Chapter 6 Rock Synopsis
- A mineral is a naturally-occurring inorganic substance that consists of one or more elements to form a rock.
- Rock are naturally formed aggregates made up of one or more minerals. In other words, all components that made up the Earth’s solid crust are called rocks.
- For millions of years, various natural forces have acted on the rocks. As a result disintegrated finer particles are formed. These are called regolith.
- This regolith mixes with organic matter (formed by the decomposition of dead plants and animals) and forms a thin and soft layer, which is conducive to plant growth, on the Earth’s crust. This layer is called soil.
- Volcanic eruptions of magma accumulate on the Earth’s surface or beneath the Earth’s surface and then gradually cool down and harden to form igneous rocks.
- The igneous rocks get disintegrated by the action of different natural agents and are subsequently deposited in layers on the sea bed.
- With the passage of time, after being subjected to high pressure and temperature, these layers of sediments undergo solidification to form hard rocks called sedimentary rocks.
- Under high temperatures and great pressure, a pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rock may change into a new form which is of rock called metamorphic rock. These rocks are hard and resistant to erosion.
- The soil that contains a high amount of sand and is not suitable for agriculture is called sandy soil. The soil that contains an equal amount of sand and silt and a little amount of clay and is ideal for agriculture is known as loamy soil.
- The soil that has a high amount of clay particles and has high water-holding capacity is known as clayey soil.
- For millions of years, various physical, chemical and organic processes have acted on the rocks thereby disintegrating them into smaller fragments.
- These fragments after that formed a loose, unconsolidated layer on the Earth’s surface called regolith. Soil is actually formed from regolith.
WBBSE Solutions For Class 7 Geography
Chapter 6 Topic A Rock Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. State the differences between rocks and minerals.
Answer:
Differences between rocks and minerals:
The differences between rocks and minerals are as follows-
Question 2. What is meant by a rock? Describe the various types of rocks.
Answer:
Rock:
A rock can be defined as a naturally formed solid aggregate of one on more minerals present in varying proportions. In other words, all components that make up the Earth’s solid crust are called rocks.
Classification of rocks:
Based on origin, rocks can be classified into three types. They are as follows-
1. Igneous rock:
Igneous rock is formed by the cooling and solidification of hot molten lava or magma that comes out on the Earth’s surface or remains within the Earth’s interior due to volcanic activity.
Igneous rocks are the first-formed rocks on the Earth’s surface and are also known as primary rocks.
Example: Granite and basalt.
2. Sedimentary rock:
Sedimentary rocks are formed when igneous rocks get weathered and eroded by different natural agents (such as rivers, wind, glaciers, and ocean waves). Erosion leads to the formation of small pebbles, cobbles and sand particles.
These smaller rock fragments are then transported by natural agents like rivers and wind are then deposited in layers under the sea as well as in other locations.
These layers of sediments under the sea get hardened and compacted over time to form hard rocks called sedimentary rocks.
Examples: Sandstone, mudstone, limestone.
3. Metamorphic rock:
Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing igneous and ‘sedimentary rocks change into hard, crystalline rocks due to the effects of temperature and pressure of overlying materials. This process is known as metamorphism.
Example: Marble from limestone and phyllite from slate.
Question 3. Make a comparative study of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
A comparative study of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks:
A comparative study of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock is tabulated below-
Question 4. Explain the importance of rocks in human life.
Answer:
Importance of rocks in human life:
The importance of rocks in the life of man can be classified into two groups-
1. Direct importance:
- Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are obtained from the layers of sedimentary rocks.
- Valuable minerals like gold, silver, and copper are found in igneous rocks.
- Granite, basalt, etc. are used in the construction of roads.
- Limestone is used in cement and steel industries.
- Sandstone or claystone is used in the construction of buildings.
2. Indirect importance:
- Weathering of rocks like granite, gneiss, etc. forms red soil.
- Weathering of rocks like basalt forms black soil or regur.
- The permeable or impermeable nature of rocks determines its water-holding capacity.
Chapter 6 Rock Short Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. What are igneous rocks?
Answer:
Igneous rocks :
Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of hot molten lava or magma that comes out on the Earth’s surface or remains beneath it due to volcanic activity.
The term ‘igneous’ comes from the Latin word ‘ignis’ meaning fire. For example, the two most important igneous rocks are granite and basalt. Igneous rocks are the first formed rocks on the Earth’s surface and are also known as primary rocks.
Question 2. Describe the origin of igneous rocks.
