WBBSE Solutions For Class 7 History Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Descriptive Questions

Question 1. Mention the main styles of architecture of the Sultanate period.
Answer:

Styles of architecture of the Sultanate period

There were three distinct architectural styles

1. Delhi style
2. Provincial style
3. Hindu style.

1. Delhi Style:

1. The first architectural construction made by Qutbuddin Aibak was the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque
2. The construction of Qutb Minar was started by Qutbuddin Aibak but completed by Iltutmish.
3. The famous mosque Adai- din-Ka Jhopra was built in Ajmer.
4. Alai Darwaza at Qutb Minar was built by Alauddin Khilji.
5. Among the architectural constructions of the Tughlaq period, the city of Tughlaqabad, fortress of Adilabad, city of Jahan Panah, and the Palace fort of Firozabad and Kotla Firoz Shah deserves special mention.

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2. Provincial Style:

Of the provincial styles, the most important were those of Gujarat, Malwa, Jaunpur, and Bengal. Architectures of South India may also be added to this Mosques of Barbak and Atala mosque, Adina mosque of Pandua, and Chhoto Sona masjid of Gauda are some of the specimens of provincial architecture.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers WBBSE

3. Hindu Style:

Specimens of Hindu architecture was free from foreign influence. The Vithalswami temple of Vijaynagar, ‘Jaya Stambha’ of Chitor, built by Rana Kumbha are fine examples of Hindu architecture.

1. The Jagannath temple of Puri, the Sun temple of Konark also deserve mention in this connection.
2. The structure of the Sultanate architecture was ornamental. So they were not destroyed and demolished.

 

Objective Type Questions

Strike the odd one out

Question 1. Kabir, Khaja Moinuddin Chisti, Meera Bai, Nanak
Answer: Khaja Moinuddin Chisti

Question 2. Krishna Das Kaviraj, Maladhar Basu, Govinda Das, Jibanananda Das
Answer: Jibanananda Das

Question 3. Chandi, Manasa, Dharma, Handicrafts
Answer: Handicrafts

Question 4. Bharatnatyam, Kathakali, Odishi, Bihu
Answer: Bihu

Question 5. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sultan
Answer: Sultan

Question 6. Ain-i-Akbari, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavat Puran
Answer: Ain-i-Akbari

Class 7 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers WBBSE

Question 7. Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Red Fort, Qutb Minar
Answer: Qutb Minar

Question 8. Tughlaqabad, Alai Darwaza, Siri, Pandua
Answer: Pandua

Question 9. Isami, Amir Khusrau, Faizi, Maladhar Basu
Answer: Maladhar Basu

Question 10. Battle of Tarain, Battle of Haldighat, Battle of Chausa, Deccan wars
Answer: Battle of Tarain

 

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Match The Columns

1.

Answer: 1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. E, 5. C.

2.

Answer: 1. C, 2. A, 3. B, 4. E, 5. D.

3.

Answer: 1. D, 2. G, 3. A, 4. F, 5. I, 6. J, 7. E, 8. C, 9. B, 10. B.

4.

 

Answer: 1. E, 2. H, 3. J, 4. F, 5. I, 6. D, 7. C, 8. A, 9. G, 10. B.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers WBBSE

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Exercise

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. In the Sultanate and Mughal periods, the houses of the common people were made of ________(tiles and bricks/cement and sand/marble).
Answer: Tiles and bricks

Question 2. The couplets of Kabir are known as ________ (bhajan/katha katha/doha).
Answer: Doha

Question 3. The Sufis regarded their Gurus as ________ (Pir/Muridi/Be-shara).
Answer: Pir

Question 4. ________(Kolkata/Nabadwip/Murshidabad) was the main centre of the Chaitanya movement.
Answer: Nabadwip

Question 5. ________(Nanak/Kabir/Meera Bai) was the devotee of Lord Krishna or Giridhari.
Answer: Meera Bai

Question 6. The main feature of Din-i-Allah was that the relation between the Mughal Emperor and the nobility was of ________ (teacher-student/ master-servant/ruler-subjects).
Answer: Teacher-student

