WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Life Science And Environment Chapter 1 Types Of Nervous System In Animals

Chapter 1 Types Of Nervous System Brain And Spinal Cord Reflex Action And Reflex Arc Summary

• The human nervous system can be divided into three divisions like—central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
• Cranial nerves arising from, the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord together form the peripheral nervous system. The autonomous nervous system is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
• The main portion of the brain is the cerebral cortex of the forebrain which controls intelligence, memory, auditory and visual sensations, speech, etc. The. thalamus of the forebrain recognises pain, touch, pressure, and heat.

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• Hypothalamus regulates the feeling of hunger and thirst. It also regulates the body temperature and is involved in emotional expression. The midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. The pons of the hindbrain contract and expands the heart.
• The Cerebellum of the hindbrain controls the body balance and body posture. Medulla oblongata controls breathing, sneezing, salivation, engulfing, etc. Spinal cord functions as the central control centre of the reflex action.
• Reflex actions are defined as the automatic response to any kind of stimulus carried out by the spinal cord and which is sudden and spontaneous. The nervous or neural pathway through which reflex action takes place is called a reflex arc.
• Sneezing, coughing, blinking of an eye, etc. are inborn reflex actions. Playing a musical instrument, and salivation at the sight of favourite food are examples of conditioned or acquired reflex action.
• These reflex actions have great importance in daily life.

Chapter 1 Nervous SystemLong Answer Type Questions

WBBSE Class 10 Nervous System Overview

Question 1. Classification of the human nervous system. Give a brief description of each type of nervous system.

Answer:

Classification of the human nervous system:

The human nervous system can be classified into three types.

These are

1. Central nervous system (CNS),
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and
3. Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Description of different nervous systems:

A brief description of different nervous systems are given below.

1. Central nervous system:

This type of nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. It is the main neural control centre of the human body.

This system controls ail intellectual activities of an individual and regulates the overall coordination of the body with any change in its internal and external environment.

2. Peripheral nervous system:

This type of nervous system is composed of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. This system coordinates the activities of the body by sensory and motor nerves connected with the central nervous system.

3. Autonomic nervous system:

This nervous system is composed of certain cranial and spinal nerves. Functionally, it is of two types—the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

This nervous system controls the functions of all visceral organs, glands and involuntary muscles.

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Question 2. Give a brief description of the central nervous system of humans.

Answer:

The central nervous system of humans:

The central nervous system of humans is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. A brief description of these two are mentioned below.

1. Brain:

The brain of a human is divisible into three main parts—forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

Forebrain:

The structural features of the forebrain is as follows—

1. Forebrain is composed of the cerebrum, rhinencephalon,* corpus striatum, thalamus and hypothalamus. The first three combine to form telencephalon and the last two combine to form diencephalon.
2. Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divisible into two identical hemispheres. These hemispheres are interconnected by a nerve bundle, called corpus callosum.
3. The outer portion of the cerebrum is composed of grey matter and the inner portion is made up of white matter. The grey outer portion is called the cerebral cortex.
4. Below the cerebrum an oval structure called the thalamus is present; which is also made up of grey matter.
5. Hypothalamus is the smallest part of the forebrain present below the thalamus. It is composed of both white and grey matter.

Midbrain:

This portion of the human brain is located between the forebrain and the hindbrain. It is made up of two portions—tectum and cerebral peduncle.

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Hindbrain:

This is the posteriormost portion of the human brain. It is composed of two parts— metencephalon and myelencephalon or medulla oblongata. Metencephalon has two parts— the cerebellum, and pons. Out of these, the cerebellum is the largest portion of the hindbrain.

2. Spinal cord:

The structural features of the spinal cord are as follows—

1. It is a long tubular structure extending from the base of the medulla oblongata to the space between the first and second lumbar vertebrae through the neural canal of the vertebral column.
2. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge laterally from the spinal cord. It is divisible into five regions— cervical (8 pairs), thoracic (12 pairs), lumber (5 pairs), sacral (5 pairs) and coccygeal (1 pair).
3. The central canal of the spinal cord is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
4. The length of the spinal cord in healthy human adult males is about 45 cm and that of healthy adult females is about 42 cm.
5. The lower end of the spinal cord is tapering from which several fibrils grow.