Answer:
The origin of igneous rocks:
In the beginning, when the Earth was formed, it was just a glowing ball of gas. Gradually, it cooled down and its molten, volatile surface solidified.
Then in later geologic periods, hot molten materials came out through volcanic openings or cracks and faults, cooled and then solidified to form igneous rocks.
Since igneous rocks are the first formed rocks on the surface, they are also known as primary rocks.
Question 3. What are the uses of igneous rocks?
Answer:
The uses of igneous rocks are-
- Igneous rocks are very hard and are thus, used in the construction of buildings and roads.
- Metallic minerals (For example, iron, copper, silver, gold, etc) are found in igneous rocks.
- Regur soil is formed by weathering of basalt and is very useful for agriculture.
- Ancient temples and monuments in India were constructed with granite such as, in certain temples at Rameswaram and Tiruchirapalli of south India.
Question 4. What are the characteristics of igneous rocks?
Answer:
The characteristics of igneous rocks are-
- Igneous rocks are compact and massive.
- Igneous rocks do not have layers or strata and are also called unstratified rocks.
- They may possess metallic minerals.
- These rocks are hard and so they do not erode easily.
- They do not contain fossils.
- These rocks are non-porous as water cannot percolate.
- Igneous rocks are also called primary rocks.
- On polishing, these rocks appear smooth and glossy.
Question 5. Why are fossils not found in igneous rocks?
Answer:
Fossils are not found in igneous rocks because of the following reasons-
- Igneous rocks were formed at such a time when living organisms did not exist on Earth.
- If any organism or organic matter would have existed, then it would have got crushed under the heat, leaving behind no impressions during the cooling and solidification of magma to form igneous rocks.
Question 6. What are sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
Sedimentary rocks:
Igneous rocks get disintegrated into small pebbles, cobbles and sand particles by the action of different natural agents such as rain, running water, wind, glacier, etc.
These fragments of rocks and sediments are then transported by glaciers, rivers, streams, winds, etc. and are subsequently deposited in layers under the sea.
With time, after being subjected to high temperatures and great pressure, these layers of sediments get hardened and compacted to form sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, mudstone, and limestone.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of sediment layers over a long period of time and so fossils or impressions of dead organisms are found in these rocks.
Examples of sedimentary rocks are sandstone, claystone, and limestone.
Question 7. What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
The characteristics of sedimentary rocks are as follows-
- Sedimentary rocks are formed in strata or layers. So they are also called stratified rocks.
- As they are soft and light, sedimentary rocks are prone to erosional activities.
- Sedimentary rocks are porous.
- Fossils are found in this type of rock.
- Fossil fuels such as mineral oil, coal, and natural gas are found in sedimentary rocks.
Question 8. What are the uses of sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
The uses of sedimentary rocks are-
- Fuels like coal, mineral oil and natural gas are found in sedimentary rocks.
- Sedimentary rocks like limestone and dolomite are used in the iron and steel industry, the cement industry and the construction of houses.
- Mudstone is used in idol-making.
- Sedimentary rocks being porous, act as an important source of groundwater.
Question 9. What are metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks:
The word ‘metamorphism’ comes from the Greek word ‘meta’ meaning ‘change’. Under high temperatures and pressure of overlying materials, a pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rock may change into a hard new rock which is called metamorphic rock.
Their original character and appearance get altered due to various processes-thus changing their intrinsic properties like colour and hardness.
Sometimes, a metamorphic rock may change into a completely new form with a new mineral composition, such as, gneiss from granite (igneous rock), marble from limestone (sedimentary rock), phyllite from slate (metamorphic rock), etc.
Question 10. Write the different characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
The different characteristics of metamorphic rocks are as follows-
- Metamorphic rocks being hard and heavy are resistant to erosion.
- Metamorphic rocks are non-stratified.
- The fossils present in sedimentary rocks get destroyed due to heat and pressure. So, fossils are absent in metamorphic rocks.
- Metamorphic rocks are the last to form on the Earth’s surface.
Question 11. What are the uses of metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
The uses of metamorphic rocks are-
- Valuable minerals like iron, copper, gold, silver, mica, and manganese, are found in metamorphic rocks.
- As metamorphic. rocks erode slowly, they can be used for a variety of purposes. For example-Slate is used for writing. It is also used for making floors and roofs of houses.
- Marble, which is a metamorphic rock, is used for making palaces, monuments, houses, temples, etc.
