WBBSE Solutions For Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous  Strike The Odd One Out

Question 1. Tajuddin Yaldoz, Qutbuddin Aibak, Alauddin Khilji, Nasiruddin Qubacha
Answer: Alauddin Khilji

Question 2. Caliph, Khutba, Imam, Iqta
Answer: Iqta

Question 3. Harihar, Krishnadeva Raya, Virupaksha, Deva Raya II
Answer: Krishnadeva Raya

Question 4. Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, Sikandar Shah, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah
Answer: Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

 

Match The Columns

1.

Answer: 1. B, 2. D, 3. E, 4. A, 5. F, 6. C

2.

Answer: 1. E, 2. F, 3. B, 4. A, 5. C, 6. D

3.

Answer: 1. F, 2. D, 3. A, 4. E, 5. B, 6. C

4.

Answer: 1. F, 2. A, 3. D, 4. E, 5. C, 6. B

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Exercise

Find Out The Odd One And Underline It

Question 1. Iltutmish, Razia, Ibn Batuta, Balban
Answer: Ibn Batuta

Question 2. Tabarhind, Sunam, Samana, Jhelum
Answer: Jhelum

Question 3. Kharaj, Khams, Jizya, Amir, Zakat
Answer: Amir

Question 4. Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golconda, Punjab, Bihar
Answer: Punjab

Question 5. Barbosa, Mahmud Gawan, Paes, Nuniz
Answer: Mahmud Gawan

 

Match Column A With B

Answer: 1. B, 2. D, 3. E, 4. C, 5. A

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Answer In Brief

Question 1. When did the Delhi Sultans require the recommendation of the Caliphs?
Answer: Sometimes, the Sultans of Delhi needed recognition of kingship from the Caliph to gain acceptance. This was particularly true if one ascended the throne by removing the rightful heir.

Also, in the face of repeated revolts, legitimacy was required by a Sultan to gain acceptance and support from his subjects and run the empire smoothly.

Question 2. What were the three main problems faced by Sultan Iltutmish?
Answer: Several persons refused to accept Iltutmish as the Sultan of Delhi because he was the son-in-law of Qutbuddin Aibak. Secondly, many nobles and courtiers openly revolted against him while others secretly conspired against him.

Thirdly, Nasiruddin Qubacha, the ruler of Sindh occupied Lahore and a part of Punjab. At the same time, Tajuddin Yaldoz, the ruler of Ghazni, put in a claim for supreme suzerainty over North India.

Question 3. Who were the supporters of Sultan Razia? Who were her rivals?
Answer: Sultan Razia was supported by the army, part of the nobility and the common folk of Delhi.

Since her ascent to the throne of Delhi, Turkish nobles opposed Razia as she ignored them and favoured non-Turkish nobles. The Rajputs also opposed Razia.

Question 4. How did Alauddin Khilji combat the Mongol aggression?
Answer: Steps taken by Alauddin Khilji to combat the Mongol aggression are

1. Fortification:

During the reign of Sultan Alauddin Khilji Delhi was attacked by the Mongols twice in 1299/1300 and 1302-03. He fortified the capital city of Delhi to protect it from Mongol attacks.

2. Renovation:

He repaired old, dilapidated forts and built new ones.

3. Improvement of the army:

He built up a huge, well-equipped and well-trained army and constructed a military garrison known as Siri. He introduced the rationing system and market-control policy.

He fixed the prices of commodities and also ensured that proper quantities were given to the consumers. He also raised the rate of taxes in the Doab in order to maintain the army and to pay the salaries of his soldiers.

4. Execution of new Muslims:

He even cruelly beheaded nearly thirty thousand new Muslims, who had revolted against the Sultan.

Question 5. Describe the cultural life of Bengal during the time of the Ilyash Shahi and Hussain Shahi dynasties.
Answer:

The cultural life of Bengal during the time of the Ilyash Shahi and Hussain Shahi dynasties

1. Hindu-Muslim Unity:

The Ilyas Shahi and Hussain Shahi rule in Bengal emphasised Hindu-Muslim unity and impartial administration.

2. Literature:

There was a great flowering of literature during this period. Krittibas authored a version of the ‘Ramayana’, Ibrahim Qayum Faruki wrote the ‘Safar Nama’ and Brihaspati Misra wrote the ‘Pada-Chandrika’.

