WBBSE Chapter 2 Some Aspects Of The Indian Political History Topic C Islam And India Long Question And Answers
Question 1. What do you know about the life and career of Hazrat Muhammad?
Answer:
Hazrat Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam.
Life and career of Hazrat Muhammad
1. Early life:
Most of his early life was spent as a merchant.
2. Foundation of Islam:
At the age of 40 he began to have revelations from Allah, which became the basis for the Quran and the foundations of Islam. By 630 AD he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion.
3. Battle of Medina:
The miracles of Muhammad’s life was, no doubt his revelations and his popularity seemed as threatening to the people in power in Mecca. Muhammad took his followers on a journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD.
The journey is called the Hijra. Hijra means ‘migration’. The event was seen as so important for Islam that 622 AD is the year in which the Islamic calender begins.
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4. Death:
Muhammad died on 8th June, 632 AD, at the age of 62.
Question 2. What do you know about the Arab conquest of Sind?
Answer:
The Arabs had trade contacts with India for a long time. Arab merchants used to come to the western coasts of India even before they embraced Islam. This contact continued even after the spread of Islam.
The Arab conquest of Sind
1. Aims:
Since 636 AD, Arabs had another goal—annexing parts of India. But their efforts were repulsed. After some unsuccessful attacks on Kabul, they at last succeeded in conquering Makran of Baluchistan in 643 AD.
2. War With Dahir:
At that time Dahir, a Brahmin king ruled Sind. In the year 712 AD, the Arab general, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sind, in north-west India and then Multan in the following year.
3. End:
Towards the end of the 9th century, the Arabian expedition to India came to an end.
Question 3. Write about Caliph and Caliphate (Khilafat).
Answer:
Caliph and Caliphate
1. Meaning of ‘Caliph’:
A ‘caliph’ is a political and religious leader of Islam who claims succession from Muhammad. The word derives from the Arabic. Khalifa means ‘successor’.
2. Meaning Of Caliphate:
The territory under the political and religious leader i.e. Caliph (Khalifa) is ‘Caliphate’.
3. Selection of the first Caliph:
After the death of Hazrat Muhammad, a problem that arose was who would lead the Islamic polity after him. The urgent need for a successor to Muhammad as political leader of the Muslim Community was met by a group of Muslim elders in Medina, who designated Abu Bakr, the prophet’s father- in-law as Caliph.
Question 4. Give an account of the Muslim arrival in India.
Answer:
Muslim arrival in India:
In the 6th century AD, Arabs were divided into various tribes and sub-tribes, kept fighting with each other. At that time Hazrat Muhammad appeared and brought the strife-torn Arabs under one religious umbrella.
Conceptual Questions on Religious Syncretism in India
Muslim arrival in India
1. Conquest Of Sind:
Since 636 AD Arabs had another goal—annexing parts of India. Their efforts paid off when in 712 AD the Arab general Muhammad-bin-Qasim conquered Sind in north-west India.
2. Invasion Of Turks:
The Turkish ruler of Ghazni in the north-west frontier of India, Sultan Mahmud invaded India 17 times from 1001 and 1027 AD.
3. Battles Of Tarain:
Muhammad Ghori was the third Muslim ruler who invaded India. He fought two successive battles of Tarain in 1191 and 1192 AD.
4. Delhi Sultanate:
One of the companions of Muhammad Ghori, Qutbuddin Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate. His general Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji spread Muslim rule in eastern India by capturing Bihar and West Bengal.
Question 5. Write about the philanthropic activities of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.
Answer:
Sultan Mahmud was the Sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty.
Philanthropic activities of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni
1. Patronage:
Mahmud himself was a poet of some reputation and a profound scholar. He took part in the religious and literary discussions of the scholars at his court.
His patronage was enjoyed by many Muslim scholars and poets like Albiruni, Firdausi, Ansari, Farukhi and others. He invited scholars and collected literary works from all parts of the Muslim world. He also founded a university at Ghazni.
2. Works:
Mahmud made his capital Ghazni, a magnificent city. Apart from partronising literature, he established colleges, laid out gardens, built mosques and palaces.
Question 6. Trace the Turkish invasion of Bengal 1 as told by Minhaj-i-Siraj in Tabqat-i-Nasiri.
Answer:
Turkish invasion of Bengal as told by Minhaj-i-Siraj
- Many comtemporary historians of the medieval India enjoyed royal patronage. Minhaj-i-Siraj was one of them.