- Gneiss is used in the construction of bridges and dams.
Question 12. Write a brief note on the Rock cycle.
Answer:
Rock cycle:
Magma solidifies to form igneous rocks which get disintegrated and decomposed by physical and chemical weathering.
These materials are then transported by various external agents such as rivers, glaciers and winds and are deposited in layers on the land surface or sea floor forming sedimentary rocks.
These in turn, gets metamorphosed when subjected to high temperature and pressure, forming metamorphic rocks.
Similarly, igneous rocks may transform into metamorphic rocks, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks into igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks into sedimentary rocks. This transformation of one rock to another over time is called the Rock cycle.
Question 13. What are fossils and how are they formed?
Answer:
Fossils:
Fossils are preserved remains or traces of plants, animals and other organisms from the remote past. The geological age of rocks may be determined with the help of fossils.
Formation of fossils:
As living organisms die, its framework settles on the sea floor or land surface and is buried by sediments. With time, this sediment subjected to high pressure and temperature solidifies.
The buried framework dissolves forming a mould. Water rich in minerals enter the mould and fill the cavity, leaving behind a cast, similar to the original framework, known as a fossil.
Example:
Fossils or impressions of plants and animals are found in the layers of sedimentary rocks in the Himalayan region.
Question 14. Why are fossils are found in sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks:
The process of formation of sedimentary rocks is highly responsible for the presence of fossils in its layers.
When layers of sediments accumulated on the sea floor or land surface are subjected to high temperature and pressure, the plant and animal remains buried within dissolve or undergo cementation and solidification leaving behind casts or traces.
This is the reason fossils are found in sedimentary rocks. For example, numerous fossils have been found in the Himalayas as it is formed of sedimentary rocks.
Question 15. What is the economic importance of rocks?
Answer:
1. Direct importance:
- Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are obtained from the layers of sedimentary rocks.
- Valuable minerals like gold, silver, and copper are found in igneous rocks.
- Granite, basalt, etc. are used in the construction of roads.
- Limestone is used in the cement and steel industries.
- Sandstone or claystone is used in the construction of buildings.
Chapter 6 Topic A Rock Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. What type of rocks are the sharp-edged stones found on a railway track?
Answer:
The sharp-edged stones found on a railway track:
The sharp-edged, dark grey stones found on railway tracks are actually basalt rock. Basalt is an igneous rock. So, when basaltic rocks are cut by machines, they generally attain sharp edges.
These stones are used to bear the load of the railway lines, keep the railway lines in place, help in drainage and prevent the growth of weeds on the railway tracks.
Question 2. What is a mineral?
Answer:
Mineral:
A mineral is a naturally-occurring inorganic substance that consists of one or more elements to form a rock.
Question 3. What is a rock?
Answer:
Rock:
All components that make up the Earth’s solid crust are called rocks. A rock may be defined as a naturally formed solid aggregate of one or more minerals present in varying proportions.
The term ‘rock’ not only refers to hard materials like granite but also includes loose and smaller particles like sand, pebbles, etc.
Question 4. Rocks are actually naturally formed aggregates of one or more minerals. Can you name some minerals which are commonly used in our daily life?
Answer:
Rocks are actually naturally formed aggregates of one or more minerals.
Some minerals which are commonly used in our daily life are salt, rock salt, baking soda, alum and pencil lead.
Question 5. How do rocks form on the Earth’s surface?
Answer:
Rocks form on the Earth’s surface:
The first rock to originate on the Earth’s surface is igneous rock, also known as primary rock. Magma comes out on the Earth’s surface through volcanic vents or fissures. It cools and solidifies to form igneous rock.
Sedimentary rocks form from igneous rocks whereas metamorphic rocks originate from both igneous and sedimentary rocks.
Question 6. How can you classify rocks?
Answer:
Classification Of rocks:
All components that make up the Earth’s solid crust are called rocks.
According to the origin, rocks can be classified into three types-
- Igneous rocks,
- Sedimentary rocks and
- Metamorphic Rocks.
Question 7. Why are metallic minerals commonly found in igneous rocks?
Answer:
Metallic minerals commonly found in igneous rocks:
Valuable minerals like gold, silver, iron, copper etc. are found in the magma of the Earth’s interior. Since igneous rocks are formed from this magma, they are rich in metallic minerals.
Question 8. Write a short note on granite.
Answer:
Granite:
Granite is an igneous rock formed deep inside the Earth. Hot, molten magma from the Earth’s interior cools and solidifies over time to form granite. Since it is formed in the deep interior of the Earth, it is also called plutonic rock.