Bipradas Pipilai wrote the Manasa Mangal. Some notable works are the Bengali translations of ‘Srimadbhagvat’, ‘Bidagdha Madhava’ and ‘Lalita Madhava’ by Rup Goswami.

3. Architecture:

Architecture also made great headway. Some specimens of the grand architecture of the times are the Adina Mosque of Pandua, Chhoto Sona Masjid and Baro Sona Masjid.

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Answer In Detail

Question 1. Describe the southern expedition of Alauddin Khilji after map 4.2.
Answer:

Alauddin Khilji was the first Sultan of Delhi, who organised expeditions to the south. The given map provides a vivid idea of the military expeditions of Alauddin Khilji.

Southern expedition of Alauddin Khilji

The capital of Alauddin’s empire was Delhi. The given map clearly points out that Alauddin’s army organised several expeditions over the course of time.

Alauddin’s army started their expedition in 1299 from Delhi to Gujarat, then Ranthambore in 1301, Debgiri via Kara in 1302-1303 and reached Warangal from Kara and Bengal. The army also organised an expedition to Chittor from Delhi in 1303.

His army reached Devagiri via Mandu and Delhi in 1305. In around 1302, his army organised an expedition to Dwar Samudra. This expedition continued till 1311.

On the other hand, the army was divided into two groups in 1311 and one of the groups conducted an expedition to Warangal from Devagiri. In the same year, the other group of the army conducted an expedition to further South and went to Tanjore via Madurai.

Conclusion:

Alauddin Khilji was indeed the first Sultan who expanded his empire up to the South and gave it a dominant position in all over India.

 

 

Question 2. What was the relationship between the Delhi Sultans and their nobles?
Answer:

Relations between Sultans and nobles

1. The nobles, divided into Khans, Maliks and Amirs were of aristocratic origin and had to be loyal to the Sultan, as they were subjected to his absolute control.
2. Sometimes, the relationship between the king and the nobles was not cordial. Sultan Razia ascended the throne of Delhi with the help of some nobles but was removed by other disgruntled nobles. Balban and Alauddin Khilji ruthlessly crushed the power of nobles by the introduction of Paibos and Sijda and the abolition of ‘the circle of forty’ in order to establish an absolute monarchy.
3. There was an administrative relationship between the Sultan and the nobles, who were appointed as military commanders, provincial governors, and high officials.
4. The Sultans also had family relations with the nobles. Their families inter-married and turned into in-laws.
5. Some Sultans had friendly, cordial relations with their nobles. Bahlul Lodi of the Lodi dynasty shared royal power with the other Afghan Chiefs.

Question 3. What is lqta? Why did the Sultans introduce the Iqta system?
Answer:

Iqta

The Iqtas were the territorial land units into which the Delhi Sultanate was divided.

They were administered by military commanders and nobles who collected land revenue in their respective areas, maintained troops, and were sometimes awarded Iqtas for their bravery or achievements.

Causes behind the introduction of the Iqta system

1. Collection of revenue: It was necessary to collect land revenue from far-flung territories of the Sultanate.
2. Maintenance of the army: The Iqtadar had to maintain troops on the revenues generated from the Iqta. These troops served the Sultan in times of war.
3. Substitute of salary: In lieu of salary, the military commanders received Iqtas.
4. Maintenance of law and order: Iqtadars were also required to maintain law and order in their Iqtas.
5. Preservation of tradition: In the 11th century, the Iqta system was prevalent in the Seljuk Turkish Empire. In India, the Turkish Sultans of Delhi upheld that tradition.

Question 4. What is your opinion about the market regulations of Delhi in the reign of Alauddin Khilji?
Answer:

Alauddin Khilji’s market-control policy was highly scientific and practical and was the need of the hour.

Causes behind market control policy

1. Maintenance of the army:

The vast empire of the Sultan was dependent on the strength of the army. It was necessary to see that the soldiers subsisted on their meager wages and so the Sultan fixed the prices of the items of daily use.

2. Rationing system:

The Sultan introduced the rationing system to combat famines which thankfully did not occur, during his reign.

3. Farsightedness:

The Sultan was far-sighted and practical enough to compile a list of prices of various articles for the proper implementation of the market control policy. He arranged for strict vigilance and severe punishment for corrupt traders and merchants.

4. Consequences:

Advantage:

The common people got an advantage due to the stability of prices as hoarding and inflation were prevented.

Disadvantage:

The peasants, artisans, and traders suffered due to lack of profits.