Question 3. Mention the names, locations and functions of five different parts of the human brain in the form of a table.

Answer:

Names, locations and functions of five different parts of the human brain

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Question 4. Mention the location and functions of the following—

1. Midbrain,
2. Medulla oblongata.

Answer:

Midbrain or mesencephalon: The location and functions of the midbrain

Midbrain or mesencephalon Location:

Midbrain is located as a connective in between the forebrain and the hindbrain. It is a small area composed by the tectum and cerebral peduncle.

Midbrain or mesencephalon Functions:

The functions of the midbrain are as follows—

1. Midbrain coordinates the function of the forebrain and hindbrain.
2. The tectum portion of the midbrain acts as the reflex centre for vision and hearing.
3. The midbrain plays an important role to control body temperature.
4. It also helps to regulate muscle tension.
5. It coordinates the movement of voluntary muscles.

Medulla oblongata: The location and functions of medulla oblongata—

1. Medulla oblongata Location:

The Medulla oblongata is located below the pons and just above the spinal cord.

2. Medulla oblongata Functions:

The functions of medulla oblongata are as follows—

1. Medulla oblongata regulates breathing, contraction and relaxation of the heart, blood pressure, etc.
2. Controls salivation and vomiting.
3. Ninth to twelfth cranial nerves originate from this region.

Question 5. What is the reflex path? Name five Components of a reflex path and mention their functions.

Answer:

Reflex path:

The neural path, through which nerve impulse rotates to accomplish a reflex action, is known as the reflex path or reflex arc.

Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System

Components of the reflex path:

The reflex path has five components, which are mentioned below.

1. Receptor: The receptor generates a sensory nerve impulse in response of a stimulus.
2. Afferent neurone: This neurone carries sensory impulses from the receptor to the nerve centre.
3. Nerve centre: It is located in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Here, sensory impulse is converted into motor impulse and it is transferred from sensory neurone to motor neurone through inter-neurone.
4. Efferent neurone: It carries motor impulses from the nerve centre to the effector organ.
5. Effector: Muscles or glands are the effector organs, which show specific responses to specific stimuli.

 

Question 6. Briefly describe the functional activities of a simple reflex path or reflex arc with a common example. Similar question, Draw a diagram of a reflex arc and label the following parts:

1. Receptor,
2. Sensory nerve,
3. Nerve centre,
4. Motor nerve.

Answer:

Functional activities of a simple reflex arc:

If a thorn pricks our sole, we withdraw the foot at once. This is an example of a reflex action. The process of this reflex action occurs in the following way—

1. As the thorn pricks, the receptors in the skin below our soul sense the stimulus.
2. The receptors at once, generate a sensory impulse and sensory or afferent neurone (afferent nerve) carries it to the spinal cord (nerve centre).
3. Immediately, the sensory impulse is modified into a motor impulse and sensory or afferent neurone (afferent nerve) carries it to the spinal cord (nerve centre).
4. Immediately, the sensory impulse is modified into a motor impulse and it is conveyed to the motor or efferent neurone (efferent nerve) by an inter-neurone within the spinal cord.
5. The efferent neurone instantly carries the motor impulse to the leg muscles (effector).
6. The muscles of the leg act at once to lift the foot promptly to avert a deeper prick.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Chapter 1 Nervous System Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the central nervous system?

Answer:

The central nervous system:

The main controlling part of the nervous system, which is composed of the brain and spinal cord, is known as the central nervous system.

Question 2. What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer:

The peripheral nervous system:

The type of nervous system, which is composed of different cranial and spinal nerves, is known as the peripheral nervous system.