In the absence of air, rate of cooling is very slow in the Earth’s interior, thus forming large crystals. Granite can be red, pink or white in colour. The mineral constituents of granite are quartz, feldspar and mica.
Question 9. Briefly write about the rock basalt.
Answer:
Rock basalt:
Basalt is a type of igneous rock. Hot, molten, magma that comes out of the Earth’s interior through volcanoes cools rapidly and solidifies very fast to form fine crystals of basalt.
Basalt is black in colour and is very hard. The mineral constituents of basalt are pyroxene, iron, and olivine.
Question 10. Write a brief note on sandstone.
Answer:
Sandstone:
Sandstone is a type of sedimentary rock. Compaction and hardening of sand particles lead to the formation of this rock which can be found in several colours like white, brown, red, etc. Sand particles are of various shapes.
If the sandstone is formed of fine particles, then it is called siltstone while a sandstone made of large particles is called a conglomerate.
Question 11. What do you know about limestone?
Answer:
Limestone:
Limestone is a sedimentary rock made of marine organisms. Chemical reaction brings about the cementation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to form limestone.
Deposits of decomposed shells and skeletons of marine organisms form this sedimentary rock. The limestone is brownish in colour. It is composed of calcite, which is very soft by nature.
Question 12. Write a brief note on gneiss.
Answer:
Gneiss:
Gneiss is a type of metamorphic rock formed due to the metamorphism of granite. The rock particles are quite large in size and minerals are present in clear bands.
It is pink in colour. The mineral constituents of gneiss are quartz, mica, and feldspar.
Question 13. Write a short note on the slate.
Answer:
Slate:
Slate is a type of metamorphic rock. Great pressure metamorphoses mudstone, which is a sedimentary rock into slate. Its particles are very fine and smooth.
Slate is usually found in the form of smooth, flat sheets and is used to make roofs of houses. Slate is generally bluish-black in colour.
Question 14. Briefly mention the origin of different rocks.
Answer: The origin of rocks are given in the following table-
Question 15. What are the characteristics of sedimentary and igneous rock according to strength?
Answer:
The characteristics of sedimentary and igneous rock according to strength are as below-
Question 16. What are stratified rocks?
Answer:
Stratified rocks:
Rocks which have different layers or strata are called stratified rocks. Since sedimentary rocks have strata, they are also known as stratified rocks.
Question 17. What are unstratified rocks?
Answer:
Unstratified rocks:
Unstratified rocks are those which do not have any strata or layers in them. Igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks are called unstratified rocks because no strata or layers are found in these rocks.
Chapter 6 Topic A Rock Multiple Choice Questions Choose The Correct Option
Question 1. Which of the following is an important rock-forming mineral?
- Dolerite
- Quartz
- Conglomerate
Answer: 2. Quartz
Question 2. Stones laid on railway tracks are ________ rocks.
- Igneous
- Metamorphic
- Sedimentary
Answer: 1. Igneous
Question 3. Which of the following is a source of mineral oil?
- Sedimentary rock
- Igneous rock
- Metamorphic rock
Answer: 1. Sedimentary rock
Question 4. Baking soda and alum belong to which of the following category?
- Minerals
- Rocks
- Soil
Answer: 1. Minerals
Question 5. Layers or strata are found in-
- Sedimentary rocks
- Igneous rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
Answer: 1. Sedimentary rocks
Question 6. An example of primary rock is-
- Granite
- Sandstone
- Shale
Answer: 1. Granite
Question 7. An example of igneous rock is-
- Sandstone
- Basalt
- Quartzite
Answer: 2. Basalt
Question 8. Igneous rocks are also called-
- Stratified rocks
- Non-stratified rock
- Altered rocks
Answer: 2. Non-stratified rock
Question 9. What percentage of the Earth’s crust is composed of igneous rocks?
- 60%
- 80%
- 90%
Answer: 2. 80%
Question 10. Granite is metamorphosed into-
- Gneiss
- Marble
- Hornblende
Answer: 1. Gneiss
Question 11. Himalayas are formed of-
- Igneous rocks
- Sedimentary rocks
- Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Answer: 3. Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Question 12. Which of the following rocks are also called primary rocks?
