WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Life Science And Environment Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Summary

WBBSE Class 10 Importance of Biodiversity Overview

Importance Of Biodiversity

• Variability of genes, species, and ecosystems in land, water, and air can provide a variety of organisms. This variation is called biodiversity. India is one of the 12 mega-diversity countries in the period.
• Biodiversity is very important for various reasons. It is related to food production, and medicine formation from a variety of organisms. In fact, it is essential
• in maintaining the ecological balance, helping to increase rainfall, and controlling climatic changes.
• Biodiversity has wide economic importance. It supplies raw materials for furniture, and paper and also provides resin, wax, silk, fur, pearl, etc. In fact, it also has a great influence in painting, architecture, and music, to entertain the people.
• Regions that are rich in biodiversity, like the Himalayas Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region, and the Sundaland (including Nicobar group of islands) are called hotspots.

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• There are various reasons behind the depletion of biodiversity, like-change in land patterns, extensive use of land for industry, house, and agriculture, hunting, global warming, climatic change, invasion of foreign species, natural calamities, etc.
• In recent decades, Sundarban has faced lots of problems like-destruction of mangrove plants, agricultural lands gets salty due to floods, scarcity of drinking water, scarcity of habitat, water pollution, and above all increase in sea level submerge the whole area. All these calamities can destroy the ecological balance of Sundarban.

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Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Briefly explain the significance of biodiversity.

Answer:

Significance of biodiversity:

The significance of biodiversity are given below.

1. Ecological importance:

In an ecosystem, all organisms are ecologically interdependent on each other. The extinction of an organism will increase or decrease the number of other organisms and will create ecological imbalance. Therefore, a rich biodiversity results in a stable ecosystem.

2. Environmental value:

A rich biodiversity is the indicator of a pollution-free environment. By controlling the environmental pollution the conservation of the biosphere can be maintained.

3. Economic importance:

We are dependent on plants and animals for food, clothing, medicines, and shelter. We get various types of food from different varieties of plants. Other than the food, we get wood, paper, fibers, gums, resin rubbers, and various medicinally important alkaloids from plants.

We extract honey, wax, silk, wool, leather, milk, meat, and egg from animals. Thus, biodiversity is essential for the survival of human beings.

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4. Weather control:

Biodiversity is essential to prevent environmental pollution and to control the weather. This process maintains the stability of the biosphere. The tropical rain forests absorb CO, and thus reduce the greenhouse effect and global temperature.

A forest increases moisture in the atmosphere by transpiration and thereby increases the chance of cloud formation and rainfall. Many plants absorb toxic elements and help to detoxify the soil. Several plants and microbes increase the nitrogen content of the soil and thus increase soil fertility.

5. Aesthetic beauty:

Living organisms add natural beauty and liveliness on the earth.

6. Moral value:

Every organism on the earth has the right to live. This concept was accepted by United Nations in the memorandum of the earth summit in Nairobi, 1982.

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Biodiversity Significance

Question 2. Mention the types of biodiversity. State the names and locations of the biodiversity hotspots in India.

Answer:

Types of biodiversity:

Biodiversity can be classified into three types. These are mentioned below.

1. Genetic diversity:

Several chromosomal and genetic differences occur within a population, which create many structural and behavioral variations within the members of the same species. This is called genetic diversity.

2. Species diversity:

Within a biotic community of a particular area, several species interact with each other. The structural and behavioral variation of the members of these species and the difference in the relative abundance of all the species in a biotic community is known as species diversity.

3. Ecological diversity:

The variety among the organisms, belonging to different interacting ecosystems within a vast geographical area is known as ecological diversity.

Indian biodiversity hotspots:

The names and locations of the biodiversity hotspots in India are mentioned below.

1. Eastern Himalayas:

The North-Eastern states like Sikkim, North Bengal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh are included under this hotspot. Due to the abundance of ancient flowering plants in these areas, the Eastern-Himalayas hotspot is known as the ‘cradle of speciation.

2. Indo-Burma:

Other North-Eastern states like Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and south Assam belong to the Indo-Burma hotspot region.

3. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka:

The hilly regions of Western Ghat in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala belong to this hotspot region.

4. Sundaland:

It comes under the Asia-Pacific region. The Nicobar group of islands belongs to this hotspot region.

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Question 3. Explain the causes of the depletion of biodiversity.
Or,
Assess the causes of depletion of biodiversity with proper examples.

Answer:

Causes of depletion of biodiversity:

The causes of the depletion of biodiversity are explained below.

1. Change in the utilization of land:

Due to increased population pressure, the forest areas are cleared and converted into residential or industrial areas. The laying of roadways and railway tracks through forest land is squeezing the natural habitat of wild animals and plants.