Question 7. The craftsmanship of inlaying gems on marble with intricate design is called ________ (Chahar bag/Pietra Dura/Terracotta).
Answer: Pietra Dura

Question 8. The Persian translation of the Mahabharata is known as ________ (Hamzanama/Tutinama/ Razmnama).
Answer: Razmnama

Question 9. (Daswant/Mir Sayeed Ali/Abdus Samad) ________ was better known as ‘Shirin Kalam’.
Answer: Abdus Samad

Question 10. Jaunpuri raga was created by ________ (Bajju Bawra/Hussain Shah Shirki/Ibrahim Shah Sharqi).
Answer: Hussain Shah Shirki

Question 11. The author of ‘Sri Krishna Vijaya Kavya’ is ________(Kashiram Das/Krittibas Ojha/Maladhar Basu).
Answer: Maladhar Basu

Question 12. The Persian wheel was used for ________ (lifting water/firing shells of cannons/ gardening).
Answer: Lifting water

Class 7 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers WBBSE

Select The Most Appropriate Option For The Following Sentences

Question 1. Industries were established along the river banks.
1. No tax was imposed for industries established beside rivers.
2. In the past all people lived beside rivers.
3. It was easier to import raw materials and export finished products.

Answer: 3. It was easier to import raw materials and export finished products.

Question 2. Chaitanya adopted Bengali as the means for spreading Bhakti.
1. He only knew Bengali.
2. In those days the language of the common people of Bengal was Bengali.
3. All books on Bhakti were written in Bengali.

Answer: 2. In those days the language of the common people of Bengal was Bengali.

Question 3. Chisti Sufis did not join politics.
1. They believed worshipping God was not possible by involvement in politics.
2. They did not understand politics.
3. They were humanists.

Answer: 1. They believed worshipping God was not possible by involvement in politics.

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Question 4. Akbar introduced Din-i-play.
1. He was a follower of Buddhism.
2. He wanted to build a group of followers.
3. He gave up warfare.

Answer: 2. He wanted to build a group of followers.

Question 5. The Mughal emperors were interested in building forts.
1. Building cost of forts was less.
2. Building forts was easier than palaces.
3. Building forts would make the empire secure.

Answer: 3. Building forts would make the empire secure.

Question 6. During the reign of Jahangir European painting influenced Mughal painting.
1. In that period European paintings started arriving at the Mughal court.
2. In that period the Mughal painters were Europeans.
3. In that period Indian artists had learned painting from Europe.

Answer: 3. In that period Indian artists had learned painting from Europe.

Question 7. In the medieval age, Radha and Krishna were at the center of Manipuri dance.
1. The god and goddesses of Indian dance were Krishna and Radha.
2. Vaishnava cult spread to Manipur in that period.
3. Chaitanya belonged to Manipur.

Answer: 2. Vaishnava cult spread to Manipur in that period.

Question 8. In ancient India, people used to write on palm leaves.
1. In that period use of paper was not known.
2. In that period cost of paper was high.
3. In that period the Indians had not invented ink to be used on paper.

Answer: 1. In that period use of paper was not known.

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Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Answer The Following Questions Briefly In 30 To 50 Words

Question 1. Which fruits, vegetables, and crops were largely cultivated during the Sultanate and Mughal periods?
Answer:

1. Fruits during the Sultanate and Mughal periods: Mango, banana, jackfruit, coconut, date palm, and grapes were cultivated.
2. Vegetables during the Sultanate and Mughal period: Brinjal, gourd, pumpkin, fig, ridge gourd, and arum were grown.
3. Food grains during the Sultanate and Mughal periods: Paddy, wheat, barley, sesame, mustard, and various types of pulses like moong, Masur, chana, and arhar were also cultivated.

Question 2. Who were the Bhakti saints of medieval India?
Answer:

Bhakti saints of medieval India:

In medieval India, the famous Bhakti saints included Ramananda, Kabir, Nanak, Dadu, Sri Chaitanya, and Meera Bai. They emphasized on the oneness of God and felt that God could be attained by pure love and devotion.