- The Tabqat-i-Nasiri of Minhaj-i-Siraj is the only literary source for the Khilji rebellion in Bengal against the Delhi Sultan.
- According to Siraj, in 1199 AD Bakhtiyar Khilji attacked Bihar, plundered wealth and destroyed Odantapuri Vihar. In 1201 AD he left behind his army and in disguise of a Turkish horse dealer marched to Nadia, with only 17 or 18 horsemen.
- Taken aback by the sudden attack, Lakshmanasena, the last ruler of the Sena dynasty, fled by the backdoor to Bikrampur in East Bengal. Lakshmanasena lived and ruled there till death.
Question 7. Why did Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni invade India?
Answer:
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India for the following reasons
Possession Of enormous wealth:
Contemporary Hindu temples contained huge quantity of treasure. Sultan Mahmud plundered golden idols of Hindu gods and goddesses, crores of golden coins and ornaments.
Propagation Of Islam:
Sultan Mahmud took an oath of spreading Islam while accepting his title from the Khalifa.
Maintenance of army:
He also wanted to set up an empire in Central Asia and aimed to build up a vest army with the help of this wealth.
Understanding Islam’s Influence on Indian Culture
WBBSE Chapter 2 Some Aspects Of The Indian Political History Topic C Islam And India Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Who are Bedouins?
Answer:
Bedouins:
Bedouin is a population of nomadic Arabs who have historically inhabited the desert region in North Africa, the Arabian peninsula, upper Mesopotamia and the Levant.
They are desert-dwelling, live in tents and move with their herds of camels across vast areas of arid land in search of grazing areas. Typical Bedouin food includes bread, rice, dates, yoghurt, milk and meat from their . animals.
Question 2. Why Mecca became the bone of contention among the strifing Arbs?
Answer:
Mecca became the bone of contention among the strifing Arbs:
Under the Quraysh, Mecca became a type of city-state, with strong commercial links to the rest of Arabia, Ethiopia and Europe. It became a place for trade, pilgrimage and tribal gatherings.
The city’s religious importance too greatly increased after the birth of Muhammad supposedly in the 6th Century AD. As Mecca was situated at the crossroad of two trade routes, Arabs in Central Asia were divided into several factions and kept fighting.
Question 3. What is Hijra?
Answer:
Hijra:
On September 24, 622 AD, prophet Muhammad completes his ‘Hijara’, or ‘flight’ from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. In Medina, Muhammad set about building the followers of his religion Islam, into an organised community and Arabian power.
This migration the beginning of the Islamic calender also known as Hijri calender.
Question 4. What was the impact of the Arab conquest of Sind?
Answer:
The impact of the Arab conquest of Sind:
The Arab conquest of Sind left no permanent impact on India. The Arabs could not follow up their success in Sind by further conquests.
The only impact was that some people were converted to Islam, but Arab rule in Sind had little effect on language, literature, art administration and society.
Question 5. Howe stablished the authority in India?
Answer:
Stablished the authority in India:
Muhammad Ghori was the real founder of the Muslim domination in India. He fought two successive battles of Tarain in 1191 and 1192 with Prithviraj Chauhan III of Delhi and Ajmer.
In the first battle, Ghori lost the game and in the second one Prithviraj was defeated and killed. Next, Ghori returned to Ghazni leaving the Indian campaign to his trusted slave Qutbuddin Aibak, who captured Delhi.
Bakhtiyar Khilji, a trusted lieutenant of him, conquered Bihar and Bengal. Thus Muslim domination was extended over a vast area of North India.
Short Answers on Key Figures in Indian Islam
Question 7. Describe the invasion of India by Muhammad Ghori.
Answer:
The invasion of India by Muhammad Ghori:
Muhammad Ghori commenced his invasion of India by conquering Multan and Uchh in 1175. But, he was defeated by the Rajput ruler, Prithviraj Chauhan or Prithviraj III in the First Battle of Tarain (1191).
However, in 1192 he defeated Prithviraj III in the Second Battle of Tarain. His trusted aide, Qutbuddin Aibak, conquered Meerut, Delhi, Ranathambhore, Gujarat and Bundelkhand.
Question 8. How did the Turks conquer Nadia?
