Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. Discuss the seasonal characteristics of the climate of India. Or, Discuss the cycle of seasons in India. Or, Discuss how the monsoon winds influence the climate of India.
Answer: Temperature, rainfall, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, and other such factors determine the categorization of the four seasons in India.
These seasons are characterized as described below: Summer (March to May)
Sunrays fall directly over most parts of the country, so the average temperature is high during this time.
Many places in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal experience temperatures higher than 40°C. In the deserts of Rajasthan, the temperature rises above 48°C.
Waterbodies in many places are dry The temperature in coastal regions and hilly regions remains up due to the extreme heat. Moderate.
During the days, hot dry wind known as ‘Loo’ often blows over the northern and north-western parts of the country. Monsoon June to September)
The low-pressure areas created over northwest India in the summer causes moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds to rush in from over the surrounding waterbodies from June to September.
The southwest monsoon winds have two branches. The Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
This wind causes heavy to moderate rainfall during this entire period in most parts of the country.
Retreating monsoon (October to November) During this period, the sun starts its apparent southward movement. The Indian landmass starts receiving more oblique rays from the sun.
The temperature of the landmass starts decreasing. Also, southwest monsoon winds start retreating from India.
These retreating winds collect moisture from the Bay of Bengal and cause rainfall on the Coromandel Coast. Sometimes, storms occur in West Bengal-this is known locally as Aashwiner Jhor.
In Winter (December to February) India receives oblique rays of the sun and so, the temperature is low and the atmospheric pressure is high.
Cool, dry winds blow over India from the north-eastern direction. Sometimes, the Western Disturbances cause rainfall in northwest India. Snowfall occurs in mountainous and hilly regions.
Question 2 Write the differences between the onset of monsoon and the retreat of monsoon.
Answer: The differences between the onset and retreat of monsoon are as follows-
Question 3. Describe your favorite season.
Answer: My favorite season is autumn
Time of the season: India experiences autumn during the months of October and November.
Climatic characteristics of the season: The average temperature of this season ranges from 25°C- 30°C and the average rainfall is around 100 cm or more.
Cyclones known as ‘Aashwiner Jhor’ are frequent in this season. The skies remain clear with cotton-like clouds floating by during the daytime.
While dew drops are common during nighttime. The early morning hours are foggy at times.
Seasonal crops: Paddy is harvested in this season and several other vegetables are also grown around this time.
Festivals of the season: Durga Puja, Kali Puja, Diwali, and Lakshmi Puja are some of the important festivals that are celebrated in this season.
Lifestyle during this season: The festive spirit all around during this time induces happiness and uplifts people’s mood.
Question 4. Discuss how the monsoon winds influence life in India.
Answer: The monsoon winds affect and influence almost every aspect of life in India.
Some of these are as follows:
1. Agriculture: Agriculture in India is largely dependent on monsoon winds. The cultivation of paddy, wheat, jute, sugarcane, and tea is completely dependent on rainfall.
2. Agro-industries: Tea, jute, and sugarcane are all agricultural products that serve as raw materials for agro-based industries like tea, jute, sugar, etc. Since the production of these crops is dependent on monsoon winds, by extension, these industries are also dependent on monsoon winds.
3. Economic development: Since India is an agriculture-based economy the economic welfare of India is dependent on monsoon winds.
When the country receives adequate rainfall, economic progress is witnessed because production is higher.
Conversely, when rainfall is inadequate or excessive – causing crop failure or damage to crops, the economy suffers.
4. Forests: Rainfall, temperature, humidity, soil and the slope of the land are all factors that influence the growth of forest land in various parts of the country.
This is why areas with heavy rainfall have evergreen forests and those with less rainfall have deciduous vegetation or scrubland.
Forestry-based industries like timber, paper, and so on are dependent on these forests.
5. Foreign exchange earnings: The export of tea, jute, textiles, and sugar are all foreign exchange earners for India. Production of these crops is completely dependent on monsoon winds.
6. Hydro-electricity: The water required for hydroelectric power generation is acquired from the rivers which are dependent on the monsoon.