Indian elephant, mountain gorilla, orangutan, red panda, etc. species are facing extinction due to habitat loss.

 

Benefits of Biodiversity to Ecosystems

2 Climatic change and global warming:

Indiscriminate felling of trees increases CO₂ levels in the atmosphere. Excess CO₂ causes the greenhouse effect and increases the atmospheric temperature. Many animals cannot adapt in this changed environment and become extinct.

Due to global warming, the glaciers of the polar region are melting. This results in to an increase in sea level. As a result, the delta of Sundarban is going under seawater.

3. Pollution:

With the modernization of life and industrialization, environmental pollution has increased greatly. Many species have become extinct or surviving in endangered states due to pollution.

Excessive use of pesticides has an immense effect on the depletion of biodiversity. Industrial pollution is a big threat for coral reefs.

4. Hunting and poaching:

Until the middle of the last century, wild animals were hunted for fun. The big cats became endangered due to indiscriminate hunting. Poachers kill animals for tusks, horns, skins, etc. Some tribes celebrate hunting competitions.

These practices cut down the population of different animals. Several species of jaguar and ocelot have been jeopardized by the demand for their fur.

5. Excessive use:

Ayurvedic medicine producers collect huge quantities of medicinal herbs or plant parts from forests. As a result, the number of several medicinally important plants have reduced significantly.

For Example, Coptis teeth-an endangered plant is used to regulate blood pressure.

6. Natural calamity:

Forest fire is the deadliest of the natural calamities, which reduce biodiversity very fast. Volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. are a few other natural calamities, which have reduced biodiversity at different times.

For example-Cave beer are extinct due to this.

7. Invasion of other species:

Invasion of foreign species like water hyacinth, tilapia fish, hybrid catfish, etc. greatly hamper the ecological structure of an area. The American cockroach Periplaneta americana harms the local cockroach of India, i.e., Blatta orientalis.

Question 4. Explain the problems of Sundarban. Similar question, You have identified three environmental problems while on research in Sundarbans-

1. Disbalance in predator number,
2. Destruction of mangrove plants due to urbanization,
3. Submergence of islands due to rising sea level. Analyze what impact they might exert on biodiversity.

Part question, If the water level in the sea increases enormously due to global warming, what problems the humans and biodiversity of Sunderban may face?
Part question, Construct a concept map to show how the increase in human habitat is influencing the ecosystem of Sundarban.

Answer:

Problems of Sundarban:

In recent days Sundarban is facing many environmental problems. These are mentioned below.

1. Loss of mangrove forest due to urbanization:

Population pressure has initiated urbanization. Due to this, many areas along the periphery of Sundarban are deforested.

 

 

2. Agricultural problem:

Due to soil erosion and siltation, the depth of rivers becomes shallow. During high tide saline water spills over, and floods the agricultural fields to make the soil salty and infertile.

3. Scarcity of fresh water:

The estuarine water is salty. Frequent flood makes inland water bodies like ponds and wells saline. Therefore, sweet water is becoming scarce in the Sundarban area.

4. Destruction of natural habitat:

Deforestation is reducing the natural habitats of large to small animals. As a result, the biodiversity of Sundarban is gradually getting destroyed.

5. Pollution:

The most provocative problem for Sundarban is increasing pollution. All rivers are disposing of gallons of pollutants in the water. Several pollutants are percolating in the soil of the Sundarban area making the soil infertile and toxic.

The oil and grease, spilling from fishing and tourist vessels are polluting the aquatic environment of this area. This pollution is affecting the propagation of fish, prawns, and other aquatic animals.

6. Imbalance in the prey-predator ratio:

Due to overpopulation and pollution, the number of many animal species has declined. This has resulted int o imbalance in prey-predator ratio. The scarcity of natural food compels tigers to enter into human localities in search of food.

7. Rise in water level:

Due to global warming, the glaciers of the polar region are melting. This results into an increase in sea water level. As a result, the delta of Sundarban is going under seawater.

Question 5. Mention the roles of biodiversity in the following two aspects in the progress of human civilization-

1. Production of food,
2. Manufacturing of Medicine.

Answer:

Production of food:

We all are depends on nature for food. Nature can give us a wide range of various organisms that meet the need of food. Different food items provide different essential nutrients like-Vitamin, minerals along with energy.

Other than that a wide range of animal protein are also acquired from poultry and fishery. All these animals and plants are the gift of the biodiversity of nature.

Manufacturing of medicine:

In the early decade. We mainly depended on plants for medicine. A variety of plant species are provided by biodiversity, mainly used for medicinal purposes. Not only plants, but many fungi and body parts of animals are also used as medicine.

