WBBSE Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Analytical Questions

 

Question 1. What is Green Revolution? Or, What are the changes and impacts t associated with Green Revolution?
Answer:

Green Revolution:

The Green Revolution is a series of research and technological developments that were applied to agriculture and which then resulted in a significant increase in agricultural production. It began in India in the 1960s.

The type of changes and impacts associated with the Green Revolution are as follows—

1. Biochemical innovations: This involved a selection of hybrid seeds, the use of fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides.

Consequently, there was a drastic increase in the yield of crops. Pests and weeds were also under control.

2. Mechanical innovations: Irrigation facilities using electric and petrol pumps were introduced under the Green Revolution. Improved transportation was also brought into use.

As a consequence, access to water supply surpassed the sole dependence on rainfall, an extension of arable land was noticed, less labour was needed and there was increased access to markets.

3. Social innovations: With the Green Revolution, there was a huge enhancement in the distributive system, loan systems and also in land reforms. Farms were consolidated. Better quality seeds and other inputs were made available to farmers.

Question 2. What is the physical environment favourable for paddy cultivation Name four states which produce paddy
Answer:

Physical environment favourable for paddy cultivation:

Paddy is the main crop of the tropical climatic conditions suitable for cultivation of paddy in

India are as follows—

1. Climate: The two major elements of climate that affect paddy cultivation are temperature and rainfall.

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing paddy ranges from 22°C to 32°C. But paddy can also grow at temperatures ranging from 16°C-27°C.

Rainfall: Paddy is a thirsty crop. Abundant water is required for paddy to grow, but, at the same time, during the harvest, there should be bright sunshine. The average annual rainfall required for growing paddy ranges between 150 and cm-300 cm.

2. Soil: The best soil for growing paddy is loamy alluvial soil. The slope of the land should be such that during the growing season, there should be standing water on the field.

3. Irrigation: Paddy requires an ample amount of rainfall. In the absence of rainfall proper irrigation facilities should be maintained.

4. Labour: Paddy is a labour-intensive crop. Planting seeds, harvesting, and fertilising all require manual labour.

Cultivating states: West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh are four of the many paddy-growing states in India. West Bengal tops the list of growing paddy in India.

Question 3. What are the favourable climatic conditions for growing wheat in India? Name four states of India that produce wheat.
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of wheat in India are as follows—

Climate: The two major elements of climate that affect wheat cultivation are temperature, rainfall and frost-free days.

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing wheat ranges from 15°C to 20°C. Wheat is generally cultivated during winter in India.

Rainfall: The average rainfall required for growing wheat ranges from 50 cm to 100 cm.

Frost-free days: A minimum of 110 frost-free days are required for the successful cultivation of wheat.

Soil: The best soil for growing wheat is lime-rich loamy soil.

Landforms: Flat or rolling plain land with an improved drainage system is required for the cultivation of wheat.

Cultivating states: Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar and Punjab are the leading states in producing wheat in India.

Question 4. Discuss the favourable climatic conditions for cultivating millets (jowar, bajra and ragi) in India and name the millet-growing regions.
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of millets and the states growing millets in India are—

1. Jowar:

Climate: The average annual temperature required for growing jowar ranges from 27°C- 32°C and the average annual rainfall required for growing jowar ranges from 30 cm-100 cm.

Soil: Sandy soil and sandy-loamy soil.

Cultivating States: Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and others.

2. Bajra:

Climate: The average annual temperature required for growing bajra ranges from 25°C-28°C and the average annual rainfall required for growing bajra ranges from 40 cm-50 cm.

Soil: Sandy soil and sandy-loamy soil.

Cultivating States: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra and others.

3. Ragi:

Climate: The average annual temperature required for growing ragi ranges from 27°C-32°C and the average annual rainfall required for growing ragi ranges from 35 cm-60 cm.

Soil: Sandy soil and sandy-loamy soil.

Cultivating States: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar and others.

Question 5. Discuss the favourable climatic conditions and the regions for lentil cultivation.
Answer:

The climatic conditions suitable for the cultivation of lentils and the states growing lentils in India are as follows—

1. Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing lentils ranges from 20°C-30°C.