Question 5. Would you call the strife between Vijaynagar and the Sultani kingdoms a religious one? Give arguments.
Answer:

The rulers of Vijaynagar were Hindus Sultans. However, while the Deccan states were ruled by Muslim Sultans. However, the ferocious contest between them can in no way be called a religious war.

Nature of war

1. Control over land:

The contest was primarily over the control of fertile, river-fed tracts of land like Raichur Doab, the territory along the tributaries of rivers Krishna and Godavari, and the commercially important Marathwada region. Thus it was a political and economic contest.

2. Self-interest:

The two kingdoms fought with each other for political, economic, commercial, and military reasons.

3. Control over trade:

The Krishna-Godavari Delta had many ports, which encouraged internal and external water-borne trade. Vijaynagar and the Bahmani States both wanted to control them.

4. Possession over wealth:

Agriculture flourished which lead to the accumulation of huge wealth in the territory between rivers Krishna and the Tungabhadra and the Krishna-Godavari Delta. There were incessant wars to control these regions.

5. Domination over Deccan:

Both Vijaynagar and the Bahmani kingdoms wanted to occupy large tracts of the Deccan and the far South. The Bahmani Sultans tried to conquer territories as far as Madurai but were resisted by the rulers of Vijaynagar.

Question 6. What would be your experience if you had to visit a market of Delhi during the reign of Alauddin Khilji?
Answer:

Suppose, I am an honorable citizen of Delhi, during the rule of Alauddin Khilji. My name is Isha Khan. One day I visited a market of Delhi and got a hands-on experience about Alauddin’s market-control policy.

First of all, Alauddin set up four kinds of markets. They are, ‘mandi’ or the market of an agro product; Sehra-i-Adal or the textile market including daily commodities; central market and the market of the slaves and beasts.

Markets were controlled by two officers like Diwan-i-riyasat and Sahana-i-mandi. As the Sultan had to maintain a huge army with limited resources of the kingdom, so the soldiers were paid low salaries.

He regulated the market in the interest of the army at the expense of the peasants, artisans, and merchants. They remained aggrieved.

Question 7. Suppose you are an official in the Court of Alauddin Hussain Shah. If you had to write a book on the religious condition of the age, what would you write in the book?
Answer:

I am Sadakrishna Roy. I am an official in the court of Alauddin Hussain Shah.

If I had to write a book on the religious condition of Hussain Shahi’s rule of Bengal, I would have written in the book that Hindu- Muslim unity and religious toleration are two characteristics of the period.

The Hussain Shahi rulers were secular in their outlook. They appointed local non-Muslims to high offices. Rup and Sanatan Goswami were private secretaries of the Sultan.

Brahmanism, Vaishnavism, and Shaivism were the principal religious sects of the period. But the worship of popular gods and goddesses like ‘Dharma Thakur’, ‘Manasha’, ‘Chandi’ etc. were also introduced.

Sri Chaitanya preached the message of love for God to Hindus and Muslims alike and thus brought the two communities closer to each other. The Hindus and Muslims jointly performed the worship of Satyapir, Ola Bibi, and Sitala.

All these helped to strengthen the bond of unity between the Hindus and Muslims.

Question 8. Suppose you have come from Portugal on a visit to Vijaynagar. What would you write in a letter to a friend of your country after seeing the condition of the people out here?

Vijaynagar
12.10.1443

Dear Dominique,

I have come on a visit to Vijaynagar of India. My first impression about the city is that it is as big as Rome. It is very beautiful to look at. There are many beautiful orchards. A number of canals of clear water flow through the city.

There are large tanks. A palm grove and fruit trees are found close to the royal palace. The population of the city is high. So many people and elephants stroll through the roads and lanes that it is difficult for the soldiers and cavalry to pass through.

The city is fabulously rich. I am just struck with wonder at the sight of the vast wealth of the city. The trade and commerce of Vijaynagar is in a flourishing state.

The wealth of Vijaynagar is concentrated in the hands of the nobles. They live a life of luxury. But the common people are over-taxed. Their standard of living is low. Things are plenty and cheap.

Yet life is a burden to the poor who even eat rats and cats. The prosperity of Vijaynagar is confined within the urban area. The peasantry is the victim of exploitation and neglect.

That is all for today. Take love.