For example, we get quinine from the cinchona plant; a vital drug for malaria reserpine from the roots of rauwolfia; maintain blood pressure level to normal, daturine from datura prevents hyperventilation, etc.

Along with that, holy basil, and margosa plants also exert their medical value. Fungi like Penicillium notatum is essential for producing penicillin, an antibiotic that fights against a wide range of bacteria. So biodiversity helps to progress overall human welfare and civilization.

Economic Importance of Biodiversity

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is meant by species?
Answer:

Species:

Species is a group of closely related, characteristically similar and naturally interbreeding organisms, which are capable of producing fertile offsprings to create population. For example, there are seven species of honey bee in our planet.

Question 2. What is biodiversity?
Answer:

Biodiversity:

The intraspecific, interspecific or ecological variation seen among the different living organisms, inhabiting any terrestrial or aquatic environment, is called biodiversity. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.

Example-Coral reef biodiversity.

 

 

Question 3. What are endemic species?
Answer:

Endemic species:

The animal or plant species, which remain naturally confined to a particular geographical area, are called endemic species.

For example- The Asiatic lion is endemic to Gir forest, muga silk moth is endemic to Assam.

Question 4. How do you classify biodiversity on the basis of their interrelations?
Answer:

On the basis of interrelation, biodiversity is classified into 3 different types-

1. Genetic diversity,
2. Species diversity
3. Ecological diversity.

Question 5. Name any two organizations, which work for developing awareness on the importance of biodiversity.
Answer:

Several international organizations work for developing awareness on the importance of biodiversity.

Two of these are-

1. WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) and
2. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).

Question 6. What is genetic diversity?
Answer:

Genetic diversity:

Several chromosomal and genetic differences occur within a population. These create many structural and behavioral variations within the members of the same species. This is called genetic diversity.

Question 7. What is species diversity?
Answer:

Species diversity:

Within a biotic community of a particular area, several species interact with each other. The structural and behavioral variations of these organisms and the differences in the relative abundance of all these species in a biotic community are known as species diversity.

Question 8. What is ecological diversity?
Answer:

Ecological diversity:

Different interacting ecosystems within a vast geographic area possess a wide variety of species. Such diversity among the organisms in a very large area is known as ecological diversity.

Question 9. What is meant by biodiversity hotspot?
Answer:

Biodiversity hotspot:

There are some regions on the earth which comprise several endangered and rare endemics Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas are two species, are known as biodiversity hotspots. important biodiversity hotspots in India.

Question 10. How many types can we classify the ecological diversity and what are they?
Answer:

Ecological diversity can be classified into three types. They are-

1. Alpha diversity,
2. Beta diversity and
3. Gamma diversity.

Biodiversity and Human Well-being

Question 11. Give two examples of animal biodiversity endangered by the pollution of the river Ganga.
Answer:

Two examples of animal biodiversity endangered by the pollution of river Ganga are-

1. Gangetic dolphin and
2. Gharial.

Question 12. Which parts are included in Eastern Himalayas and Sundaland biodiversity hotspots?
Answer:

The forests of Sikkim, North Bengal, and Arunachal Pradesh are included in the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot. Sumatra, Borneo, and Nicobar Islands are included in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot.

Question 13. Why is the Eastern Himalayas called a biodiversity hotspot?
Answer:

In Eastern Himalayas, there are several endemic animal and plant species. Here, about 5800 species of plants and 2000 species of animals are found, all of which are endemic. Therefore, Eastern Himalayas is treated as a biodiversity hotspot.

Question 14. Name the biodiversity hotspots in India.
Answer:

In India, there are 4 biodiversity hotspots. These include

1. Eastern Himalayas,
2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka,
3. Indo-Burma and
4. Sundaland.

 

 

Question 15. Why is Western Ghats and Sri Lanka treated as biodiversity hotspots?
Answer:

In the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, about 5000 different vascular plant species are found, out of which 1700 are endemic. Moreover, around 985 animal species are found here, out of which 360 are endemic species.

Due to this richness of endemic species, the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka are treated as biodiversity hotspots.

Question 16. Write the location of the Sundaland hotspot and one important species of its biodiversity.
Answer:

The location of the Sundaland hotspot and one important species of its biodiversity

One of the most important biodiversity hotspots Sundaland is located in Southeastern Asia, and comprises of the landmass of Malay, Java, Sumatra, Peninsula, Bali, Borneo, Andaman, and Nicobar islands.

The important species of Sundaland is-Sundari plant (plant) or Orangutan (animal).

Question 17. Which Indian states come under the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspots?
Answer:

The Indian states those come under the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspots are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala.