Question 3. What is Silsila? What was the lifestyle of the Chisti Sufis?
Answer:

Silsila:

The term Silsila means sect or order. There were nearly a hundred Sufi sects in India, out of which, the most popular ones were Chisti, Suhrawardi and Qadiri. During the reign of Akbar, Abul Fazl records the names of 14 sects.

Lifestyle of Chisti Sufis:

The Sufis of the Chisti order led a very simple and austere life, immersing themselves completely in thoughts of Allah. They accepted no governmental aid and survived on the alms given by the common folk.

Question 4. How was the oath-taking ceremony of Din-i-llahi like?
Answer:

The oath-taking ceremony of Din-i-llahi like:

Persons, willing to accept the Din-i-llahi, had to follow a ceremony through which, they took an oath of loyalty to the emperor.

They had to promise, to sacrifice (kurban) their life (Jaan), property (maal), faith (din), and dignity (namus) in the service of the emperor. Then, they had to bow and touch the feet of the Badshah.

At the end, the emperor bestowed on them, a new turban and a small picture of himself to fix in front of the turban.

Question 5. What was the special architectural characteristic of Alai Darwaza?
Answer:

The special architectural characteristic of Alai Darwaza:

Alai Darwaza was built during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Khilji in the campus of the Qutb Minar.

1. It was made of red sandstone.
2. It was a stunning example of the fusion of Indo- Saracenic or Indo-Islamic art.
3. On the doorway was engraved praises and eulogies about the Sultan instead of the message of Allah.

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Question 6. What is meant by ‘calligraphy’ and ‘miniature’?
Answer:

Calligraphy:

It refers to the art of decorative handwriting, prevalent in the Middle ages when printing was not known.

Miniature:

These are paintings and portraits of very small size drawn on pages of manuscripts or portfolios. They are amazingly detailed, with bright and vibrant colors. These are not used as wall hangings.

Question 7. What is ‘shivayana’? What aspect of the lifestyle of Bengal peasants is learnt from it?
Answer:

Shivayana:

The literature composed on the Hindu deity Shiva is called Shivayana. The stories of the Puranas and the religious scriptures based on Lord Shiva, are also associated with the household and family life of Shiva and Parvati.

Lifestyle of Bengal peasants:

In Shivayana literature, Shiva is portrayed as a poor peasant trying to make a living with Durga, his wife. The family life of Shiva and Durga reflects the life of Bengal peasants during this period.

Question 8. Where was paper invented? Write about the use of paper in medieval India.
Answer:

Invention:

Paper was invented in China in the 1st century AD.

Use of paper:

In the 13th century, the technology of paper manufacturing came to India from China through Central Asia. The paper was used for the purpose of writing. The paper was also used as packing material to deliver sweetmeats.

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Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Answer The Following Questions In Detail In 100 To 120 Words

Question 1. Write about the lifestyle of the common people in medieval India.
Answer: The common people of medieval India spent an easy-going life.

Lifestyle of the common people of medieval India

1. Food:

Their daily food was the same old ‘Kedgeree’ (khichri). They had their meal once a day. According to foreign accounts, they did not know the taste of meat.

2. Dress:

They had not sufficient dresses to wear. They had rarely one or two-bed sheets for laying their beds. They used the sheets sometimes to cover themselves. Though sufficient in summer, in winter, they had to suffer.

3. Furniture:

As regards furniture, they had a pair of ‘charpoy’ and a few cooking utensils only.

4. House:

They made their residence around a well ditch or a pond. The minimum elements required for their settlement was a bundle of hay and a few tree trunks. All these were enough for their dwelling.

5. Amusement:

Wrestling, archery, javelin throwing and swimming were some of their favorite sports. Folk songs, dancing, and juggling were their source of enjoyment. Conclusion: Famine or no famine, the condition of the poor people remained the same.

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Question 2. How were the people of different religions united by Kabir’s Bhakti ideology?
Answer:

The people of different religions united by Kabir’s Bhakti ideology:

According to legends, Kabir was born to a Hindu Brahmin widow of Kashi but was brought up by a childless Muslim weaver couple. So his birth and upbringing was symbolic in unifying the two religions.

Bhaktivad of Kabir

1. Philosophy:

Kabir believed in monotheism. He felt that the same God has many forms like Rama, Hari, Govinda, and Allah.