Friendly yours
Alvarez

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Short Answer Questions

Question 1. Find out some other names of women administrators. If you feel it necessary, ask the seniors of your family or your teachers.
Answer:

Some other names of women administrators:

Razia Sultan was the first and last woman who sat on the throne of Delhi. But this was the history of medieval India. Later, some other names of women administrators are also available.

They are, for example, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka; Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India; Sheikh Hasina, the present Prime Minister of Bangladesh, etc.

Question 2. Think and say, how could the North and South India be ruled simultaneously by a Sultan?
Answer:

The real head of the administration of the Delhi Sultanate was the Sultan himself. All the powers of governance, the army, law, and the judiciary were in the hands of the Sultan.

But a single individual could not look after all administrative responsibilities. So the Sultan appointed ministers and officials. But all the employees had to be loyal to the Sultan. His order was the final word.

In this way, the Sultanate administration was developed with the Sultan at the center. Only a centralized administration could make it possible.

Question 3. Which activity of Muhammad bin Tughlaq do you think was correct?
Answer:

The Sultan was secular in outlook. He was the first among Delhi Sultans to make a sincere attempt at introducing a secular administration.

Question 4. Do you think the Sultan made any mistakes? If so, what are they?
Answer:

Yes, I think the Sultan made some mistakes.

They were

1. The Sultan increased the rate of taxation in Doab at a time when the Doab was in the grip of a severe famine.
2. He transferred his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. But if the Sultan shifted only the government departments with the employees attached to them, the change would have been quite reasonable. The shifting of the entire population was not necessary.
3. The Sultan issued a token currency in copper coins in imitation of the Chinese token currency. But he took no precautionary measures against forgery.

Question 5. If you were to establish a capital in that period, which region would you select and what steps would you have taken?
Answer:

I would have shifted the capital from Delhi to Deulatabad but not with the entire population. Rather I would have shifted only the government departments with the employees attached to them. Therefore, the change would have been quite reasonable.

Question 6. If coins were counterfeited what problems would arise?
Answer:

If the coins were counterfeited, they. would begin to circulate in large numbers, and trade and commerce would come to a standstill.

Question 7. Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruled about 700 years ago. Even after such a long time what do we learn from his deeds?
Answer:

Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruled about 700 years ago.

The lesson that we learn from his deeds is that an administrator must be a realistic personality. He must not impose his own project or plan on the people against their will. The Sultan went against the people.

Question 8. What weapons are used in picture 4.2?
Answer:

Weapons used in the given picture are a cannon, sword, bow and arrow, knife, etc.

Question 9. Would it be proper to call the conflict between Vijaynagar and the Sultanate States of Deccan a religious clash of the Hindu and Muslim rulers?
Answer:

There was a long-drawn war between Vijaynagar and other states of the southern Sultanate, especially the Bahmani Kingdom. Later, when the Bahmani Kingdom broke down, five independent principalities took birth.

They were

Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Berar, Golkonda and Bidar. Vijaynagar had a prolonged war with these five states too. The establishment of political, military, commercial, and financial power was the principal issue of this continuous war. Thus this war cannot be mentioned as a religious war.

Question 10. Do you think a traveler’s account of a foreign country is fully acceptable? Give your reasons for and against it.
Answer:

Foreign accounts are not always acceptable. Sometimes their descriptions are exaggerated. Very often they merely reproduce market rumors. Their descriptions are inconsistent from time to time and bear no stamp of authenticity.

They have little knowledge of the local language. Travelers are not always eyewitnesses of historical events. Still, they throw interesting light on the political, social, and economic condition of the country.

If their accounts are tallied with the others and found correct, they may be accepted. If the scripts of the accounts are deciphered properly, they may be believable.

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Formative

Excerpt from the text:

The administrative system of Alauddin Khilji was completely dependent on military power. He organized a huge army and fixed the salary of soldiers. He also fixed the prices of all daily commodities. During his reign, there were big markets in Delhi.

Food, horses, cloth, etc. were sold there. The Shahna-e Mandi and the Diwan-i Riyasat looked after the markets. Severe punishment was given to offenders for demanding in excess of the fixed price or cheating the buyer in weight.

Alauddin introduced a ration system. The people were provided grain and daily necessities by the Sultan when required.

Questions related to the above text are given below for formative evaluation.

 

Interpretation And Application

Question 1. Why did Alauddin control the market price?
Answer: Alauddin controlled the market price so that the subjects may purchase their essential commodities at a reasonable rate and weight.