During monsoon, the volume of water in the rivers increases rapidly which helps to generate hydroelectricity.
7. Festivals: Many festivals like the Onam in Kerala, and Bihu in Assam are celebrated during the monsoons.
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Short Analytical Type Questions
Question 1. What are the special characteristics of India’s climate?
Answer: The special characteristics of India’s climate are as follows:
1. Season change: India experiences four distinct seasons-summer, monsoon, retreating monsoon, and winter.
2. Wet summers and dry winters: In India, monsoon winds cause heavy rainfall during summers, but winters are dry. But, northwest India and the Coromandel Coast do receive some rainfall in winter as well.
3. Reversal in wind direction: In India, the wind direction in summer (southwest monsoon winds blowing from sea to land) sees a complete reversal in winter (northeast monsoon winds blowing from land to sea).
Question 2 Discuss how the Himalayas influence the climate of India.
Answer: The massive mountain range of the Himalayas that stand on the northern borders of India like a fortress, influences our country’s climate to a great extent.
This happens in the following ways:
1. Prevents severe winters: The Himalayas prevent the extremely cold winds blowing southward from Siberia, from entering India.
2. Helps in rainfall: When the moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds hit the Himalayas, they shed moisture at the foothills and on their way up the slopes.
3. Restricts the influence of Western Disturbance: Due to the presence of the Himalayas, the Western Disturbance that occurs in winter is restricted to northwest India. This winter rainfall in the northwest is good for certain crops.
Question 3. Why is the average temperature in the southern part of the Tropic of Cancer usually more? Or, Why is the average temperature in the southern part of India always higher?
Answer: The Tropic of Cancer runs almost through the middle of India – this the area that is to the south of the Tropic of Cancer or southern India lies in the torrid zone.
The torrid zone receives vertical rays of the sun almost throughout the year. This is why the temperature remains high over here throughout the year. Generally, this region experiences an average temperature of about 27°C.
Question 4. In which district of West Bengal do you reside? Is it hot or cold for the major part of the year in your village or city? At which time of the year do you use the umbrella, raincoat, sweater, jacket, or muffler?
Answer: I live in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal.
It is hot here for the major part of the year. I use raincoats and umbrellas during the months of June-September. Sweaters, jackets, and mufflers are used in the months of December- February.
Question 5. Why does the temperature drop with an increase in the elevation of land?
Answer: We know that the temperature starts decreasing with an increase in elevation or altitude. Every 1000-meter rise in elevation lowers the temperature by 6.5°C.
This is why Shimla is colder than Delhi. The reasons for the drop in temperature with the rise in altitude are as follows The sun’s rays first heat up the surface of the earth, which then radiates heat into the atmosphere.
This is why the lower layers of the atmosphere are the hottest. As we move up, the atmosphere receives less heat from the surface of the earth and thus is cooler.
The lower layers of the atmosphere are denser than the upper layers. This means that the air of the upper layers absorbs less amount and remains cooler than a lower layer of air.
The places closer to the earth’s surface experience more atmospheric pressure and are hence warmer.
The upper layers of the atmosphere have fewer water droplets, dust particles, and other impurities which absorb and retain heat. So the upper layers are cooler.
Question 6. Do you like the summer months? Why? Write it down.
Answer: Yes, I do like summers. Summer is the season of my favorite fruits such as Mango, Litchi, Jackfruit, etc.
Flowers such as tuberose, jasmine, and gardenia all bloom during this time. Thus, summer is my favorite season.
Question 7. What are monsoon winds? What are the special characteristics of monsoon winds?
Answer: The word monsoon has come from the Arabic word ‘Mausam’ meaning season. This means that the winds that are generated when seasons change are called monsoon winds.
Special characteristics of monsoon winds are as follows-
Since monsoon winds blow from the southwest, in summer they collect a lot of moisture from the surrounding waterbodies and hence, cause rainfall over the Indian landmass.
In winter, monsoon winds blow in the opposite direction to that in which it blows in summer, i.e. from the land towards the sea and thus these winds are dry Only the Coromondal coast receives rainfall from the monsoon winds in winter.