2. Kabir panthis:

Both Hindus and Muslims were Kabir’s disciples. The followers of Kabir were called Kabir Panthis and survived for a long as a minor community or sect.

3. Equality:

Kabir was the symbol of equality and universal brotherhood. He tried to remove religious and caste distinctions in society.

 

 

4. Hindu-Muslim unity:

Kabir preached the ideal of cordial relations among people of various religions and castes. He added, people did not need to renounce temporal life to pray to God but could attain God by devotion and truth. This attracted people of all religions and castes towards him.

5. Philosophy of family life:

Kabir never asked to renounce family life and accept asceticism. So people of different castes and creeds accepted Bhaktivad while continuing their family lives.

Question 3. Analyze the effect of the Vaishnava movement in Bengal.
Answer:

The effect of the Vaishnava movement in Bengal:

During the Hussain Shahi era, the Vaishnava movement started in Bengal under the leadership of Sri Chaitanya.

Consequences of the Vaishnava movement

1. Religion:

Sri Chaitanya’s emphasis on intense devotion, simplicity, and equality of mankind created a revolution not only in Bengal but on the whole of India.

2. Society:

The rigidity of the caste system was somewhat relaxed by the message of universal tolerance, love, equality, and brotherhood. Untouchability and the domination of Brahmins became much lesser than before.

He showed a new way to the neglected and downtrodden people of society.

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3. Literature:

Medieval Bengal was also enriched by the compositions of Vaishnava literature and biographies of Sri Chaitanya like ‘Chaitanya Bhagavata’, ‘Chaitanya Mangal’, and ‘Chaitanya Charitamrita’. The main Vaishnava literature also underwent a change.

4. Gaudiya Vaishnava sect:

It was founded by the followers of Sri Chaitanya to promote equality and brotherhood.

5. Spiritual democracy:

The preaching of Vaishnavism by Sri Chaitanya gave an aura of spiritual democracy to religious practices. The rigidity in practicing religion based on caste and creed was reduced.

6. Checking moral degeneration:

The ethical decline of society, that had started since the 12th century, was somewhat arrested and people became more humane and less self-centred. Thus, the moral and humanistic values were restored in the society.

Question 4. Write a note on Akbar’s Din-i-llahi.
Answer:

Din-i-llahi

1. Meaning:

The Persian word, ‘Din-i-llahi’ implies ardent devotion to God. Abul Fazal and Badauni have called it the ‘Tauhid-i- Ilahi’ or ‘Divine Monotheism’.

2. Main Principles:

The main principles of Din-i-llahi were

1. Vegetarian diet
2. Social service and charity
3. To address each other as ‘Allah Hu Akbar’ and to reply with the words, Jallah Jallalaha’
4. To give up blind faith, rituals, superstitions, and beliefs
5. To sacrifice life, property, and self-respect in the service of the emperor.

3. Nature:

Introduced by the Mughal emperor Akbar, Din-i-llahi was made up of the positive and moral virtues of all religions. Some critics think that it resembled Islam in some features as it incorporated Namaz, Roza, Haj, and Zakat.

4. Features:

1. This faith had no place for deities-the emperor was the sole guide
2. Emphasis was laid on generosity and purity of soul
3. Followers had to take vegetarian diet, give up alcohol, follow toleration, self-sacrifice, detachment, politeness and abstinence from alcohol.

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5. Results:

1. Through the Din-i-llahi, relations between Hindus and Muslims grew cordial, which in turn, strengthened the Mughal Empire
2. The influence of the Ulemas and Maulvis was somewhat reduced and the authority of the emperor was consolidated.

Question 5. Discuss about gardening and fort building during the reign of the Mughal emperors.
Answer:

Gardening and fort building during the reign of the Mughal emperors:

Under the Mughal Emperors, a separate style of construction of forts and gardens emerged. Forts were set up for self-defence while gardens were created for enjoyment and recreation.

Construction of gardens

Babur, the founder of Mughal rule in India, was very fond of gardens. Under him, evolved a new system, wherein, the garden was divided into four parts. The Persian term for this style was Chaharbagh while the Hindi name was Char Bagh.