Question 3. What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer:

The autonomic nervous system:

The type of nervous system, which is composed of certain cranial and spinal nerves, which control tire involuntary activities of different visceral organs, is known as the autonomic nervous system. Visceral activities such as breathing, heartbeat, digestive processes, etc. are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 4. Write the parts of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Answer:

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 5. What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer:

The components of the peripheral nervous system:

The nerves emerging directly from the central nervous system constitute the peripheral nervous system. The components of this nervous system include 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of ’ ‘ nerves.

Types of Nervous Systems in Animals

Question 6. what is meant by the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer:

The sympathetic nervous system:

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is composed of thoracic and lumbar nerves to control the functions of different visceral organs during emergency conditions (fight or flight response), is called the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 7. What is meant by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer:

The parasympathetic nervous system:

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is composed of cranial and sacral nerves to control functions of different visceral organs during the state of rest or relaxation (rest and digest response), is called the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 8. What is the brain?

Answer:

Brain:

The brain is the largest and distended portion of the central nervous system, located at the anterior region of the spinal cord and remains protected within the skull. It controls all neural and intellectual activities and physiological functions in vertebrates.

Question 9. What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer:

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cerebral cortex:

The cerebral cortex is the thick and grey outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of cell bodies of neurones and acts as the controlling centre of memory, intelligence, thinking and all sensory activities.

Question 10. What is the thalamus?

Answer:

Thalamus:

Thalamus is a grey-coloured, paired oval structure, situated below the cerebral hemis¬pheres at two sides of the third ventricle and just above the midbrain. It acts as the relay centre or gatekeeper of the brain. It also senses pressure, pain, heat, etc.

Question 11. What is the hypothalamus?

Answer:

Hypothalamus:

Hypothalamus is the small portion of the forebrain located just below the thalamus and the third ventricle and acts as the controlling centre of temperature, hunger, thirst, emotions, etc.

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Question 12. What is the midbrain?

Answer:

Midbrain:

The midbrain or mesencephalon is the smallest part of the brain that connects the fore and hindbrain. This segment of the human brain is composed of two parts—the tectum and the cerebral peduncle.

Question 13. What is pons?

Answer:

Pons:

Pons is the part of the hindbrain, located below the midbrain at the ventral side of the fourth ventricle and above the medulla oblongata. It acts as a bridge between the midbrain and medulla oblongata.

Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Question 14. What is medulla oblongata?

Answer:

Medulla oblongata:

Medulla oblongata is the posteriormost portion of the brain, located below the pons and at the apex of the spinal cord. It acts as a control centre for sneezing, coughing, salivation, engulfing, vomiting, etc.

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Question 15. What is the cerebellum?

Answer:

Cerebellum:

Cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain, located at the dorsal side of the fourth ventricle which plays a major role in controlling the body’s balance and coordinating muscular activities.

Question 16. Mention two functions of the cerebral cortex.

Answer:

Two functions of the cerebral cortex are as follows

1. It acts as the controlling centre of memory, intelligence, analysing capacity, power of thinking, etc.
2. It also helps to control the sense of vision, smell, taste, heat, cold, touch, pain, etc.

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Question 17. Mention two functions of the thalamus.

Answer:

Two functions of the thalamus are as follows

1. It acts as the relay station for impulses travelling to and from the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
2. It sends different sensory impulses to the concerned reception centres of the cerebral cortex.

Question 18. Mention two functions of the hypothalamus.

Answer:

Two functions of the hypothalamus are as follows

1. It controls hunger, thirst, sleep, mental stress, body temperature, consciousness, etc.
2. It also controls the secretion of different hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 19. Mention two functions of the midbrain.

Answer:

Two functions of the midbrain are as follows—

1. It helps to coordinate the functions of the forebrain and hindbrain.
2. It also controls muscle contraction and maintains the equilibrium of the body.

Question 20. Mention two functions of the pons.

Answer:

Two functions of the pons are as follows

1. It controls facial expression, urination, breathing, and movement of the jaw and eyeballs.
2. It also maintains functional coordination between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

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Question 21. Mention two functions of the cerebellum.