Rainfall is not regular, it is intermittent and erratic. The amount of rainfall received decreases from east to west. The amount of rainfall received all over the country is also not equal.
Thus there are floods and droughts. Indian agriculture and economy are highly dependent on the monsoon winds.
Question 8. Describe the southwest monsoon wind.
Answer: The wind that causes rain in India in summer is known as the southwest monsoon.
Origin: In summer (May-June), a low-pressure area forms in north-western India due to a sharp rise in temperature.
On the other hand, a high-pressure area forms over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea due to relatively low temperatures.
As a result, moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds rush toward the Indian sub-continent from those water bodies.
Branch: South-west monsoon winds are divided into two branches-Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
The branch coming from the Arabian Sea gets obstructed in the Western Ghats and causes heavy rainfall on the west coast of India.
The branch coming from the Bay of Bengal gets obstructed in the Meghalaya Khasi, and Jayantia hills and causes heavy rainfall in eastern India.
Temperature, rainfall, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, and other factors determine the categorization of the four seasons in India.
These seasons are characterized as described below: Summer (March to May)
Sunrays fall directly over most parts of the country, so the average temperature is high during this time.
Many places in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal experience temperatures higher than 40°C. In the deserts of Rajasthan, the temperature rises above 48°C.
Waterbodies in many places are dry The temperature in coastal regions and hilly regions remains up due to the extreme heat. Moderate.
During the days, hot dry wind known as ‘Loo’ often blows over the northern and north-western parts of the country. Monsoon June to September)
The low-pressure areas created over northwest India in the summer causes moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds to rush in from over the surrounding waterbodies from June to September.
The southwest monsoon winds have two branches. The Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
This wind causes heavy to moderate rainfall during this entire period in most parts of the country.
Retreating monsoon (October to November) During this period, the sun starts its apparent southward movement. The Indian landmass starts receiving more oblique rays from the sun.
The temperature of the landmass starts decreasing. Also, southwest monsoon winds start retreating from India.
These retreating winds collect moisture from the Bay of Bengal and cause rainfall on the Coromandel Coast. Sometimes, storms occur in West Bengal-this is known locally as Aashwiner Jhor.
In Winter (December to February) India receives oblique rays of the sun and so, the temperature is low and the atmospheric pressure is high.
Cool, dry winds blow over India from the north-eastern direction. Sometimes, the Western Disturbances cause rainfall in northwest India. Snowfall occurs in mountainous and hilly regions.
Question 10. Write a short note on Loo and Aandhi.
Answer: Loo: The northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Bihar sometimes experience a sudden rise in temperatures during summer afternoons.
This heatwave is locally called ‘Loo’. This heat wave can cause temperatures to rise up by 20°-25°C in one go.
Temperature, rainfall, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, and other factors determine the categorization of the four seasons in India.
These seasons are characterized as described below: Summer (March to May)
Sunrays fall directly over most parts of the country, so the average temperature is high during this time.
Many places in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal experience temperatures higher than 40°C. In the deserts of Rajasthan, the temperature rises above 48°C.
Waterbodies in many places are dry The temperature in coastal regions and hilly regions remains up due to the extreme heat. Moderate.
During the days, hot dry wind known as ‘Loo’ often blows over the northern and north-western parts of the country. Monsoon June to September)
The low-pressure areas created over northwest India in the summer causes moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds to rush in from over the surrounding waterbodies from June to September.
The southwest monsoon winds have two branches. The Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
This wind causes heavy to moderate rainfall during this entire period in most parts of the country.
Retreating monsoon (October to November) During this period, the sun starts its apparent southward movement. The Indian landmass starts receiving more oblique rays from the sun.
The temperature of the landmass starts decreasing. Also, southwest monsoon winds start retreating from India.
These retreating winds collect moisture from the Bay of Bengal and cause rainfall on the Coromandel Coast. Sometimes, storms occur in West Bengal-this is known locally as Aashwiner Jhor.
In Winter (December to February) India receives oblique rays of the sun and so, the temperature is low and the atmospheric pressure is high.