This style is found in Kashmir’s Nishat Bagh, Shalimar Bagh of Lahore, Humayun’s Tomb in Delhi, and Taj Mahal of Agra.

Construction of forts

Among the Mughal rulers, Akbar first took up the construction of forts. He built the Agra Fort and forts at Ajmer, Lahore, and Allahabad. The next ruler, Jahangir lived at Lahore and built a palace inside the fort.

Shah Jahan repaired the forts at Agra and Lahore and built the Red Fort at Delhi. Aurangzeb paid great attention to the defense of the Delhi Fort.

Question 6. What were the main features of the different architectural phases in medieval Bengal?
Answer:

The main features of the different architectural phases in medieval Bengal:

The Bengali style of architecture was highly advanced and an idea about it can be obtained from paintings and sculptures.

Architectural phases in medieval Bengal

1. Classification:

The architecture was of different types like stupas, vihara, temples, and mosques. Stupas and vihars were based on Buddhism while temples were set up by Hindus. The architecture of the mosque betray Hindu element along with Islamic element.

2. Examples:

Notable examples are the bronze stupa at Ashrafpur, near Dhaka, Satyapir Bhita stupa at Paharpur, and stone stupa at Jogighopa in Dinajpur. There is not much evidence of temple architecture.

In the Sultanate era, mosques like Bara Sona Masjid, Choto Sona Masjid, Loton Masjid, Dakhil Darwaza, and Kadam Rasul were constructed.

3. Characteristics:

1. From various sources it is known that temples were structurally high with towers.
2. The mosques were constructed according to the Do-Chala Plan and had lotus motifs.

Question 7. What was the role of the Mughal emperors in the development of Mughal painting?
Answer:

The role of the Mughal emperors in the development of Mughal painting:

Mughal Emperors played an important role in developing Mughal painting which had both European and Indian elements.

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Development of painting during Mughal Era

1. Features:

It showed combination of Indo- Persian styles. It depicted scenes from nature, trees, animals, and flowers and later portraits and miniature painting.

2. Role of Emperors:

1. Babur, a lover of nature, patronized quite a few painters at his court, to encourage art.
2. Humayun patronized at his court, two Persian painters, Mir Syed Ali, and Khwaja Abbas.
3. Akbar, the next ruler, set up a separate department of painting under the supervison of Abdus Samad and had arranged for illustrating, various episodes from religion and history.
4. Under Jahangir, Mughal painting became free of Persian influence and was enriched under painters like, Bishen Das, Mohammad Nadir, and Ustad Mansur.
5. During Shah Jahan’s reign, Muhammad Nadir, made handsome contribution to art.
6. However, Aurangzeb deemed painting as a luxury, anti-Islamic, and a waste of time.

Question 8. Discuss how the use and popularity of Persian language increased in medieval India.
Answer:

The use and popularity of Persian language increased in medieval India:

During the Middle Ages in India, the Persian language became very popular, and various literary works were created in Persian.

Increasing popularity of Persian Language

Use:

Persian language and literature began to flourish under the Sultans of Delhi. With the establishment of Turkish rule in India, Persian became the state language, particularly with state patronage.

Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak and Iltutmish patronized Persian language. Lahore became the main center for the cultivation of Persian language and literature.

Delhi, Jalandhar, and Firozabad also emerged as centres of Persian learning. Persian was also used for composing literary pieces.

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2. Popularity:

Persian became the medium of literature. Eminent writers included Amir Khusrau, Mir Hasan Dehlavi, Minhaj-ud-din Siraj, Isami, and Ziauddin Barani.

At the initiative of Sultan Zainul Abedin, the Rajatarangini, Mahabharata, and other Sanskrit texts were translated into Persian. During the Mughal era, biographies of Babur, Humayun, and Akbar were composed in Persian.

Its popularity was enhanced due to the efforts of poets like Faizi, Kasim Khan Mauzi, Urfi, Naziri, and Bedil.

Question 9. What were the changes that occured in military and agricultural technology in the Sultanate and Mughal age?
Answer:

The changes that occured in military and agricultural technology in the Sultanate and Mughal age:

In both the Sultanate and Mughal eras, great technological innovation was noticed in the spheres of military science and agriculture.