Rainfall: The annual average rainfall required for growing lentils ranges from 50 cm to 75 cm.

Soil: The best soils for growing lentils are loamy soil and black soil.

Cultivating states: Most states of India cultivate lentils, but Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and West Bengal are at the top of the list.

Question 6. Discuss the climatic conditions suitable for cultivating sugarcane in India and name the sugarcane-growing regions.
Answer:

The climatic conditions suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane and the states growing sugarcane in India are as follows—

Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing sugarcane ranges from 25°C to 30°C.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall required for growing sugarcane ranges from 100 cm to 150 cm.

Soil: The best soil for growing sugarcane is loamy soil rich in nitrogen and potash with an improved drainage system.

Cultivating states: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh top the list.

Question 7. Discuss the Favourable climate conditions for cultivating jute in India and name the jute-growing regions.
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of jute and the jute-growing states in India are as follows—

Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing jute ranges from 28°C to 36°C.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall required for growing jute ranges from 150 cm to 200 cm.

Soil: The best soils for growing jute are clayey alluvial soil and loamy soil.

Cultivating states: West Bengal, Bihar and Odisha top the list.

Question 8. Discuss the favourable climatic  Conditions for cultivating, cotton in India and name the cotton-growing
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of cotton and the states growing cotton in India are as follows—

Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing cotton ranges from 20°C to 35°C.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall required for growing cotton ranges from 50 cm to 100 cm.

Soil: The best soil for growing cotton is well-drained phosphate and lime-rich black soil.

Cultivating states: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Haryana are the major cotton-growing states.

Question 9. Discuss conditions for cultivating tea in India
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of tea and the states growing tea in India are as follows—

Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing tea ranges from 20°C to 30°C.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall required for growing tea ranges from 150 cm to 200 cm.

Soil: Humus-rich loamy soil with high water holding capacity on a slopy land is the best soil for growing tea.

Cultivating states: Assam, West Bengal, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu grow the most amount of tea that India produces.

Question 10. Discuss the favourable climatic conditions for cultivating coffee in India and name the coffee-growing regions.
Answer:

The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of coffee and the states growing coffee in India are as follows—

Climate:

Temperature: The average annual temperature required for growing coffee ranges from 18°C to 28°C.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall I required for growing coffee ranges from 150 cm to 200 cm.

Soil: The soil required for growing coffee should be rich in iron, potash, nitrogen and humus. Sloppy land with an improved drainage system also helps in coffee cultivation.

Cultivating states: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu contribute the most to the production of coffee in India.

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Short Analytical Questions

Question 1. What are the main features of Indian agriculture?
Answer:

The main characteristics of Indian agriculture are as follows—

Great dependence on monsoons and low to moderate availability of irrigation facilities throughout the country.

The fluctuations and inequality in crop production are dependent on climatic factors, soils and variations in physiography.

More dependence on food crops along with reliance on age-old agricultural practices.

Question 2. Write a short note on shifting cultivation.
Answer:

Shifting cultivation:

Shifting cultivation is a type of subsistence farming. Almost 85% of the cultivation that takes place in the northeastern states of India is of this type.

In shifting cultivation, the existing vegetation on land is cut and burnt down and then the stretch of land is cultivated for a few years unless the yield of the crop reduces, the fertility of the soil is exhausted and the field is affected by pests and weeds.

As the crop yield reduces, the land is deserted to allow it to regain its fertility.

The length of time for which the land is cultivated is always shorter than the length of time for which the land remains fallow.

Shifting cultivation is also known as Jhum cultivation and the people practising it are known as Jhumia.

Question 3. What are the harmful effects caused by jhum cultivation on the environment?
Answer:

The harmful effects caused by jhum cultivation on the environment are hereafter—

1. Clearing of forested lands leads to increased pollution.
2. Air pollution is caused by the burning down of forests.
3. An increase in soil erosion due to the absence of trees leads to sedimentation of the nearby rivers.
4. The ecological balance of the place is disturbed.
5. Various plant and animal species die because of the burning of forests. Many species even face extinction.