Cool, dry winds blow over India from the north-eastern direction. Sometimes, the Western Disturbances cause rainfall in northwest India. Snowfall occurs in mountainous and hilly regions.
Question 9. Describe the northeast monsoon wind.
Answer: The cold and dry winds that blow from the northeast direction of India in winter (December-February) is known as the northeast monsoon these dry dust storms are called Aandhi. High temperatures of about 50°C often cause deaths of human beings and livestock.
Question 11. Write a short note on Kalbaishakhi or Nor’westers.
Answer: The type of storm accompanied by thunder, lightning, and heavy rainfall that occurs
Characteristics: The characteristics of the north-east during summers in West Bengal known as monsoon are-
1. Nature: This wind is cold and dry in nature.
2. Direction of flow: This wind flows from the land towards waterbodies.
3. Rainfall: The amount of water vapor is very low in this wind. So, there is little rainfall in India.
4. Feelings of winter: Winter is felt in India due to the influence of the northeast monsoon winds.
Question 12. Differentiate between Loo and Kalbaishakhi.
Answer: Differences between Loo and Kalbaishakhi are as follows-
Question 13. Why do certain parts of India experience droughts whereas some parts experience floods?
Answer: India is a country whose climate is governed by the monsoon winds. We receive rainfall primarily because of the monsoon winds.
Both droughts and floods are a result of the action of monsoon winds and India is thus known for both.
The reasons for floods and droughts are as follows-
Reasons for floods in India: If the onset of monsoon occurs before the schedule the amount of rainfall received would be more as the season would last longer.
If the monsoon wind retreats late the season lasts longer. If it keeps raining continuously for days at a stretch.
Reasons for droughts in India: Inadequate rainfall caused by monsoon winds is the primary reason for droughts in India. If the onset of the monsoon is delayed, the season is short-lived.
If the monsoon retreats early, the season is short-lived. If during monsoon, suddenly there is no rainfall for many days at a stretch.
Question 14. Meghalaya receives heavy rainfall. Explain why.
Answer: Meghalaya is situated in the northeastern region of our country.
The moisture-laden monsoon winds that blow in from the Bay of Bengal do not meet any high land before reaching the plateau region that extends from the east to the west of Meghalaya.
As the wind rises along the southern slope of the plateau, it becomes colder and condensation occurs. As a result, this region receives heavy rainfall.
Mawsynram and Cherrapunji on the southern slope of the Khasi, Jayantia hills receive the highest amount of rainfall in the world. The average annual rainfall here is about 11,872mm.
Question 15. Delhi experiences a continental type of climate, while Mumbai enjoys a maritime climate. Explain why.
Answer: Being situated far from the seas, there is little or no influence of the seas on the weather of Delhi. So it is very hot during the day or in summer and very cold at night or in winter.
Due to this, the climate of Delhi is extreme or of the continental type. On the other hand, Mumbai is located on the coast. So the temperature in Mumbai is not too much or too little.
Besides, the effect of humid sea breeze cannot increase the intensity of temperature.
So it does not feel very hot during the day or in summer and very cold at night or in winter. For this reason, the climate of Mumbai is moderate or maritime.
Question 16. Write a short note on ‘Aashwiner Jhor’.
Answer: The cyclonic rain that occurs in Bangladesh, West Bengal, and some other parts of eastern India in the months of October and November (Ashwin-Kartick in the Indian calendar) is locally known as ‘Aashwiner Jhor’.
Storms with rainfall occur in coastal areas. These storms often cause damage to crops, and habitats, as well as loss of livestock and life. These cause rainfall also in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala.
Question 17. Write a short note on ‘Western Disturbances’.
Answer: During the months of December to February, the winter season prevails in India. At this time, the sun’s apparent southward movement causes the weather in India to become dry and cold.
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana experience cloudy skies accompanied by rainfall. This happens because of storms originating in and around the Mediterranean Sea. Since this comes from the West, it is known as Western Disturbance.
Question 18. Write a short note on the rainshadow region.
Answer: The side of a mountain or a hill that does not receive rainfall is known as the leeward side and the area around it is called the rainshadow region.