Question 18. Which are the two conditions imposed by the ‘conservation international’ to declare an area as a biodiversity hotspot?
Or,
Which conditions do you consider to declare one area out of two as a biodiversity hotspot?
Answer:

The two conditions imposed by the ‘conservation international’ to declare an area as a biodiversity hotspot are as follows-

1. The area must have at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species.
2. About 70% of the biodiversity of that area should have already been extinct.

Question 19. Discuss the role of biodiversity in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem of a river.
Answer:

The role of biodiversity in maintaining balance of the eco-system of a river are

1. Biodiversity decreases the inter-specific and intra-specific competition of aquatic organisms for food and habitat.
2. Depletion of certain aquatic organisms due to water pollution hampers the river ecosystem. This can be restored by biodiversity.
3. Extensive biodiversity provides certain options to nature like killifish, which can withstand with extreme environmental change (water pollution).

Question 20. Which states come under the Indo-Burma hotspot?
Answer:

A number of states come under the Indo-Burma hotspot. These are Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and southern Assam.

Question 21. Mention the location of Sundarban.
Answer:

The location of Sundarban:

Sundarban is located at the southern part of South 24 Parganas of West Bengal and the southern portion of the Khulna district of Bangladesh.

Its geographical position is 21°32′ to 21°55′ northern latitude and 88°42′ to 89°04 eastern longitude. The total surface area of Sundarban is 9630 sq km.

Question 22. Which types of plants are called halophytes or mangrove plants?
Answer:

The plants, which grow in the saline, silty and muddy soil along the bank of estuaries and sea shore are called halophytes or mangrove plants.

Example-Sundari (Heritiera), Garan (Ceriops), etc.

Question 23. Mention the importance of mangrove forests in Sundarban.
Answer:

The importance of mangrove forest in Sundarban are as follows-

1. The root system of mangrove trees holds the soil to prevent erosion of soil and breaking of the coastline.
2. This forest protects the coastal areas against storms and supplies wood, honey, etc. to the residents of this area.

Role of Biodiversity in Ecosystem Services

Question 24. Name a few endangered plants and animals of Sundarban.
Answer:

Few endangered plants and animals of Sundarban

The endangered plants of Sundarban are Sundari (Heritiera), Geon (Excoecaria), etc. Among animal species, the endangered ones are the Royal Bengal tiger, fishing cat, etc.

Question 25. What are the reasons of the destruction of the mangrove forest of Sundarban?
Answer:

The reasons of the destruction of mangrove forests are-

1. Cutting of mangrove trees for place of human habitat.
2. Natural calamities like cyclones destroy mangrove forests.
3. Pollution causes the destruction of mangrove plants.
4. Mangrove plants are cut for prawn culture.

Question 26. Write down a few processes of protecting biodiversity.”
Answer:

A few processes of protecting biodiversity are-

1. Identifying the endangered species and necessary steps to be taken for their conservation.
2. Plantation and prevention of local plant destruction.
3. Increasing awareness among people and sustainable use of forest products.

Question 27. What is a biodiversity treaty?
Answer:

Biodiversity treaty:

In the Earth summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, top level representatives from 150 countries unanimously signed a treaty for the conservation of biological diversities (CBD). This is known as biodiversity treaty.

Question 28. Mention the important features of the biodiversity treaty.
Answer:

The important features of the biodiversity treaty are as follows-

1. Conservation of biodiversity.
2. Sustainable utilization of the products collected from biodiversity.
3. Arrangement of impartial utilization of genetic resources from biodiversity.

Question 29. Give four examples of damage of biodiversity as a result of global warming.
Answer:

Due to global warming, four examples of damage of biodiversity are

1. Destruction of Australian coral reefs leads to loss of marine biodiversity.
2. In the present decade, the overall temperature of the earth rises about 1-2°C, that in turn melts the ice in polar regions. Because of these; animals of polar regions like penguins, polar bears, and seal are losing their habitat and thereby their number decreases rapidly.
3. Extinction of certain species of amphibia, fish, snails, shells, and migratory birds are the result of global warming.
4. Destruction of mangrove forests is also a result of global warming, due to the rise in sea level.

Question 30. Cites two examples of foreign species causing harm to local species.
Answer:

Two examples of foreign species causing harm to local species are-

1. The American cockroach Periplaneta americana harms the local cockroach of India Blatta orientalis.
2. The plant water hyacinth coming from Brazil inhibits other aquatic plants.

Question 31. Give one example of exotic species causing damage of local biodiversities in each of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.
Answer:

In aquatic ecosystems, the exotic species that damage the local biodiversity is-water hyacinth. In terrestrial ecosystems, the exotic species that damage the local biodiversity is American. cockroach.