Question 4. What steps are taken to enhance the fertility of agricultural land?
Answer:

The steps taken to enhance the fertility of agricultural land are as follows—

1. Regular application of natural (cow dung) and artificial (urea and potash) fertilisers on agricultural land.
2. Improved agricultural practices such as multiple cropping should be encouraged.
3. Reduction in the use of excessive amounts of pesticides on the crops.
4. Reduction in the dependence on rainfall and more usage of irrigation facilities.
5. Use of HYV seeds of modern and mechanised agricultural implements.

Question 5. Which places in India are popular for paddy cultivation?
Answer:

Places in India are popular for paddy cultivation:

India has the largest paddy output in the world. West Bengal holds first place in paddy production.

Apart from this, paddy is cultivated along the entire eastern and western coastal plains, the Himalayan foothill regions and also the Gangetic Plain regions.

Bihar, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh etc are the other important rice-growing states of India.

Question 6. Which places in India are popular for wheat cultivation?
Answer:

The northern regions in India have always been prominent in the cultivation of wheat. They can be subdivided into the following-

Northern Hill Zone: Hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, Sikkim.

North-Western Plain Zone: Parts of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttarakhand, and Chandigarh.

North-Eastern Plain Zone: Parts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha and the north-eastern states.

Central Zone: Parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan

Peninsular Zone: Parts of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Southern Hill Zone: Parts of Tamil Nadu.

Question 7. Cotton, jute and tea are cash crops/ —Why?
Answer:

Cotton, jute and tea are cash crops:

Beautiful and fancy clothes made out of cotton and jute are mostly used for industrial purposes. Tea earns a huge amount of foreign currency.

Jute, cotton and tea along with the end-products made from them have great market value, not only in native markets but also abroad.

All these are important products for export and import. Thus cotton, jute and tea are known to be cash crops.

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Why is India known as an agro-based country?
Answer:

India known as an agro-based country:

A large section of the Indian population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. A prominent percentage of the national income is based on agriculture.

All developmental planning in India is done on the basis of the amount of productivity and the nature of agriculture.

In India, 54% of the land area is used for agriculture. Thus India is knowns as an agro-based country.

Question 2. Why Is irrigation necessary for agriculture?
Answer:

Irrigation necessary for agriculture:

The use of water is indispensable for agriculture. Before irrigation facilities were available, agriculture was absolutely dependent on rainfall.

Rainfall, being a natural phenomenon, is sometimes irregular. So canal, well and tank irrigation were brought into use.

The crops receive a timely and adequate amount of water through irrigation. For instance, in winter, wheat needs a lot of water and this is supplied through irrigation.

Question 3. What is meant by food crop?
Answer:

Food crop:

Crops that are cultivated mainly for human consumption are known as food crops. The common food crops in India are rice, wheat, millet, maize, etc.

Question 4. What is meant by cash crop?
Answer:

Cash crop:

Crops that are grown for their commercial value rather than for consumption are known as cash crops. The common cash crops in India are jute, sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds.

Question 5. What is meant by rabi crop?
Answer:

Rabi crop:

The word ‘rabi’ comes from the Arabic word for spring. Rabi crops also known as winter crops – are sown in winter and harvested in spring. The common rabi crops are wheat, gram and mustard.

Question 6. Mention the sowing and harvesting seasons of rabi crops.
Answer:

The sowing and harvesting seasons of rabi crops

Rabi crops are also known as winter crops. They are sown in the months of October- November and harvested in the months of March-April.

Question 7. What is meant by the Kharif crop?
Answer:

Kharif crop:

The word ‘kharif’ comes from the Arabic word for autumn. Kharif crops also known as monsoon crops are sown with the advent of monsoon in south-eastern Asia.

They are harvested in autumn that is, around October. The common kharif crops are rice, millet and maize.

Question 8. Mention the sowing and harvesting seasons for Kharif crops.
Answer:

The sowing and harvesting seasons for Kharif crops:

Kharif crops are also known as monsoon crops. They are sown in the months of June-July and harvested in the months of September- October.

Question 9. What is meant by zaid crop?
Answer:

zaid crop:

The crops that are sown in February/ March and harvested in May/June are known as zaid crops.