This is because when moisture-laden winds hit the windward side of a mountain, it causes heavy rainfall there.
When this wind crosses the peak of the mountain and reaches the other side, the leeward side, its moisture content decreases.
These winds flow down the slope of the mountain, thus causing the temperature to rise and eliminating any chance for condensation to occur.
Example: The leeward side of the Western Ghats (eastern side) and the Meghalaya plateau are rainshadow regions.
Question 19. Differentiate between the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon.
Answer: The differences between the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch
Are as follows-
Question 20. Compare the climatic characteristics of summer and winter in India.
Answer: Comparison of climatic characteristics of summer and winter in India-
Question 21. Why does the Coromandel Coast receive rainfall twice a year?
Answer: The Coromandel Coast receives rainfall twice a year.
This is because of the following reasons:
1. South-west monsoon: First, from June to September, the southwest monsoon winds bring rainfall to this region along with the rest of the country.
2. North-east monsoon: Then, the retreating monsoon winds i.e. northeast monsoon again cause rainfall here.
The retreating monsoon winds gather a lot of moisture while passing over the Bay of Bengal in autumn and this moisture is precipitated on the Coromandel Coast during early winter.
Question 22. Why are the agriculture and economy of India so dependent on monsoon winds?
Answer: Both the agriculture and the economy of India are greatly dependent on monsoon winds. The reasons are discussed hereafter there is drizzle for a couple of days. It is known as Western disturbances.
1. Effect of monsoon on agriculture: Depending on the relationship and balance between temperature and rainfall, different kinds of cultivation and cultivation practices are carried out in different parts of India.
Floods, droughts, and irregular of rainfall occupy an important place in the lives of farmers. Industries that are dependent on agriculture-like the tea industry, jute, sugar, and handloom are all affected if agriculture is affected.
2. Effect of monsoon on the economy: Apart from agro-based activities and industries, transfer: portation and tourism are also greatly dependent on the advent and retreat of monsoons in India.
For instance, hill stations like Darjeeling, Gangtok, and Shimla all attract tourists. But excessive rainfall, landslides, and damage to roads often make these places inaccessible. So, tourism is also affected.
Also, hydroelectricity, drinking water supply, groundwater recharge, fishing, and navigation are also several activities that are dependent on rainfall.
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. Why is Shimla so cold?
Answer: Shimla is at an altitude of about 2400 meters above sea level. We know that with the rise in altitude, there is a drop in temperature.
For every 1000 meters increase in altitude, the temperature drops by 6.5°C. So, it is cold in Shimla. For the same reason, Darjeeling is colder than Siliguri and the tops of high mountains are perpetually snow-capped.
Question 2. Why does it feel so hot during the daytime in plateau regions?
Answer: Generally, plateaus are at an elevation of about 600-900 meters above sea level and the surface of the plateau areas is usually rocky in nature.
These rocky surfaces absorb heat from the sun’s rays very fast and also radiate heat very fast as soon as night falls.
Also, plateaus usually do not have many trees so they experience less rainfall and the temperature remains high.
Question 3. Why is the range of temperature in desert Plateau regions are also located away from the region of Rajasthan so high? Or, Rajasthan experiences very hot temperatures during the day but cold temperatures at night. State why.
Answer: Rajasthan is a desert. The sun’s rays heat up the sand of the region very quickly and as a result, days are extremely hot.
Again, sand radiates heat very fast, and after sunset also the skies remain clear which helps the heat to escape quickly. As a result, the nights are cold.
Question 4. Why is the weather so pleasant in coastal regions? Or, Why does the climate become less moderate as one moves further away from the coast?
Answer: The farther a region is from the coast, the higher the range of temperature it experiences. These areas experience hot summers and cold winters.
This happens because, near the coast, land breezes and sea breezes blow alternately. This causes a balance of temperature-temperatures neither rise nor falls very much at these places.
So, the weather is always pleasant in coastal areas sea and thus experiences a continental type of climate.
Question 5. How much does the latitude of a place affect the life of the people of that place?