Threats to Biodiversity in India

Question 32. ‘Poaching is one of the fundamental causes of endangeredness of animal diversity in India’-Assess four causes for which animals are poached in India.
Answer:

Four causes of poaching are-

1. Some animals are mainly killed for their skins and bones, for example, elephants are killed for ivory, and tigers are killed for their bones and skins.
2. Some animals like deer, pigs, bull are poached for meet the needs of meat.
3. The body parts of some animals are also used for medicinal purposes and for home. decor.
4. Illegally traded items fetch lucrative prices, that encourage poachers to look out for more money.

Question 33. Pollution is the reason of the depletion of biodiversity Justify.
Answer:

Pollution is the reason of the depletion of biodiversity:

1. Pollution increases the average temperature causing global warming. Due to global warming glaciers melt causing problems for polar animals like polar beer, penguins,s, etc.
2. Increasing temperature increases the water level of the sea causing the destruction of the mangrove forest of Sundarban.
3. Pollution causing the destruction of coral reefs.
4. Pollution harms the health of many animals.

Question 34. Give two examples of biodiversity depletion due to an increase in human population.

Answer:

1. Deforestation-Plants are cut for habitat and other facilities of human like in Indonesia forests are cut for increasing oil production.
2. Excessive use-Many plants and animals are used excessively for human welfare and entertainment, depletes biodiversity. – Passenger pigeons become extinct due to this.

 

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity MCQs

Question 1. The term ‘biodiversity’ was coined by—

1. Zimmermann
2. W G Rosen
3. Charles Darwin
4. Lamarck

Answer: 2. W G Rosen

Question 2. The diversity of various communities of organisms inhabiting a vast geographical area is known as—

1. Genetic diversity
2. α diversity
3. β diversity
4. γ diversity

Answer: 4. γ diversity

Question 3. The total number of biodiversity hotspots on Earth is—

1. 14
2. 24
3. 34
4. 44

Answer: 3. 34

Question 4. The concept of ‘hotspot’ was given by—

1. David
2. Simpson
3. Mayer
4. Norman Myers

Answer: 4. Norman Myers

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Question 5. The ecological area with very rich biodiversity is called—

1. Blue spot
2. Green spot
3. Cold spot
4. Hotspot

Answer: 4. Hotspot

Question 6. Out of 34 biodiversity hotspots worldwide, in India there are—

1. 2
2. 4
3. 8
4. 16

Answer: 2. 4

Question 7. The main cause of the extinction of biodiversity from equatorial regions is—

1. Deforestation
2. Erosion of soil
3. Earthquake
4. Super cyclone

Answer: 1. Deforestation

Question 8. The plant species present in India is—

1. 10% of the global plants
2. 11% of the global plants
3. 12% of the global plants
4. 13% of the global plants

Answer: 2. 11% of the global plants

Question 9. A biodiversity hotspot in India is—

1. Nilgiri hills
2. Aravalli hills
3. Western Ghats
4. Eastern Ghats

Answer: 3. Western Ghats

Question 10. The mangoes available in Malda have different tastes, flavors, fibrous content, colors and sugar content. This is due to—

1. Hybridization
2. Species diversity
3. Induced mutation
4. Genetic diversity

Answer: 4. Genetic diversity

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Question 11. The medicinal plant used to reduce high blood pressure is—

1. Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia)
2. Cinchona
3. Guava (Psidium)
4. Kalmegh (Andrographis)

Answer: 1. Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia)

Question 12. In a hotspot, the minimum number of endemic vascular plants that should be present is—

1. 1500
2. 1600
3. 1700
4. 1800

Answer: 1. 1500

Question 13. In Sundaland, the number of vascular plants present is about—

1. 25000
2. 30000
3. 35000
4. 40000

Answer: 1. 25000

Question 14. The Indian biodiversity hotspot, .which includes Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and North Bengal is—

1. Indo-Burma region
2. Eastern Hiihalayan region
3. Western Ghats region
4. Sundaland

Answer: 2. Eastern Himalayan region

Question 15. Water hyacinth was introduced in India from

1. Australia
2. South America
3. Japan
4. Nepal

Answer: 2. South America

Question 16. The percentage of endemic plant species in India is about—

1. 11%
2. 22%
3. 33%
4. 44%

Answer: 2. 22%

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 17. The main cause of the declining number of tigers in Sundarban is—

1. Expansion of residential area
2. Poaching
3. Forest management
4. All of these

Answer: 3. Forest management

Question 18. ‘International Day for biological diversity is celebrated on—

1. 5th June
2. 22nd March
3. 29th November
4. 22nd May

Answer: 3. 29th November

Question 19. The species that is not abundant in nature but plays a very important role in maintaining ecological balance is called—

