadian Shield region are the Alaska Highway and the _________ Highway.
Answer: Mckenzie

Question 19. Eskimos and _________ are two of the tribes native to the Canadian Shield region.
Answer: Red Indians

Class 8 Geography WBBSE

Question 20. The city of Montreal is situated on the banks of the river _________.
Answer: St. Lawrence

Question 21. Grand Bank is a notable _________..
Answer: Fishing centre

Question 22. _________ is the largest fjord-indented island in the Canadian Shield region and the fifth-largest in the world.
Answer: Baffin

WBBSE Write True Or False

Question 1. Niagara Falls is on the Colorado River.
Answer: False

Question 2. The world’s largest iron mine is located in the city of Vermilion.
Answer: False

Question 3. The main crops grown in the Great Lakes region are animal fodder.
Answer: False

Question 4. The Saskatchewan River discharges into Lake Winnipeg.
Answer: True

Question 5. Eskimos are found in Greenland.
Answer: True

Question 6. The Candian Shield region extends over almost 4.5 million sq.Km.
Answer: True

Question 7. The Niagara Falls is about 51 m high.
Answer: True

Question 8. Niagara Falls in North America is the world’s highest waterfall.
Answer: False

Question 9. Canada ranks first in the world in newsprint production.
Answer: True

Question 10. Chicago, the slaughter house of the world is situated on the banks of Lake Michigan.
Answer: True

Question 11. The Canadian taiga is the world’s largest taiga forest.
Answer: False

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Match The Columns

1.

Answer: 1. D, 2. E, 3. B, 4. A, 5. C

2.

Answer: 1. B, 2. A, 3. C, 4. E, 5. D

WBBSE Answer In One Or Two Words

Question 1. Which is the second-largest lake in the world in terms of surface area?
Answer: Lake Superior.

Question 2. From which river did the Niagara Falls originate?
Answer: St. Lawrence.

Question 3. Where in the USA is the largest amount of iron ore found?
Answer: Mesabi.

Question 4. Which is the largest inland port in the world?
Answer: Chicago.

Question 5. Which is the oldest part of the continent of North America?
Answer: Canadian Shield region.

Question 6. What is the other name for the Canadian Shield?
Answer: Laurentian plateau.

Question 7. Name two lakes in the Canadian Shield region.
Answer: Great Bear and Great Slave.

Glacial history of North America and its impact on Great Lakes

Question 8. Which is the longest river of Canada?
Answer: McKenzie.

Question 9. Name the world’s largest nickel mine.
Answer: Sudbury.

Question 10. Which is the second-largest gold mine in the world?
Answer: Timinis.

Question 11. Which waterway is called the lifeline of Canada?
Answer: St. Lawrence Waterway.

Question 12. Which is the largest city in Canada?
Answer: Toronto.

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Conceptual Questions And Answers

Who am I?

Question 1. ‘I am the largest freshwater lake in the world and I am one of the five Great Lakes’. -Who am I?
Answer: Lake Superior

Question 2. ‘I am the long cover of grassland of the central plains of the USA.- Who am I?
Answer: Prairie

Question 3. I am the world’s largest car manufacturing factory, situated in Michigan, USA.’- Who am I?
Answer: Detroit

Question 4. I am the most famous flour-producing centre in the world and I am situated on the banks of the Erie Lake.’- Who am I?
Answer: Buffalo

Question 5. I am the most famous city in the world and I am the capital of the USA.- Who am I?
Answer: Washington DC

Scrambled Words

1. LUCHRICOSPHEMBUSTOR
2. ESVERIAMGOCCIPU
3. ONYRKWE
4. RISUOPER
5. LACHIAPPANA

Answers:

1. CHRISTOPHER
2. AMERIGO VESPUCCI
3. NEW YORK
4. SUPERIOR COLUMBUS
5. APPALACHIAN

WBBSE Fill Up The Blanks In The Knowledge Hive

Question 1. Write what you know about the Mississippi- Missouri.

Answers:

1. This is the major river system in North America.
2. Originates in Lake Itasca.
3. The combined length of the Mississippi and the Missouri makes the river world’s fourth longest river.
4. Delta formed by this river where it discharges into the Gulf of Mexico resembles the shape of a bird’s foot.
5. Cities such as St. Louis and Minneapolis have come up beside it.