Use of technology

1. Military:

At the onset of the 14th century, gunpowder entered India from China through the Mongols. Gun-powder-operated rockets began to be used in some parts of India.

The technology of the gun came to India during the 2nd half of the 15th century from China and Mameluk-ruled Egypt. With Babur’s invasion, the use of cannons and shells in battles began.

2. Agriculture:

In the sphere of agriculture, advanced models of spades, ploughs, and other implements began to be used. To facilitate irrigation, new methods were introduced. During the 13th century, the Persian wheel was brought to India from Persia.

The machine, made of wood and operated by animal power, had belts and gears fitted. Water was extracted from reservoirs by means of mud vessels and ropes.

Knowledge was also borrowed from the Portuguese to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural output.

 

 

Question 10. Write an imaginary dailogue between Kabir and a Suhrawardi sufi saint on politics, lifestyle, and religion.
Answer:

Place: Delhi,
Period: Sultanate Period Suhrawardi
Sufi saint: Are you Kabir, a Bhaktibadi saint?
Kabir : Yes. I am Kabir. You?
Sufi saint: I belong to the Suhrawardi order or ‘silsila’ of sufism.
Kabir: It is told that the sufis always keep contact with politics and politicians. Is it correct?
Sufi saint: Yes. You have been rightly told. We, the sufi saints always keep contact with politics and the ruling class.
Kabir: What is your argument in favour of your opinion?
Sufi saint: I think that we should not have no reservation in this matter. We may seek any sort of gift or assistance from the Sultans.
Kabir: What is your views on the lifestyles of the Sufis?
Sufi saint: We do not think it proper to lead a life of the poors. We think, poverty always stands in the way of divine thought. However, what is your opinion about it?
Kabir: I strongly believe that true faith could be attained only by purity and genuineness of spirit, and not by social norms, rituals and religious rites.
Sufi saint: What is the use of temples and mosques then?
Kabir: God is within you only and nowhere else.
Sufi saint: I am so pleased to talk to you. If God wills, we will meet again.

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Question 11. Suppose you are a common man of Nabadwip during the time of Sri Chaitanya. You have seen that Chaitanya has set out for Nagar Sankirtan. What will you do?
Answer:

Suppose you are a common man of Nabadwip during the time of Sri Chaitanya.

As a common man of Nabadwip I would have taken part in ‘Nagar Sankirtans’. ‘Nagar Sankirtans’ were sung in ceremonial processions and covering the entire city. I would have found much pleasure in these ‘sankirtans’.

As there was no consideration of castes in ‘Kirtan’, I would have felt no reservation in singing together indiscriminately. I would have felt much excitement to be introduced with so many disciples of Sri Chaitanya like Nityananda, Sribas, Rup-Sanatan, Yaban Haridas, and others.

Sri Chaitanya mixed freely with the lower caste people. He infused a spirit of unity among them. It gladened me, no doubt. I felt pride in it.

Question 12. If you were a painter in the Mughal karkhana, what would you have painted to please the emperor?
Answer:

If I were a painter in the Mughal karkhana, the kinds of paintings I would have drawn to please the emperor are

1. Court painting:

Most of the court painters of the Mughal period came from the Western part of India including Gujarat. To appease the emperors, the artists too used to draw court scenes. I would have followed the same style of painting.

2. Book designing:

Emperors like Akbar liked the art of book design. I also used to take much interest in book designing and illustration.

3. Miniature painting:

During the time of Emperor Akbar ‘miniature’ painting was in use. They were small in size and shape. In these pictures, golden and other colours were used. I also would have painted such pictures to please the emperor.

4. European style:

Mughal emperors were influenced by the European style of painting. The pictures became more realistic and natural. Nature, plants, and animals became the subject of painting. So I would have drawn such pictures so that they may please the emperor.

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5. Portraiture:

Portrait making was all time favourite to the Mughal emperors. The style was also started from the time of Akbar. Therefore, I would have tried to portray their appearance exactly.