Answer:

Two functions of the cerebellum are as follows—

1. It maintains body balance and posture.
2. It regulates the voluntary movement of body parts.

Question 22. What is the corpus callosum?

Answer:

The corpus callosum:

There is a thick bundle of nerves that transversely connects the two hemispheres of the brain. This bundle of nerves of cerebrum is known as the corpus callosum.

Question 23. What is the spinal cord?

Answer:

Spinal cord:

The spinal cord is the continuation of the medulla oblongata. It is a tubular, neural structure that extends through the neural canal of the vertebral column from the base of the medulla oblongata to a first or second lumbar vertebra and acts as the controlling centre for reflex action.

Question 24. Mention any two functions of spinal cord.

Answer:

Two functions of the spinal cord are as follows

The spinal cord acts as the controlling centre for reflex action.

It conducts sensory and motor information between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.

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Question 25. Mention the location of the meninges.

Answer:

Meninges Location:

Meninges is located just outside the brain and spinal cord as a membranous outer covering.

Meninges  Functions:

The functions of meninges are as follows

1. Meninges protects the central nervous system from injury and infection.
2. Capillaries of the meninges supply blood to the skull and cerebral cortex.

Question 26. What is CSF?

Answer:

CSF:

A transparent and slightly alkaline fluid is present in the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, sub-dural and sub-arachnoid space of the meninges. This is called CSF or cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 27. Mention the location of CSF.

Answer:

The location of CSF:

CSF or cerebrospinal fluid is present in the four ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the sub-dural and sub-arachnoid space of the meninges.

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Question 28. Mention the functions of CSF.

Answer:

The functions of CSF or cerebrospinal fluid are as follows

1. CSF supplies nutrients and oxygen to the neural cells of the central nervous system.
2. It also acts as a cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord against external shocks and pressure.

Structure of Neurons in Different Animals

Question 29. Mention the differences between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Answer:

Differences between cerebrum and cerebellum—

Question 30. What is reflex action?

Answer:

Reflex action:

The spontaneous, instantaneous and involuntary response to any external or internal stimulus is known as a reflex action. It is under the control of the spinal cord.

Question 31. What is meant by innate reflex actions?

Answer:

 Innate reflex actions:

The reflexes, which are inborn, not regulated consciously and are not conditioned through any regular activities, are called innate reflex actions.

Example: The building urge of a newborn baby, blinking of an eye.

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Question 32. What is meant by acquired reflex actions?

Answer:

Acquired reflex actions:

Certain reflexes can be acquired by continuous practice or from experience. These are called acquired reflex actions.

Examples: Cycling, swimming, etc.

Question 33. Mention two salient features of innate reflex.

Answer:

Two salient features of innate reflex are as follows

1. This reflex is independent of any condition and it does not need any past experience.
2. This reflex is acquired by birth through generations.

Question 34. Mention two sailent features of acquried reflex.

Answer:

Two salient features of acquired reflex are as follows

1. This reflex is acquired by prolonged practice or through past experience.
2. This reflex may be lost partially or completely due to lack of practice.

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Question 35. Categorize the following actions as natural or acquired reflex actions. Willingness of infants for breastfeeding, cycling, sneezing, and catching the ball by wicketkeeper with swiftness.

Answer:

1. Natural reflex action: Willingness of infants for breastfeeding, sneezing.
2. Acquired reflex action: Cycling, catching the ball by wicketkeeper with swiftness.

Question 36. Reflex actions occur when the following incidents happen in the everyday life of humans. Write the importance of these two reflex actions:

1. When food particles enter into the trachea
2. When foreign particles enter inside the nasal cavity.

Answer:

1. When food particles enter into the trachea, coughing occurs. Through coughing, the food particles are expelled out of the trachea along with pulmonary air.
2. When foreign particles enter inside the nasal cavity, sneezing occurs. Sneezing helps to expel the foreign particle from th6 nasal cavity.

Question 37. What is meant by intermediate neurone or connecting neurone or relay neurone?