These crops are grown in the time period between Kharif and rabbi crops. For example, vegetables of the cucurbit family (pointed gourd, bottle gourd, cucumber, etc.)

Question 10. Name the types of crops grown in India. Give examples.
Answer:

The types of crops grown in India are—

Food crops: paddy, wheat, millet

Vegetable crops: potato, brinjal, narwhal

Beverage crops: tea, coffee

Fibrous crops: cotton, jute

Other crops: lentils, oil seeds, rubber.

Question 11. What is meant by terrace cultivation? Or, What is meant by step cultivation?
Answer:

Terrace cultivation:

The method of cultivation that involves growing crops on a graduated terrace or step-cut surfaces, built along a hill slope is known as terrace cultivation or step cultivation.

This type of cultivation reduces soil erosion and surface run-off but is labour-intensive. It is an environment-friendly way of cultivation.

Question 12. Which soil is best for cotton cultivation?
Answer:

Cotton grows best in silty and clayey soils- both of which contain sand.

In India, the highest concentration of cotton cultivation is seen in the Deccan Plateau region which is overlaid by black soil, popularly known as black cotton soil.

This soil is black in colour due to the presence of compounds of iron and aluminium and organic matter content.

Question 13. What is meant by subsistence farming?
Answer:

Subsistence farming:

Subsistence farming, also known as self-sufficiency farming, is mainly done to maintain the needs of the farmer and his family. Very little or no surplus exists for trading purposes.

This type of farming is done with barely any modern equipment and it includes both crop yielding and raising of animals.

The yield per unit of land is high and is mainly practised in countries with high population density.

Question 14. What is meant by extensive farming?
Answer:

Extensive farming:

Extensive farming is carried out in places with sparse populations, especially in countries with a lower density of population.

This type of farming involves less capital and labour as compared to the area being farmed but involves extensive use of technology.

Both crop cultivation and animal rearing can be done under extensive farming and the yield per unit of land is low.

Question 15. Why is jute called the ‘golden fibre’?
Answer:

Golden fibre:

Jute is a fibre crop. This is the only natural fibre that bears an original golden colour.

Thus un-dyed jute can be used for making several fancy products that are sold in the market at high prices.

So, the natural golden colour and high market price earned jute the name of the ‘golden fibre’.

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The people in India are involved with agriculture.

1. 50%
2. 65%
3. 90%

Answer: 2. 65%

Question 2. Is an example of a Kharif crop.

1. Jute
2. Mustard
3. Potato

Answer: 1. Jute

Question 3. This crop is an example of a rabi crop—

1. Jute
2. Mustard
3. Paddy

Answer: 2. Mustard

Question 4. This is an example of a fibrous crop—

1. Potato
2. Cotton
3. Millet

Answer: 2. Cotton

Question 5. This crop is said to be the ‘golden fibre’—

1. Jute
2. Paddy
3. Cotton

Answer: 1. Jute

Question 6. The highest producer of paddy in West Bengal is—

1. Hooghly
2. South 24 Parganas
3. Burdwan

Answer: 3. Burdwan

Question 7. The green revolution resulted in a big change in the yield of—

1. Paddy
2. Wheat
3. Jute

Answer: 2. Wheat

Question 8. The green revolution happened in the decade of—

1. 1960S
2. 1980S
3. 1950S

Answer: 1. the 1960S

Question 9. India’s premier Institute of wheat research is located in—

1. Pusa, Delhi
2. Cuttack, Odisha
3. Karnai, Haryana

Answer: 3. Karnai, Haryana

Question 10. Millets are a kind of grass.

1. Large-seeded
2. Small-seeded
3. Medium-seeded

Answer: 2. Small-seeded

Question 11. The highest producer of jute in India is—

1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. Assam

Answer: 1. West Bengal

Question 12. This state is known to be the ‘rice bowl of India’—

1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Karnataka
3. Tamil Nadu

Answer: 1. Andhra Pradesh

Question 13. Is most famous for its flavoured tea.