Question 13. Suppose you are the teacher of your class. You are teaching about the use of Arabic and Persian words in Bengali language. You want to give a list of Arabic and Persian words used in everyday Bengali to your students. Make a list of such words. Take help of a Bengali dictionary.
Answer:

I am a Bengali teacher of my school. I would like to teach my students about the use of Arabic and Persian words in Bengali language; they are as follows:

 

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Short Answer Questions

Question 1. If you compare the price of commodities during the reign of Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, do you find any difference?
Answer: During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the price of commodities was much higher than the reign of Alauddin Khilji.

Question 2. The common people could understand the words of Guru Nanak and Kabir. What was the reason behind it?
Answer: Guru Nanak and Kabir were both Bhakti saints. The common people could easily understand the words of both as:

1. Both of them accepted all the people without any discrimination.
2. They preached in the regional language.
3. Their words were very simple to understand.

Question 3. Why do you think the tradition of Bengali biographical literature started with Sri Chaitanya?
Answer: In the period of Hussain Shahi rule, the tradition of writing on the life and works of Sri Chaitanya had just started. Later many Vaishnava poets had composed poetry on the life of Sri Chaitanya. They were called ‘Chaitanya Jivani Kavya’.

The well-known works of this age were ‘Chaitanya Charitamrita’ by Krishnadas Kaviraj and ‘Chaitanya Mangala’ by Jayananda. According to historians, the emergence of Sri Chaitanya had exerted a profound influence on the common man, especially of Bengal.

Under his wonderfull inspiration the genius of the Bengalis expressed itself in diverse ways, especially in literature. Vernacular literatue and language was also enriched during this period. In fact, it was the first awakening of the Bengaee race, centering around Sri Chaitanya.

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Question 4. Why do you think the tradition of Bengali biographical literature started with Sri Chaitanya?
Answer: Sri Chaitanya had exerted the greatest influence on the common people of Bengal. Again in Bengal literature developed most. The Vaishnava poets made the greatest contribution in the development of Bengali literature.

So I think, the tradition of Bengali biographical literature started with Sri Chaitanya.

Question 5. After reading the account of Thomas Roe what is your impression about Emperor Jahangir?
Answer: As Jahangir included Sir Thomas Roe in Din-i-Allah, he may be said to be a liberal and benevolent emperor.

Moreover, we may assume that he was not rigid enough to impose the traditional system of the court on Roe. So he was an easy going man of moderate. He was not reactionary.

Question 6. Make a list of the architectural monuments built during the Sultanate and the Mughal age.
Answer:

Sultanate period:

Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, the city of Tughlaquabad, the Tomb of Iltutmish Fortress of Allahabad, the city of Jahan Panah, and the palace fort of Firozabad.

Mughal period:

Babar’s Chaharbag garden, Sher Shah’s Purana Qila and the Tomb of Sasaram, the construction of Dinpanah started in Humayun reign, Akbar’s Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri, the tomb of Selim Chisti, Dewan- Aam, Dewan-i-Khas, city of Fatehpur Sikri, Buland Darwaza, the famous Itmad-ud-daula tomb of Nurjahan, Shah Jahan’s Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas and the great Taj Mahal.

Class 7 History WBBSE

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Formative

Excerpt from the text:

After becoming an ascetic, Sri Chaitanya often used to fast. The devotees only tried to feed him with different delicacies. The description of one such meal is quite interesting.

Spinach, mung, sufficient rice with ghee, parval and other mixed vegetables, fried fresh neem leaves, brinjal, mxied vegetables with mocha (banana flower), coconut, condensed milk, payesh, bananas (champa kala), curd, flattened rice (chira) with milk and so on.

Interestingly badi (small tablets of pulses) was used in vegetables but not potatoes. But Chaitanya never used to take much food. Instead he fed his disciples.

He even fed the kirtaan singers. Again, he invited the hungry and fed them. It is said that sometimes he used to go for picnic with his disciples.

Questions related to the above text are given below for formative evaluation.

Class 7 History WBBSE

Empathy And Cooperation

Question 1. Give a comparative study of the food habits of the Mughals and those of the people of this age.
Answer: In the medieval period our country witnessed the rule of different foreign countries. The Mughals may be cited for example. From the very beginning of the 16th century, different European countries started sending envoys to India.