Answer:

Intermediate neurone:

The specialised type of neurone, present in the central nervous system, that* interconnects sensory and motor neurones, is known as intermediate neurone or connecting neurone or relay neurone.

Question 38. Mention the differences between innate reflex and acquired reflex.

Answer:

Differences between innate reflex and acquired reflex are

Chapter 1 Nervous System Very Short Answer Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions And Answers [Mcq]

Question 1. The part of the human brain associated with controlling body temperature is—

1. Thalamus
2. Cerebellum
3. Hypothalamus
4. Medulla, oblongata

Answer: 3. Hypothalamus

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Question 2. Which one of the following is the correct reflex arc?

1. Receptor→Effector→Efferent nerve→ Nerve centre→Afferent njerve
2. Nerve centre→Receptor→Afferent nerve→Effector→Efferent nerve
3. Efferent nerve → Receptor → Afferent nerve → Nerve centre → Effector
4. Receptor→ Afferent nerve →Nerve centre → Efferent nerve → Effector

Answer: 4. Receptor → Afferent nerve → Nerve centre → Efferent nerve → Effector

Question 3. Determine the number of cranial nerves in the human body—

1. 10 pairs
2. 31 pairs
3. 12 pairs
4. 21 pairs

Answer: 3. 12 pairs

Question 4. Select the correct pair

1. Cerebrum—Maintenance of balance of the body
2. Hypothalamus—Control of intelligence and emotion
3. Cerebellum—Control of body temperature
4. Medulla oblongata—Control of heartbeat and swallowing of food

Answer: 4. Medulla oblongata—Control of heartbeat and swallowing of food

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Question 5. An example of a conditioned reflex is—

1. Approaching of goldfish towards the front wall of the aquarium (for collecting food) by viewing any man in front
2. Quick withdrawal of hand on touching any hot object
3. Suckling of milk by a baby
4. Watering of the eye while chopping an onion

Answer: 1. Approaching of goldfish towards the front wall of the aquarium (for collecting food) by viewing any man in front

Question 6. Cycling is a type of—

1. Innate reflex
2. Inborn reflex
3. Brain activity
4. Acquired reflex

Answer: 4. Acquired reflex

Question 7. Cerebrum is part of—

1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
4. Spinal cord

Answer: 1. Forebrain

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Question 8. The number of spinal nerves in man is—

1. 10 pairs
2. 12 pairs
3. 31 pairs
4. 33 pairs

Answer: 3. 31 pairs

Question 9. The relay centre of the nervous system is—

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Cerebrum
4. Cerebellum

Answer: 1. Thalamus

Question 10. The length of the human spinal cord is about—

1. 45 cm
2. 4.5 cm
3. 45 m
4. 4.5 m

Answer: 1. 45 cm

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Question 11. Which of the following is the controlling organ of reflex action?

1. Brain
2. Nerve ganglion
3. Neuroglia
4. Spinal cord

Answer: 4. Spinal cord

Question 12. The portion of central holds CSF is—

1. Ventricles of brain
2. The central canal of the spinal cord
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neurone

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Question 13. The outermost covering of the central nervous system is called—

1. Pleura
2. Pericardium
3. Peritoneum
4. Meninges

Answer: 4. Meninges

Question 14. Which of the following is not a part of meninges?

1. Dura mater
2. Grey matter
3. Arachnoid mater
4. Pia mater

Answer: 2. Grey matter

Question 15. Which of the following is not a part of the hindbrain?

1. Pons
2. Cerebellum
3. Tectum
4. Medulla oblongata

Answer: 3. Tectum

Question 16. Corpus callosum is present in—

1. Cerebrum
2. Medulla oblongata
3. Cerebellum
4. Midbrain

Answer: 1. Cerebrum

Question 17. The mass of the spinal cord of a healthy adult man is about—

1. 15 gram
2. 35 grain
3. 75 gram
4. 95 gram

Answer: 2. 35 grain

Question 18. The smallest part of the brain is—

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Optic lobe
4. Midbrain

Answer: 4. Midbrain

Question 19. The quantity of cerebrospinal fluid present in a healthy adult human being is—

1. 100 ml
2. 150 ml
3. 200 ml
4. 250 ml

Answer: 2. 150 ml

Question 20. The number of ventricles in the human brain is

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Answer: 3. 4

Question 21. The mass of adult human cerebellum is about—

1. 150 gm
2. 250 gm
3. 350 gm
4. 450 gm

Answer: 1. 150 gm

Question 22. Which one is controlled by the cerebrum?