Answer: The latitude of a place is the chief factor that determines its climate. This is because the latitude of a place determines how much and what kind of sun rays (oblique or direct) it receives.
Nature and the amount of sun rays create differences in temperature. As we move from the Equator to the poles, the places start receiving more and more oblique rays of the sun.
Oblique sun rays fail to heat up an area as much as direct sun rays would. Thus the temperature remains low.
Question 6. What are the important factors affecting the climate of India?
Answer: The main factors affecting the climate of India are as follows- latitude 2 distance from the sea altitude of the land the position of the Himalayas and other mountain ranges presence of one on three sides 6 monsoon winds the desert Rajasthan to the west of India.
Question 7. Mention the duration of each season in India.
Answer: The duration of each season in India is tabulated below:
Question 8. Mention the names of climatic regions in India.
Answer: India can be divided into six climatic regions. They are—
- The tropical humid climatic region,
- The arid climatic region,
- The semi-arid climatic region,
- Tropical Savanna climatic region,
- The mountainous climatic region,
- Tropical extra-humid climatic region.
Question 9. Why is India said to have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer: The reason for designating India as a country of monsoon climate is—India’s climate is totally dependent on monsoon winds.
In winter, the temperature in India decreases due to the influence of northeast monsoon winds. In summer, the monsoon season begins in India due to the onset of southwest monsoon winds. So, India is said to have a monsoon type of climate.
Question 10. What are the weather conditions in India during summer?
Answer: The weather conditions in India during summer are almost every part of India experiences high temperatures during summer.
For instance, temperatures are about 48°C in Rajasthan, about S8°C in Gujarat, and so on.
During summer, the hot wind like Loo blows from the northwest and storms like Kaalboishakhi, Aandhi, and Bordoisila occur.
Question 11. What type of changes in weather are seen during Nor’wester?
Answer: In summer (April-May), West Bengal as well as eastern India sometimes experiences thunderstorms in the afternoon or evening.
This storm is known as Nor’wester. Due to the effect of this Nor’wester, air temperature drops, and the weather becomes comfortable for some period.
Question 12. What is the origin of the word ’monsoon?
Answer: The word ‘monsoon’ originates from the word ‘Mausim’ or ‘Mausam’ in Arabic meaning season. So, the winds that blow according to season are called monsoon winds. For instance, in India, southwest monsoon winds blow at the end of summer and in monsoon.
Question 13. Mention the different winds that blow over India in different seasons.
Answer: In India, at the end of summer and during the monsoon, the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches of the southwest monsoon blow, and in the winter, northeast monsoon winds blow.
Question 14. Why do the western slopes of the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall?
Answer: During the monsoon season, southwest monsoon winds enter India from the Arabian Sea and get obstructed by the western slopes of the Western Ghats.
This wind contains a lot of water vapor, and for being obstructed this wind causes a lot of orographic rainfall in the region. This is the reason why the western slopes of the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall.
Question 15. Which regions in India experience rainfall during winter?
Answer: In India, mainly two regions receive rainfall in winter.
Punjab and Haryana in the northwest, primarily as a result of the Western Disturbance and Coromandel Coast in Tamil Nadu because of the retreating monsoon.
Question 16. What is meant by ‘Aashwiner Jhor’?
Answer: During autumn, coastal areas sometimes experience cyclonic thunderstorms.
While the amount of rainfall may be insignificant, the storms can cause quite a lot of damage to property and life. Since this occurs in the Bengali month of ‘Aashwin’, it is called ‘Aashwiner Jhor’.
Question 17. What are the weather conditions in India during winter?
Answer: The weather conditions in India during winter are as follows-
In India, the average temperature during winter is quite low. For instance, temperatures are between 10°C and 15°C in north India and around 25°C in Tamil Nadu.
Though the Western Disturbance causes considerable rainfall in northwest India, winters are mainly dry throughout the country.
The sky remains cloudless. Fog in the morning and dew at night are common phenomena during this season.
Question 18. In India, summers are wet and winters are dry. State why. Or, Why are winters dry in India?
Answer: The onset of monsoon winds brings rain to India in summer.