1. Keystone species
2. Endangered species
3. Rare species
4. Vulnerable species

Answer: 4. Vulnerable species

Question 20. Species diversity occurs due to—

1. Genetic variation
2. Ecological biodiversity
3. Animal Diversity
4. Plant diversity

Answer: 4. Plant diversity

Question 21. Mangrove forest is seen in—

1. Dry desert area
2. Hilly area
3. Plateau
4. Salty wetland

Answer: 1. Dry desert area

Question 22. The forest area in India is about—

1. 19 %
2. 91 %
3. 52 %
4. 23 %

Answer: 1. 19 %

Question 23. In India, the highest number of reptiles are found in—

1. Himalayas
2. Western Ghats
3. Deccan plateau
4. Sundarban

Answer: 4. Sundarban

Question 24. The exogenous plants that have created great ecological problems are—

1. Parthenium and water hyacinth
2. Bryophyllum and Begonia
3. Berry and banana
4. Shame plant and Calotropis

Answer: 4. Shame plant and Calotropis

Question 25. Two endangered animals of India are—

1. Indian tiger and musk deer
2. Indian ass and wild boar
3. Cat and mongoose
4. Wild cat and wild dog

Answer: 2. Indian ass and wild boar

Question 26. Endangered plants of India are—

1. Sundari, pitcher plant, and sandal
2. Mango, berry, and jackfruit
3. Paddy, wheat, and millet
4. Silk cotton, arjun and tamarind

Answer: 1. Sundari, pitcher plant, and sandal

Question 27. Synonym of ecological diversity is—

1. Genetic diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Habitat diversity
4. Animal diversity

Answer: 1. Genetic diversity

Question 28. The largest mangrove forest is situated in—

1. Jalpaiguri
2. Midnap ore
3. Sundarban
4. Purulia

Answer: 1. Jalpaiguri

Question 29. Which of the following is not a hotspot?

1. Indo Burma
2. Western Ghat
3. Sundarban
4. Eastern Himalaya

Answer: 3. Sundarban

Question 30. Sundarban is —

1. National park
2. Hotspot
3. Biosphere reserve
4. Sanctuary

Answer: 2. Hotspot

Question 31. The keystone species of Sundarban is—

1. Mangrove
2. Royal Bengal tiger
3. Lion
4. Fish

Answer: 2. Royal Bengal tiger

Question 32. Which of the following plant destroy the biodiversity of an ecosystem —

1. Mango
2. Pea
3. Eucalyptus
4. Arjun plant

Answer: 3. Eucalyptus

Question 33. The average temperature of the earth increased in the last century due to global warming is—

1. 4°c
2. 0.5°C
3. 0.6°C
4. 0.7°C

Answer: 3. 0.6°C

Question 34. The largest mangrove forest in the world is located in—

1. Jalpaiguri
2. Mednipur
3. Sundarbans
4. Purulia

Answer: 3. Sundarbon

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 35. Which of the following plant is used to treat high blood pressure—

1. Rauwolfia
2. Cinchona
3. Guava
4. Ocimum

Answer: 1. Rauwolfia

Question 36. Decide which of the following pair is not correct.

1. Poaching—increase the endangeredness of gorilla
2. Exotic Species—Lantana, Tilapia
3. Determination of hotspot—Number of endemic species and endangered species
4. Greenhouse gas—Eutrophication

Answer: 4. Greenhouse gas—Eutrophication

Question 37. One endangered species of Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot is—

1. Lion-tailed macaque
2. Orangutan
3. Red panda
4. Nilgiri thar

Answer: 3. Red panda

Question 38. The most endangered plant in the world is

1. Fungi
2. Algae
3. Moss
4. Angiosperm

Answer: 4. Angiosperm

Question 39. The main reason of Rauwolfia to be endangered is—

1. Global warming and climate change
2. Invasion of foreign species
3. Excessive use
4. Pollution

Answer: 3. Excessive use

Question 40. Indian landmass is—

1. 2% of the global land mass
2. 4% of the global land mass
3. 6% of the global land mass
4. 8% of the global land mass

Answer: 1. 2% of the global land mass

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Answer In A Single Word Or Sentence

Question 1. How do you denote the combination of ecosystem and biodiversity?
Answer: The combination of ecosystem and biodiversity is called ecological diversity.

Question 2. What is the basis of a healthy and active ecosystem?
Answer: A rich biodiversity is the basis of a healthy and active ecosystem.