1. Darjeeling
2. Assam
3. Nilgiri

Answer: 1. Darjeeling

Question 14. The highest producer of wheat in India is—

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Punjab
3. Haryana

Answer: 1. Uttar Pradesh

Question 15. Is a high-yielding variety of wheat seed.

1. Sonalika
2. Ratna
3. Kasturi

Answer: 1. Sonalika

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Sugarcane is a_____________ crop.
Answer: Cash

Question 2. Apart from tea,_____________ is also an example of a beverage crop.
Answer: Coffee

Question 3. _____________involves clearing the existing forest cover and burning it down before cropping.
Answer: Jhum Cultivation

Question 4. _____________ are used to control pests from damaging agricultural crops.
Answer: Pesticides

Question 5. _____________ are used to enhance the productivity of agricultural lands.
Answer: Fertilisers

Question 6. _____________ is required during the dry seasons to enhance crop production.
Answer: Irrigation

Question 7. _____________is known as the ‘Staple food of India’
Answer: Rice

Question 8. The success of the ‘Green Revolution in India has escalated the production of _____________
Answer: Wheat

Question 9. The southern state of_____________ is the highest producer of coffee in India
Answer: Karnataka

Question 10. The Central Institute for Cotton Research is located in _____________
Answer: Nagpur

Question 11. _____________ Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres is situated in Barrackpore, West Bengal is a premier institute to study
Answer: Jute

Question 12. _____________ soil is best for the cultivation of paddy.
Answer: Alluvial

Question 13. _____________ is the ‘Rice bowl of West Bengal’.
Answer: Burdwan

Question 14. _____________ and are the kinds of coffee that are cultivated more in India
Answer: Arabica, Robusta.

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Write True Or False

Question 1. Jowar is known as ‘kolam’ in Tamil.
Answer: True

Question 2. The Green Revolution took place during the first 5-year plan.
Answer: False

Question 3. India is the highest producer of jute in the world.
Answer: True

Question 4. Regur soil is the best for the cultivation of jute in India.
Answer: False

Question 5. Gujarat ranks first in the production of cotton in India.
Answer: True

Question 6. Tamil Nadu grows the highest density of sugarcane per hectare in India.
Answer: True

Question 7. Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres is in Bangalore, Karnataka.
Answer: False

Question 8. Coconut belongs to the palm family.
Answer: True

Question 9. Andhra Pradesh ranks first in the production of groundnut in India.
Answer: False

Question 10. Karnataka accounts for the highest contribution to coffee production in India.
Answer: True

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Match The Columns

 

Answer: 1-E, 2-G,3-B,4-F, 5-D,6-C,7-A

 

Chapter 10 Our Country India Topic G Agriculture Of India Answer In Or Two Words

Question 1. What are the crops that are sown in winter and harvested in spring known as?
Answer: Rabi crops.

Question 2. Which crop is cultivated with the onset of monsoon?
Answer: Kharif crop.

Question 3. Which region in India is famous for Jhum Cultivation?
Answer: The hilly regions of north-eastern India.

Question 4. Name the season in which orange grows the best.
Answer: Winter.

Question 5. Name the coarsest millet.
Answer: Ragi.

Question 6. What type of crop is millet?
Answer: Cereal crop.

Question 7. Which state ranks first in the production of sugarcane in India?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh.

Question 8. Which crop grows best on hill slopes?
Answer: Tea.

Question 9. Which state ranks first in the production of paddy in India?
Answer: West Bengal.

Question 10. Name the wind that influences the agriculture of our country the most.
Answer: Monsoon winds.

Question 11. Which season is mostly associated with the cultivation of wheat?
Answer: Winter.

Question 12. Which soil is best for cotton cultivation?
Answer: Phosphate and lime-rich Black soil.

Question 13. Which soil is best for paddy cultivation?
Answer: Loamy alluvial soil.

Question 14. Which soil is best for wheat cultivation?
Answer: Lime-rich loamy soil.

Question 15. Which climate is best for paddy cultivation?
Answer: Monsoon.

Question 16. Name the alternative beverage crop for tea.
Answer: Coffee.

Question 17. Name a winter vegetable.
Answer: Cauliflower.