This wind gathers moisture from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and causes precipitation during the months of June to September over the Indian landmass.
But in winter, the retreating monsoon winds travel from the land towards the sea, thus having no moisture content. As a result, winters are dry.
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1. India has—
- Two seasons
- Four seasons
- Six seasons
Answer: 2. Four seasons
Question 2. India’s climate is primarily—
- Equatorial
- Monsoon
- Temperate
Answer: 2. Monsoon
Question 3. ‘He northwestern in India are called—
- Kalbaishakhi
- Western disturbance
- Aashwiner Johor
Answer: 1. Kalbaishakhi
Question 4. Rainy season, the wind that blows over India is known as the—
- North-east monsoon wind
- South-west monsoon wind
- South-east trade wind
Answer: 2. South-west monsoon wind
Question 5. India mostly receives rainfall from the—
- Convection type
- Relief type
- Cyclonic type
Answer: 2. Relief type
Question 6. The average annual rainfall in india is—
- 150 Cm
- 120 Cm
- 280 Cm
Answer: 2. 120 Cm
Question 7. The Shillong plateau is on the—
- The windward side of a mountain
- The leeward side of a mountain
- Plateau region
Answer: 2. Leeward side of a mountain
Question 8. The coast that experiences rainfall twice in a year is—
- Coromandel
- Konkan
- Malabar
Answer: 1. Coromondal
Question 9. The average annual rainfall in Meghalaya is about—
- 11,872 Mm
- 12,670 Mm
- 10,872 Mm
Answer: 1. 11,872 Mm
Question 10. The retreating monsoon winds blow over the Indian landmass during the months of—
- March-may
- December-February
- October-November
Answer: 3. October-November
Question 11. The hot and dry dust storm that blows over north-western India is known as—
- Gandhi
- Loo
- Western disturbance
Answer: 1. Aandhi
Question 12. In India, the difference in humidity between summer and winter is—
- High
- Low
- Moderate
Answer: 1. High
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Fill In The Blanks
Question 1. The presence of the _______________ mountains keeps the climate of north India cool.
Answer: Himalaya
Question 2. The climate of the areas near the sea is known as _______________ climate.
Answer: Maritime/ moderate
Question 3. The climate of areas away from the sea is known as _______________ climate.
Answer: Continental/ Extreme
Question 4. The state of _______________ in India has a hot and dry desert climate.
Answer: Rajasthan
Question 5. The hot and dry heatwave that blows over Uttar Pradesh in summers is known as the _______________
Answer: Loo
Question 6. Generally, the onset of monsoon in India takes place in the month of _______________
Answer: June
Question 7. The onset of monsoon in India starts with the state of _______________ on the Malabar Coast.
Answer: Kerala
Question 8. Most of India’s rainfall is caused by the _______________ monsoon winds.
Answer: South-west
Question 9. The year when the monsoon winds are late, _______________ occur.
Answer: Droughts
Question 10. In India, the weather in the _______________ season is usually pleasant.
Answer: Autumn
Question 11. The retreating monsoon winds cause rain _______________ only over the coast of India.
Answer: Coromondal
Question 12. In India, autumn is also called the season of _______________ monsoon wind.
Answer: Retreating
Question 13. Kalbaishakhi storms are known as _______________ in Assam.
Answer: Borodoisila
Question 14. _______________ are known as mango showers or coffee showers in Kerala.
Answer: Nor’Westeres
Question 15. Sea breezes blow during the _______________
Answer: Daytime
Question 16. From December to February, it is _______________ season in India.
Answer: Winter
Question 17. In winter, _______________ dry monsoon winds blow over India.
Answer: North-west
Question 18. The weather phenomena that originate in the Mediterranean region and bring rain in India are known as _______________ Disturbance.
Answer: Western
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Write True Or False
Question 1. Kalbaishakhi storms occur in autumn.
Answer: False
Question 2. The Malabar coast is the region that receives the most rainfall in eastern India.
Answer: False
Question 3. The southwest monsoon winds bring rain to India.
Answer: True
Question 4. The word ‘Mausam’ means season.