Answer:
Turks conquer Nadia:
The Sena ruler Lakshmansena had stationed soldiers to the north of the Rajmahal hills to resist the Turkish invaders. But the Turks divided themselves into small groups, avoided the usual routes, crossed dense forests and thus entered Bengal.
When Lakshmansena heard that they had entered the unguarded capital city, he fled away to East Bengal.
Question 9. What is Hazar-ul Aswad?
Answer:
Hazar-ul Aswad: There is a sacred abode in the centre of Masjid-i Haram in Mecca called Kaba. In the corner of Kaba, there is a black squared stone. This stone is known as Hazar-ul Aswad.
Question 10. When and between whom did the second battle of Tarain take place?
Answer:
The second battle of Tarain take place:
The second battle of Tarain took place in 1192 AD. This battle took place between the Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan III and the ruler of Ghur Muhammad Ghori.
Question 11. What is the Hijri calender?
Answer:
The Hijri calender:
The Islamic calender, also known as the Hijri, is a lunar calender consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and proper time for the ‘Haj’.
Question 12. What is Holy Quran?
Answer:
Holy Quran:
The Holy Quran is the holy book or the scriptures of the Muslims. It is a compilation of the verbal revelations given to prophet Muhammad.
It lays down for Muslim the law and commandments, codes for their social and moral behaviour. It contains a comprehensive religious philosophy.
Question 13. Mention the geographical boundary of Arabian peninsula.
Answer:
The geographical boundary of the Arabian peninsula:
The Arabian peninsula is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and south-west, the Gulf of Aden on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south and south-east and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf on the east.
WBBSE Chapter 2 Some Aspects Of The Indian Political History Topic C Islam And India Very Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Where does the Arabian Peninsula lie?
Answer: Beyond the Arabian Sea and on the western side of India the Arabian Peninsula lie.
Question 2. Why the Arabian Peninsula is so dry?
Answer: The Arabian Peninsula is so dry because rainfall is very scanty here.
Question 3. What is the food of the Bedouins?
Answer: Dates and camel milk are the staple food of the Bedouins.
Question 4. When did the Arabs take up trade as their means of livelihood?
Answer: In the beginning of the 6th century AD Arabs took up trade as their means of livelihood.
Question 5. What was the profession of Muhammad?
Answer: By profession Muhammad was a merchant.
Question 6. When Muhammad was born?
Answer: Muhammad was born in 570 AD.
Question 7. When did the Prophet Muhammad received his revelation?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad received his revelation in 610 AD.
Question 8. Who are known as Muslims?
Answer: The followers of Islam are known as Muslims.
Question 9. When did Muhammad go to Medina?
Answer: Muhammad went to Medina In 622 AD.
Question 10. When was the Hijri calender introduced?
Answer: After the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, Hijri calender was introduced.
Question 11. When did Muhammad pass away?
Answer: Muhammad passed away in 632 AD.
Question 12. Who is Caliph?
Answer: The chief Muslim political and religious ruler is called Caliph.
Question 13. When did the Arab conquest of Sind take place?
Answer: The Arab conquest of Sind took place in 712 AD.
Question 14. Who led the Arab conquest of Sind?
Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim led the Arab conquest of Sind.
Question 15. When had the Islam’s interaction with India begun?
Answer: Around 7th and 8th century the Islam’s interaction with India had begun.
Question 16. Who came to invade India after the Arabs?
Answer: Turks came to invade India after the Arabs.
Question 17. Name the two Turkish invaders.
Answer: Sultan Mahmud and Muhammad Ghori were two Turkish invaders.
Question 18. What were their different motives?
Answer: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni aimed to plunder and Muhammad Ghori aimed to rule.
Question 19. When did the Islamic new year begin?
Answer: In 622 AD, the Islamic new year began.
Question 20. When did the Turkish invasions take place in India?
Answer: Around 11th and 12th century, the Turkish invasions took place in India.
Question 21. Which was the most important invasion of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
Answer: Plundering the Somnath temple was the most important conquest of Sultan Mahmud.
Question 22. Who was Firdausi?
Answer: Firdausi was” the court poet of Sultan Mahmud.
Question 23. Who was Al Biruni?
Answer: Al Biruni was a courtier of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni and a versatile genius.
Question 24. What was the name of the book written by Al Biruni?
Answer: The name of the book written by Al Biruni was Kitab al-Hind.
Question 25. Who led the Turkish invasion of Bengal?