- Igneous rocks
- Sedimentary rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
Answer: 1. Igneous rocks
Question 13. Granite is an example of-
- Igneous rock
- Metamorphic rock
- Sedimentary rock
Answer: 1. Igneous rocks
Question 14. Large deposits of granite are found in the-
- Himalayas
- Lava plateau of Maharashtra
- Chotanagpur Plateau of Jharkhand
Answer: 3. Chotanagpur Plateau of Jharkhand
Question 15. Due to the very high temperatures in the Earth’s interior, all materials are found in a-
- Gaseous state
- Viscous state
- Solid state
Answer: 2. Viscous state
Question 16. A sedimentary rock formed from dead organic matter is-
- Coal
- Gneiss
- Mudstone
Answer: 1. Coal
Question 17. Sandstone is metamorphosed into-
- Gneiss
- Quartzite
- Marble
Answer: 2. Quartzite
Question 18. The rock which is used for grinding spices is-
- Mudstone
- Limestone
- Sandstone
Answer: 3. Sandstone
Question 19. The conglomerate is an example of-
- Igneous rock
- Sedimentary rock
- Metamorphic rock
Answer: 2. Sedimentary rock
Question 20. An example of sedimentary rock is-
- Granite
- Slate
- Sandstone
Answer: 3. Sandstone
Question 21. Which of the following is an example of organic rock?
- Limestone
- Mudstone
- Sandstone
Answer: 1. Limestone
Question 22. Ancient monuments and palaces are made from-
- Igneous rocks
- Sedimentary rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
Answer: 2. Sedimentary rocks
Question 23. A sedimentary rock used to light fire is-
- Coal
- Clay
- Sandstone
Answer: 1. Coal
Question 24. A rock useful in the iron and steel industry is-
- Limestone
- Marble
- Basalt
Answer: 1. Limestone
Question 25. Formation of _____ rocks involves a tremendous amount of heat and pressure.
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
Answer: 3. Metamorphic
Question 26. The metamorphosed form of coal is-
- Graphite
- Slate
- Gneiss
Answer: 1. Graphite
Question 27. The metamorphosed form of gneiss is-
- Schist
- Phyllite
- Slate
Answer: 1. Schist
Question 28. Sculptures are made from-
- Marble
- Basalt
- Mudstone
Answer: 1. Marble
Question 29. The metamorphosed form of sandstone is-
- Quartzite
- Gneiss
- Slate
Answer: 1. Quartzite
Question 30. The metamorphosed form of gabbro is-
- Gneiss
- Serpentine
- Hornblende
Answer: 2. Serpentine
Question 31. The metamorphosed form of basalt is-
- Amphibolite
- Hornblende
- Gneiss
Answer: 1. Amphibolite
Question 32. Slate is metamorphosed into-
- Marble
- Phyllite
- Gneiss
Answer: 2. Phyllite
Question 33. Mudstone is metamorphosed into-
- Slate
- Marble
- Gneiss
Answer: 1. Slate
Question 34. Fossils are found in-
- Igneous rocks
- Sedimentary rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
Answer: 2. Sedimentary rocks
Chapter 6 Topic A Rock Very Short Answer Type Questions Fill In The Blanks
Question 1. Most of the Earth’s crust is composed of _________ minerals.
Answer: Silicate
Question 2. _________ is used in the construction of roads.
Answer: Basalt
Question 3. The Earth’s crust is composed of naturally- occurring substances called _________.
Answer: Rocks
Question 4. According to the origin, rocks can be classified into _________ types.
Answer: Three
Question 5. All rocks have their origin from _________ rocks.
Answer: Igneous
Question 6. Basalt is an example of _________ rock.
Answer: Igneous
Question 7. Granite is an example of _________ rock.
Answer: Igneous
Question 8. The western plateau of West Bengal is composed of _________ and _________.
Answer: Granite and gneiss
Question 9. The thin, outermost layer of the Earth on which we live is called _________.
Answer: Lithosphere
Question 10. Igneous rocks on the Earth’s surface have been weathered, _________ and broken into rock debris to form sand, pebbles and gravel.
Answer: Eroded
Question 11. An example of porous rock is _________.
Answer: Sandstone
Question 12. Chalk is an example of _________ rock.
Answer: Sedimentary
Question 13. Gneiss is an example of _________ rock.
Answer: Metamorphic
Question 14. The process by which rocks crumble and decay is known as _________.
Answer: Weathering
Question 15. Impressions of plants and animals embedded on sedimentary rocks are called _________.
Answer: Fossils
Write True Or False
Question 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment particles.