As a result, different foreign elements got mixed up with the eating and drinking habits of the Indian people along with their culture. Cooks of different countries like Turkey and Persia introduced different food items of their own to appease the emperors.

Consequently, varieties of food increased in medieval India. Now as a result of globalization, contact with different countries of the world has increased.

Therefore in each and every sector of lifestyle and food habits, diversities have been introduced. People have come to know about their eating habits and the dresscodes through the newspapers and television channels.

The new system has achieved our acceptibility. So exotic foods like Pizza, Pasta, burgers have become highly popular among our people.

The questions above will enable the students to build up a close relationship between the present and the past. As a result, a feeling of empathy and cooperation will be formed.

Class 7 History WBBSE

Aesthetics And Creative Expression

Different types of foods are popular even today. Draw a poster either singly or jointly, on this subject.

The poster will inculcate the sense of creativity and will help the learner to develop further knowledge about food and its history.

 

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Chronology

 

 

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1. Bhakti cult started in Bengal under the guidance of

1. Guru Nanak
2. Sri Chaitanya
3. Kabir
4. Namadev

Answer: 2. Sri Chaitanya

Question 2. Jital’ means

1. Rupaya
2. Tanka
3. Mohar
4. Paise

Answer: 2. Tanka

Question 3. Days and nights were divided into prahars

1. Two
2. Six
3. Four
4. Eight

Answer: 4. Eight

 

Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Bhakti cult was first introduced in _________(South/East/West) India.
Answer: South

Question 2. ‘Dohas’ of Kabir developed in _________ (Bengali/Hindi/Urdu/Gurumukhi) language.
Answer: Hindi

 

State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False

Question 1. Sufis were divided into two orders.
Answer: True

Question 2. Darga of Salim Chisti is at Fatehpur Sikri.
Answer: True

Question 3. Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki belonged to Nathpanthis.
Answer: False

 

Chapter 7 Lifestyle And Culture Topic C Miscellaneous Write In A Complete Sentence

Question 1. Who are called ‘Be-shara’?
Answer: Those who did not obey the Islamic laws are called Be-shara

Question 2. Who wrote ‘Srikrishna Kirtan’?
Answer: Badu Chandidas wrote ‘Srikrishna Kirtan’

 

Answer The Following Questions

Question 1. What is Buland Darwaza?
Answer:

Buland Darwaza:

Buland Darwaza or the ‘door of victory’ was built by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri.

Question 2. Describe the society during the Sultanate and Mughal era.
Answer:

The society during the Sultanate and Mughal era:

During the Sultanate and Mughal eras, society was based on the joint family. In both society and family, women were ranked lower than men. Hindu ladies used the veil while Muslim ladies used the purdah.

In poor, peasant families, both men and women worked together side by side at home and in the fields.

Question 3. What is Sufism? What were its features?
Answer:

Sufism

Since the 10-11th century, many Muslims started looking for the path of worshipping god without following the strict religious doctrines. The Sufi saints who came from central Asia, showed a new path of adoration.

They desired to worship god in their own way. This is called Sufism.

Features of Sufism

1. Nature:

When Sufism came to India from central Asia, the religious conception of Bhakti cult and the Nathapanthis very much existed there. So it is believed, Sufism, Bhakti cult, and the Nathapanthis influenced each other.

2. Groups:

In India Sufism was divided into two groups-Chistis Suhrawardis. ‘Chistis’ belonged to the Ganga-Yamuna doab area and the Suhrawardis belonged to Sind, Punjab, and Multan.

3. Human Philosophy:

The Sufi saints did not judge the people with the yardstick of religion, money, and power.

4. Religious doctrine:

So far the religious doctrine was concerned the ‘Sufis were of two orders. Those who followed the Islamic principles were called ‘Ba-Shara’ and those who did not, were called ‘Be-Shara’.

‘Shara’ means Islamic laws. Vagabond ‘Sufis’ and ‘Kalandars’ were of the former order and the ‘Chistis’ and ‘Suhrawardis’ were of the second order.