Question 2. Do you think, you may have to face difficulties if the market price is not controlled? What are those difficulties?
Answer: If the market price is not controlled, the seller will increase the price of the commodities at their own will.

As a result, the common people will suffer the most. If they cannot purchase their daily necessities at a reasonable rate, they will be bound to buy commodities of low quality.

So the standard of their life will decline on the one hand and they will be perturbed on the other. Therefore, a sense of desertion will generate in their mind. Moreover, the equilibrium of society may get ruined.

After going through the questions above, students will be able to reach a conclusion of their own and will form their own experiences. Therefore, their ability for explanation and application will grow.

 

Empathy And Cooperation

Nowadays, different kinds of foodstuffs are available in the market. But as the price is always on the rise, common people suffer a lot.

Question 1. Is the government making any effort to control the price of the food commodities?
Answer: Yes.

Question 2. State what are steps the government has taken to lower the price.
Answer:  The government has taken up different steps to control the market price.

For example,

1. The local municipalities and their employees and the members of the gram-panchayats inspect the markets regularly and keep watch so that the price may not increase.
2. Not only that, the government is also conscious of the fact that there is no undue transaction in the market.
3. (The government is also trying to help the farmers so that they get a fair price.

After going through the above questions, students will realize the importance of studying history and its relation with the current situation. As a result, a sense of social cooperation and empathy will grow in their mind.

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Chronology

 

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1. In the Delhi Sultanate, the total number of dynasties ruled

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Five

Answer: 4. Five

Question 2. The last king of the Delhi Sultanate was

1. Khizr Khan
2. Sikandar Lodi
3. Bahlul Lodi
4. Ibrahim Lodi

Answer: 4. Ibrahim Lodi

Question 3. Iltutmish avoided the attacks of the

1. Mongol
2. Turks
3. Afghans
4. Habsis

Answer: 1. Mongol

 

State Whether The Following Statements Are True Of False

Question 1. Razia was the daughter of Iltutmish.
Answer: False

Question 2. Ibn Batuta wrote Al Rihala.
Answer: True

Question 3. Babur was defeated in the first Battle of Panipat.
Answer: False

 

Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Topic D Miscellaneous Write In A Complete Sentence

Question 1. Who introduced Jizya?
Answer: Alauddin Khilji introduced Jizya

Question 2. Who transferred the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?
Answer: Muhammad bin Tughlaq transferred his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad.

 

Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Alauddin belonged to the ___________ (Khilji/Tughlaq/Lodi) dynasty.
Answer:  Khilji

Question 2. Alauddin introduced ___________ (economic/political/social) reforms.
Answer: Economic

 

Answer The Following Questions

Question 1. What was Daag?
Answer:

Daag:

It was the imperial mark, branded on the flanks of horses, to prevent the stealing of imperial war horses. This system was introduced by Sultan Alauddin Khilji.

Question 2. Describe the relations between the Caliphs and the Sultans of Delhi.

Answer:

The relations between the Caliphs and the Sultans of Delhi:

The relationship between the Caliphs and the Sultans of Delhi was purely ceremonial. The Sultans obtained the robe of legitimacy from the Caliphs to consolidate their control over the subjects and to enhance the power and prestige of the State.

So, they sent costly gifts and tributes to the Caliphs. On the other hand, some Sultans refused to accept the suzerainty of the Caliphs.

Question 3. Write a short note of Jizya.
Answer:

Jizya:

Jizya was the tax imposed on non-Islamic subjects by their Islamic rulers in an Islamic kingdom.

Jizya tax

1. Introduction in India: It was imposed for the first time in India at Sindh, in the 8th century, by the Arab Commander, Muhammad bin Qasim.
2. Individual tax per person: The tax was imposed on individual subjects.
3. Protection: Protection to life, property, and rights of the non-Muslim people was given in lieu of this tax.
4. Alauddin Khilji: Alauddin Khilji charged both Kharaj and Jizya from the non-Muslims to reduce their financial and political influence.
5. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq: He imposed Jizya in such a way that non-Muslims would neither be impoverished nor become powerful or rebellious.
6. Firoz Shah Tughlaq: He was the first Sultan to impose Jizya on the Brahmins.
7. Exemption from Jizya: Brahmins, women, minors, and slaves were exempted from Jizya along with the blind, ascetics, and mentally retarded.

Although Jizya was the means by which the Sultans enhanced the treasury, yet it was highly oppressive for the Hindus.