Answer: True
Question 2. Metamorphic rocks are formed under the influence of high temperature and pressure in the Earth’s interior.
Answer: True
Question 3. The first rock formed on the surface of the Earth is igneous rock.
Answer: True
Question 4. Metamorphic rocks are also known as stratified rocks.
Answer: False
Question 5 Minerals are not found within rocks.
Answer: False
Question 6. Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
Answer: True
Question 7. Strata cannot be found in igneous rocks.
Answer: False
Question 8. Sedimentary rocks are also called stratified rocks.
Answer: True
Question 9. Deccan Trap is made up of basalt.
Answer: True
Question 10. Porosity is an important characteristic of sedimentary rocks.
Answer: True
Question 11. Coal is an example of igneous rock.
Answer: False
Question 12. Sandstone is an example of stratified rock.
Answer: True
Question 13. Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are found in igneous rocks.
Answer: False
Question 14. The metamorphosed form of limestone is marble.
Answer: True
Question 15. Cooling and solidifying of magma in the Earth’s interior forms intrusive igneous rocks.
Answer: True
Question 16. Minerals are organic components.
Answer: False
Question 17. Augite is an example of a rock-forming mineral.
Answer: True
Question 18. Limestone is used in the pottery industry.
Answer: False
Find The Relation
Question 1. Limestone Sedimentary rock:: Marble: _________.
Answer: Metamorphic rock
Question 2. Igneous rock: Basalt:: Mudstone: _________
Answer: Sedimentary rock
Chapter 6 Topic A Rock Match The Columns
1.
Answers: 1. B, 2. C, 3. D, 4. E, 5. A
Answer In One Or Two Words
Question 1. What is actually a naturally formed aggregate of one or more minerals and is also an integral part of the lithosphere?
Answer: Rock.
Question 2. What is that naturally-occurring inorganic substance that consists of one or more elements to form a rock?
Answer: Mineral.
Question 3. Which rock, formed from cooled molten lava, was the first to be formed on the surface of the Earth?
Answer: Primary or Igneous rock.
Question 4. Which type of rock do we see right next to railway tracks?
Answer: Basalt.
Question 5. Which rocks do not have strata or layers?
Answer: Non-stratified rocks.
Question 6. What is another name for igneous rock?
Answer: Primary rock.
Question 7. What do we call the magma that reaches the Earth’s surface through a volcanic vent or fissure?
Answer: Lava.
Question 8. What is the term used to measure the void spaces in a rock structure?
Answer: Porosity.
Question 9. Name an igneous rock that is commonly used to construct roads.
Answer: Basalt.
Question 10. Which type of rock is formed by the solidification of lava?
Answer: Extrusive igneous rock.
Question 11. Which type of rock is formed by the solidification of magma?
Answer: Intrusive igneous rock.
Question 12. Which factors are responsible for the transformation of igneous and sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?
Answer: Great heat and pressure of overlying materials.
Question 13. Which type of rocks are soft and brittle?
Answer: Sedimentary rocks.
Question 14. Which rocks have strata or layers?
Answer: Stratified rocks or sedimentary rocks.
Question 15. Which rock is formed due to the deposition of silt and sediment carried down by rivers on their banks?
Answer: Sedimentary rock.
Question 16. Name the black rock on which we can write with chalk.
Answer: Slate.
Question 17. Which rock is used as a raw material in the cement industry?
Answer: Limestone.
Question 18. Which rock is formed when the pre-existing igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to very high temperatures and pressure?
Answer: Metamorphic rock.
Question 19. During the formation of which rock do the minerals arrange themselves in one direction making the extraction of minerals easy?
Answer: Metamorphic rock.
Question 20. Name a metamorphic rock that is commonly used to construct monuments.
Answer: Marble.
Question 21. What do we call the remains and impressions of plants and animals embedded in sedimentary rocks formed due to pressure from the overlying sediment layers?
Answer: Fossils.
Question 22. Which fossil fuel, found in sedimentary rock, has hydrocarbon as its main constituent?
Answer: Mineral oil or petroleum.
Question 23. Which black-coloured rock-used as fossil fuel-is formed from plant remains that have been pressurised for millions of years?
Answer: Coal.
Question 24. What is the process of transformation of rock from one form to the other known as?
Answer: Rock cycle.
Question 25. In which type of rock is a fossil fuel found?
Answer: Sedimentary rock.
Question 26. Which rock is formed due to the deposition of sediments in layers within the waterbodies?
Answer: Sedimentary rock.