Answer: False
Question 5. The aridest region in India is the Thar Desert in Rajasthan.
Answer: False
Question 6. The place that receives the highest amount of rainfall in India is Mawsynram in Meghalaya.
Answer: False
Question 7. Monsoon winds enter India from the state of Rajasthan.
Answer: False
Question 8. In India, southeast monsoon winds blow during the summer.
Answer: False
Question 9. India’s climate is exactly opposite to the climate of the Mediterranean.
Answer: True
Question 10. The range of temperature in the desert region of Rajasthan is very high.
Answer: True
Question 11. Since Shimla is near the sea, it experiences moderate temperatures.
Answer: False
Question 12. In India, the average temperature north of the Tropic of Cancer is lower than the average temperature in regions south of it.
Question 13. Since Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh is near to the sea, it is very hot in Bhopal during summers.
Answer: False
Question 14. Because of altitude, the temperatures in hilly regions remain cool even in summers.
Answer: True
Question 15. Loo is a hot and dry heatwave.
Answer: True
Question 16. Monsoon season in India is from March to May.
Answer: False
Question 17. The eastern slopes of the Western Ghat mountains are a rainshadow region.
Answer: True
Question 18. In the month of October, the Malabar Coast in Kerala receives rainfall for the second time in a year.
Answer: False
Question 19. Agriculture in India is heavily dependent on the monsoon winds.
Answer: True
Question 20. Mawsynram in Meghalaya experiences the highest rainfall in India.
Answer: True
Question 21. The Thar Desert in Rajasthan experiences the hottest temperature in the world.
Answer: False
Question 22. During the monsoons, moisture-laden winds rush in from the oceans towards the land.
Answer: True
Question 23. The winds traveling from the Mediterranean Sea cause the Western Disturbance in India.
Answer: True
Question 24. The Himalayan regions experience snowfall in winters.
Answer: True
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Match the columns
Answer: 1-C,2-E,3-A,4-F,5-B,6-D
Chapter 10 Climate Of India Topic C Climate Of India Answer In One Or Two Words
Question 1. What Is the climate of West Bengal categorized as?
Answer: Tropical monsoon type.
Question 2. Name a place in South India that remains cold throughout the year.
Answer: Kodaikanal.
Question 3. What is the relation between temperature and altitude?
Answer: Temperature decreases with increasing altitude.
Question 4. Which mountain range has a great influence on the climate of India?
Answer: The Himalayas.
Question 5. During which months is it summer in India?
Answer: March-May.
Question 6. What sort of rainfall occurs during Kalbaishakhi storms?
Answer: Cyclonic rainfall.
Question 7. During which months do low-pressure regions develop over India?
Answer: May-June.
Question 8. Which type of monsoon winds blows over India in the rainy season?
Answer: South-west monsoon winds.
Question 9. Which two branches of monsoon winds cause rainfall in India during summer?
Answer: Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
Question 10. What causes uneven distribution of rainfall over India?
Answer: Monsoon winds.
Question 11. What percentage of the total rainfall that India experiences occurs during monsoon?
Answer: 75 percent.
Question 12. Which part of India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Mawsynram in the northeast.
Question 13. Name one rainshadow region In India other than the eastern slope of the Western Ghats.
Answer: The Shillong Plateau.
Question 14. Which festival celebrates the onset of monsoon in Assam?
Answer: Bihu.
Question 15. In which season does ‘Ashwiner Jhar’ occur?
Answer: Autumn.
Question 16. Which coast of India receives rainfall twice a year?
Answer: Coromandel Coast.
Question 17. Name the state which receives rainfall twice a year.
Answer: Tamil Nadu.
Question 18. During which months of the year does rainfall occur in the Coromondal Coast?
Answer: In the months of June and then in October-November.
Question 19. In which season do we experience fog and dew?
Answer: Winter.
Question 20. In which season does the northeast monsoon wind blow?
Answer: Winter.
Question 21. In which season does the Western Disturbance occur in the north-western parts of India?
Answer: Winter.
Question 22. Which regions of India experience the coldest winters?
Answer: Leh and Dras of the Union Territory of Ladakh.