WBBSE Strike The Odd One Out

Question 1. Grand Canyon Niagara Falls: Superior: Mariana Trench
Answer: 1. Mariana Trench (not in North America)

Question 2. Coast Range: Canadian Shield Alaska Range Brooks Range
Answer: 2. Canadian Shield (not a mountain range)

WBBSE Correct The Following

Question 1. Mt. McKinley in the Coast Range is the highest peak in North America.
Answer: Alaska

Question 2. World’s biggest river valley project is being planned on the river Mississippi.
Answer: Tennessee

Question 3. Superior is the world’s fourth-largest lake.
Answer: second

Class 8 Geography WBBSE

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Crossword

 

WBBSE CLUES

Down:

1. The second most populous city in North America.
3. Famous waterfall on the St. Lawrence River.

Across:

2. The largest freshwater lake in the world.
4. America’s ‘Dairyland’.
6. Largest car manufacturing centre in the USA.

Answers:

Down: 1. Buffalo, 3. Niagara
Across: 2. Superior, 4. Wisconsin, 5. Detroit

WBBSE Advanced Questions And Answers

Question 1. Why is North America called the ‘most prosperous continent’? Or, In spite of being a ‘New World’ why is North America known as the ‘most developed continent’?
Answer:

The reasons for North America’s prosperity are discussed below-

1. Agriculture:

Temperate climate abundance of plain, cultivable land facilitates the growth of crops such as wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco, etc.

2. Livestock:

The presence of vast grasslands ensures the rearing of cattle, sheep and pig. This leads to abundant production of milk products, meat, wool, leather, etc.

3. Mineral resources:

North America is rich in mineral resources such as coal, iron ore, mineral oil, copper, lead, zinc etc.

4. Industrial development:

The iron and steel industry, engineering industry, aluminium industry, copper industry, etc. are highly developed here. The presence of coniferous forests has helped in the growth of timber and paper industries.

Moreover, North America’s progress in the economic field has made it the ‘most developed continent. The Prairie region is known as the Bread Basket of the World’, Chicago is called the ‘Slaughterhouse of the World’, Wisconsin is known as ‘America’s Dairyland’ and Detroit is called the ‘Automobile Capital of the World’.

Wildlife in the Canadian Shield

Question 2. What do you know about Minneapolis-Saint Paul?
Answer:

Minneapolis- Saint Paul:-

Minneapolis-Saint Paul, situated on both banks of the Mississippi River, are together known as the twin cities. The combined population of these two cities is about 6 million.

Minneapolis situated on the west bank of the Mississippi River is a notable city and the centre of flour milling, food processing and engineering industries.

This is a younger, more modern city with skyscrapers. The city of Saint Paul is located right across the river.

Question 3. Find out whether any region of your country is as developed as the Great Lakes region in terms of both agriculture and industry. Prepare a chart on the geographical features of that place.
Answer:

Gujarat, in our country, is well-known for its agricultural as well as industrial development.

Class 8 Geography WBBSE

WBBSE Chapter 9 Topic B Great Lakes Region And Canadian Shield Region Formative Interpretation And Application

This segment will test whether the students have understood the topics. Analyse the relationship between the following pictures.

Canada holds a remarkable position in wood (lumbering) and paper production. Extensive coniferous forests (like the pictures) grow all over the Canadian Shield region.

The timber of this forest is the main raw material of the wood and paper industry. This wood is soft in nature, thus transportation of logs becomes easier. Besides this paper and paper pulp production can be produced easily by this softwood.

So, the availability of raw materials contributes to the development of these industries. Canada holds the first position in newsprint production. Hence, there is a strong and direct connection between the coniferous forest and the wood or paper industry of Canada.

WBBSE Empathy And Cooperation

This segment will determine the ability of students to work as a team. The students are to be divided into two groups A and B. Group A is to prepare a list of the industries and their centres in the Great Lakes regions. Group B is to prepare a list of the industries and their centres in the Canadian Shield.

Group A: List of industries and important industrial centres in the Great Lakes region

Group B: List of industries and important industrial centres in the Canadian Shield

WBBSE In the given map point out the following places

1. Appalachian mountain,
2. Superior Lake (Sample Question, WBBSE Textbook),
3. Hudson Bay,
4. Caribbean Sea,
5. Newfoundland,
6. Niagara falls,
7. Mount Waddington,
8. Colorado Plateau,
9. Bering Strait,
10. Canadian Shield