Answer: Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad Bakhtiar Khilji led the Turkish invasion of Bengal.
Question 26. From where can we know about the Turkish invasion of Bengal?
Answer: We can know about the Turkish invasion of Bengal from Tabqat-i-Nasiri.
Question 27. Who was the ruler of Bengal during Turkish invasion?
Answer: Lakshmanasena was the ruler of Bengal during Turkish invasion.
Question 28. Where did Lakshmanasena shift his capital from Nabadwip?
Answer: Lakshamansena shifted his capital from Nabadwip to Dhaka, Bikrampur or Lakshmanavati.
Question 29. When did the phase of the Turkish invasion of Bengal come to an end?
Answer: With the onset of 13th century the phase of Turkish invasion of Bengal came to an end.
Question 30. When did Bakhtiyar Khilji expire?
Answer: Bakhtiyar Khilji expired in 1206 AD.
Question 31. When did the Turks invade Bengal?
Answer: The Turks invaded Bengal towards the end of 1204 AD or early 1205 AD.
WBBSE Fill In The Blanks By Selecting The Appropriate Expressions From The Brackets
Question 1. The two principal cities of the Arabian Peninsula are ________ and _______ (Tigri, Euphrates/Mecca, Medina/Mosul, Constantinople.
Answer: Mecca, Medina
Question 2. The nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula are called ________ (Hazrats / Saxons / Bedouins).
Answer: Bedouins
Question 3. In the 7th century, a new religion in the Arabian peninsula emerged, which is called ________(Islam/Judaism/Christianity).
Answer: Islam
Question 4. The followers of Islam are ________ (Islamists / Muslims/Ummahs).
Answer: Muslims
Question 5. In ________ (620/621/622) AD Muhammad went to Medina.
Answer: 622
Question 6. Muhammad died in ________(631/632/633).
Answer: 632
Class 7 History Solution WBBSE
Question 7. Sind was conquered by ________ (Mahmud Ghazni / Muhammad Ghori / Muhammad bin Qasim).
Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim
Question 8. Sultan Mahmud was the ruler of ________(Persia/Ghazni/Ferghani).
Answer: Ghazni
Question 9. Kitab al-Hind was written by ________ (lltutmish/AI Beruni/lbn Battuta).
Answer: AI Beruni
Question 10. Firdausi wrote________ (Baburnama / Hamzanama / Shahnama).
Answer: Shahnama
Question 11. Sultan Mahmud raided India ________(17 /18 /19) times.
Answer: 17
Question 12. Tabqat-i-Nasiri was written by ________ (Abul Fazi / Minhaj-i-Sivaj / Amir Khusrow).
Answer: Minhaj-i-Sivaj
Question 13. After Mecca the centre of Khilafat was ________(Constantinople / Medina / Baghdad).
Answer: Baghdad
WBBSE Chapter 2 Some Aspects Of The Indian Political History Topic C Islam And India True Or False
Question 1. Beyond the Arabian Sea, on the eastern side of India lies the Arabian Peninsula.
Answer: False
Question 2. At the beginning of the 6th century AD some Arabs took up agriculture.
Answer: False
Question 3. Hazrat Muhammad migrated from Medina and Mecca.
Answer: False
Question 4. Hazrat Muhammad was a merchant.
Answer: True
Question 5. Hazrat Muhammad was born in 630 AD.
Answer: False
Question 6. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph.
Answer: True
Question 7. Osman was called prophet of Allah.
Answer: False
Question 8. Islamic calender is called Hijri Calender.
Answer: True
Question 9. The migration from Mecca to Medina is called Hijra.
Answer: True
Question 10. In 632 AD Hazrat Muhammad passed away.
Answer: True
Question 11. After Hazrat Muhammad Osman became the Caliph.
Answer: False
Question 12. Caliph was the political and religious leader of the Islamic world.
Answer: True
Question 13. In 714 AD the Arab Muslims came under the leadership of Muhammad bin Qasim.
Answer: False
Question 14. Towards the end of the 10th century the Arabs stopped their expedition in India.
Answer: False
Question 15. Trukish invasion of Bengal was led by Bakhtiyar Khilji.
Answer: True
Question 16. One of the Turkish invaders of India was Sultan Mahmud.
Answer: True
Question 17. Tabqat-i-Nasiri was written by Jiyauddin Barni.
Answer: False