Question 3. What is the species diversity in two different habitats within the same geographical area known as?
Answer: Beta (β) diversity

Question 4. How do you denote the genetic variations among the members of the same species?
Answer: Genetic diversity

Question 5. How do you treat the abundance of relatively different species in a specific area?
Answer: Species diversity

Conservation Strategies for Biodiversity

Question 6. Which type of diversity is called turnover diversity?
Answer: Beta (β) diversity.

Question 7. Which type of diversity indicates the abundance of different species in a specific area?
Answer: Alpha (α) diversity

Question 8. How do you denote the diversity of various species inhabiting a vast geographic area?
Answer: Gamma (γ) diversity

Question 9. Name a mangrove plant.
Answer:

Mangrove plant

Sundari (Heritiera littoralis)

Question 10. What is flora?
Answer:

Flora

Flora is the collection of all species of plants inhabiting an area or a geological time.

Question 11. What is vegetation?
Answer:

Vegetation

Vegetation is the generalized idea on the distribution, number, nature, etc. of all plants inhabiting a specific area.

Question 12. How do you denote the places, which are rich in rare and endemic biodiversity?
Answer: The places, which are rich in rare and endemic biodiversity, are called hotspots.

Question 13. In which biodiversity hotspot in India is leaf deer seen?
Answer: Eastern Himalayas

Question 14. Write the full form of BMC.
Answer:

Full form of BMC

Biodiversity Management Committee

Question 15. What is the total geographical area of India?
Answer: 32,87,263 km²

Question 16. According to FSI-2011, what percentage of Indian landmass is covered by forest?
Answer: According to FSI-2011, 21.05% of the Indian landmass is covered by forest.

Question 17. In which portion of the earth does the richest biodiversity occur?
Answer: The richest biodiversity occurs in the tropical rainforest region of the earth.

Question 18. Name a keystone species in West Bengal.
Answer: Royal Bengal tiger

Question 19. What percentage of species of the world is confined to the megadiversity countries?
Answer: 70%

Question 20. Which day is celebrated as world environment day?
Answer: 5th June

Cultural and Ethical Significance of Biodiversity

Question 21. Which day is Celebrated as world Conservation Day?
Answer: 3rd December

Question 22. When and where the Earth summit took place?
Answer: 1992 in Rio de Janeiro.

Question 23. What is the full form of CBD?
Answer:

Full form of CBD

Convention of biological diversity

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 24. How many hotspots are there in India?
Answer: Four

Question 25. Write down the names of two hotspots in India.
Answer: Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghat

Question 26. Write down the name of a plant-of Eastern Himalaya.
Answer: Pitcher plant (Nepenthes khasiana)

Question 27. Which day is celebrated as world biodiversity day?
Answer: 22 May

Question 28. Write down the name of a mammal of the Eastern Himalaya.
Answer: Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)

Question 29. Which forest of India is declared as world heritage site by UNESCO?
Answer: Sundarban

Question 30. Sundarban is famous for the conservation of which animal?
Answer: Royal Bengal tiger

Question 31. What percentage of forest area is present in India according to the 2011 report of FSI?
Answer: 21.05%

Question 32. Write the name of the cause of the latest concern regarding the environment at Sundarbans.
Answer: Loss of mangroves and scarcity of drinking water.

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Among all living organisms on the earth, about _________ % is present only in 17 countries.
Answer: 70

Question 2. The source of quinine is _________ plant.
Answer: Cinchona

Question 3. _________ is used as a medicine to treat malaria.
Answer: Quinine

Question 4. A beneficial fungus is _________.
Answer: Penicillium

Question 5. Reserpine, the medicine for high blood pressure is extracted from the roots of _________ plant.
Answer: Sarpagandha

Question 6. _________ is a medicinal plant, the extract of which can be used as an immunostimulant.
Answer: Kalmegh

Question 7. The green plants are the _________ of the ecosystem.
Answer: Producers

Question 8. Wood from _________ plant is generally used for making furniture.
Answer: Teak

Question 9. The pulp prepared for the paper industry contains _________ fibers of the plant.
Answer: Cellulose

Question 10. _________ plant is used for paper production.
Answer: Bamboo

Question 11. The_________ secreted from babool, Shirish, etc. plants is used to prepare glue.
Answer: Gum

Question 12. The resin of pine is used to prepare _________ oil.
Answer: Turpentine

Question 13. _________ is a type of resin, used to add flavour in food.
Answer: Asafoetida

Question 14. Bee wax is used in preparing _________.
Answer: Cosmetics

Question 15. Bombyx mori produces _________ silk.
Answer: Mulberry

Question 16. Angora wool is collected from _________ fur.
Answer: Rabbit

Question 17. The biodiversity hotspot in which the Nicobar Islands are included is _________.
Answer: Sundaland

Question 18. The Eastern Himalayas hotspot is called the cradle of _________.
Answer: Speciation

Question 19. In the Eastern Himalayas hotspot, about _________ endemic flowering plant species are found.
Answer: 2000

Question 20. In the Indo-Burma hotspot, about _________ species of mammals are found.
Answer: 430

Question 21. The hotspot of south India is _________.
Answer: Western ghat

Question 22. _________ is a keystone species.
Answer: Royal Bengal tiger

Question 23. _________ ray is entering into the earth due to ozone layer depletion.
Answer: UV ray

Question 24. The term hot stop was comed by_________.
Answer: Norman Myers

Question 25. The name of one exotic species, that affects the local biodiversity, is _________.
Answer: Parthenium

Question 26. _________ is derived from the root of the propaganda plant which is needed as medicine form lowering high blood pressure.
Answer: Reserpine

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity State True Or False

Question 1. Caffeine is a structural component of wax.
Answer: True

Question 2. Turpentine oil is used in varnish preparation.
Answer: True

Question 3. Resin is a petroleum byproduct.
Answer: False

Question 4. Sal trees are used in paper manufacturing industries.
Answer: False

Question 5. The term ‘biodiversity’ was coined by W G Rosen.
Answer: True

Question 6. A hotspot must have a minimum of 1000 endemic vascular plants.
Answer: False

Question 7. Sundaland is a biodiversity hotspot in India.
Answer: True

Question 8. Sundari trees are the endemic species of the Eastern Himalayas hotspot region.
Answer: False

Question 9. Sundarban is situated at the estuaries of the Ganges, Padma, Brahmaputra, and Meghna.
Answer: True

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 10. The soil of the Sundarban area is saline.
Answer: True

Question 11. Medico is a Megadiversity country
Answer: True

Question 12. The use of N₂, fertilizer makes the soil acidic
Answer: True

Question 13. The immersion of the island is an environmental problem of Sundarban.
Answer: True

Question 14. The Amazon forest is called the lungs of the earth.
Answer: True

Question 15. Rhododendron is an endangered plant species conserved in the Eastern Himalaya hotspot.
Answer: True

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Match The Columns

1.

Answer: 1-B; 2-C; 3—A; 4-E; 5-D; 6-G

2.

Answer:  1-B; 2-0; 3-A; 4-C; 5-F; 6-G

Case Studies on Biodiversity Conservation in India

3.

Answer: 1-B; 2-D; 3-A; 4-C; 5-E; 6-F

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Find The Odd One Out

Question 1. Coconut plant, Sonneratia plant, Ceriops plant, Heritiera plant.
Answer: Coconut plant

Question 2. Eastern Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Japan, Sundaland
Answer: Japan

Question 3. Manipur, Mizoram, Indo-Burma, Sundaland
Answer: Sundaland

Question 4. Forestation, Deforestation, Hunting, Invasion of foreign species
Answer: Forestation

Question 5. American Cockroach, Lantana camara, Foreign species, Endemic species
Answer: Endemic species

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Fill In The Blanks By Looking At The First Pair

Question 1. Ecology Earnst Haeckel :: Biodiversity: _______________
Answer: Walter Rosen

Question 2. Ship: Marino wool::Pinctada: _______________
Answer: Pearl

Question 3. Cinchona: Malaria:: Deak: _______________
Answer: Furniture

Question 4. Megadiversity country: Brazil:: Biodiversity hotspot: _______________
Answer: Eastern Himalaya

Question 5. Water hyacinth: Foreign species :: Muga moth: _______________
Answer: Endemic species

Question 6. Climate control: Importance of biodiversity:: Change of land use: _______________
Answer: Depletion of biodiversity

Question 7. Invasion of foreign species: Destruction of local species: Industrialisation: _______________
Answer: Habitat destruction

Chapter 5 Importance Of Biodiversity Among The Four Concepts Given Three Of Them Belong To One Find That

Question 1. Biodiversity, Genetic diversity, Species diversity, Ecosystem diversity
Answer: Biodiversity

Question 2. India, China, Megadiversity countries, Brazil
Answer: Megadiversity Country

Question 3. Medicine production, Importance of biodiversity, Climate Control, Economic development
Answer: Importance of biodiversity

Question 4. Deforestation, Poaching, Pollution, Reason of depletion of biodiversity
Answer: Reason of depletion of biodiversity

Question 5. Change of land use, Climate change, Destruction of biodiversity, Invasion of foreign species
Answer: Destruction of Biodiversity

Question 6. Habitat destruction, Problems of Sundarbans, Immersion of island, Destruction of Mangrove forest
Answer: Problems of Sundarban