1. Memory
2. Heartbeat
3. Eyelid movement
4. Body Balance

Answer: 1. Memory

Question 23. Which part of the human brain regulates the body balance?

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Thalamus
4. Hypothalamus

Answer: 2. Cerebellum

Question 24. The outermost layer of the meninges is—

1. Pia mater
2. Dura mater
3. Arachnoid mater
4. Grey mater

Answer: 2. Dura mater

Question 25. Which of the following is absent in the central nervous system?

1. Neurilemma
2. Axon
3. Axial filament
4. Cyton

Answer: 3. Axial filament

Question 26. Which of the following is developed from myelencephalon?

1. Cerebellum
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Thalamus

Answer: 3. Medulla oblongata

Question 27. The cavities inside the human brain are called—

1. Auricles
2. Central canals
3. Ventricles
4. Cranium

Answer: 3. Ventricles

Question 28. Which of the following is part of the hindbrain?

1. Diencephalon
2. Metencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Telencephalon

Answer: 2. Metencephalon

Question 29. Which of the following is a part of the midbrain?

1. Telencephalon
2. Metencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Myelencephalon

Answer: 3. Mesencephalon

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Question 30. Which of the following is a part of the forebrain?

1. Telencephalon
2. Metencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Myelencephalon

Answer: 1. Telencephalon

Question 31. The largest portion of the forebrain is called—

1. Cerebellum
2. Cerebrum
3. Thalamus
4. Hypothalamus

Answer: 2. Cerebrum

Question 32. The tube inside the spinal cord is called—

1. Ventricle
2. Central canal
3. Auricle
4. Fallopian tube

Answer: 2. Central canal

Question 33. The fluid present in the central canal is called—

1. Lymph
2. Cerebrospinal fluid
3. Neurohumour
4. Serum

Answer: 2. Cerebrospinal fluid

Chapter 1 Nervous System Answer In A Single Word Or Sentence

Question 1. Which portions of the human brain contain white matter and grey matter?
Answer: The outer portion of the human brain contains white matter and the inner portion is composed of grey matter.

Question 2. What are the gyrus and sulcus?
Answer: Cerebral cortex of the human brain has many folds and grooves. Each outward fold is called gyrus (plural—gyri) and each inward groove is called sulcus (plural—sulci).

Question 3. Which fluid is present inside the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord?
Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4. Name the three-layered outer covering of the brain.
Answer: Meninges

Role of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Question 5. Who was the first to suggest the concept of reflex action?
Answer: Ivan Pavlov

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Question 6. What is the full form of CNS?
Answer: Central Nervous System

Question 7. What is the full form of PNS?
Answer: Peripheral Nervous System

Question 8. What is the full form of ANS?
Answer: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 9. Which is the largest part of the human brain?
Answer: Cerebrum

Question 10. State the location of white matter and grey matter in the spinal cord.
Answer: In the spinal cord, grey matter is present inside and white matter remains surrounding it.

Question 11. Name the protective layer surrounding the central nervous system.
Answer: Meninges

Question 12. Which type of nervous system controls the activities of all visceral organs?
Answer: Autonomic nervous system

Question 13. Which part of the nervous system controls the reflex action?
Answer: Spinal cord

Question 14. Which type of nervous system is constituted of the nerves coming out of the brain and spinal cord?
Answer: Peripheral nervous system

Question 15. Name the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
Answer: Sub-dural space

Question 16. Name the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
Answer: Sub-arachnoid space

Common Disorders Related to the Nervous System

Question 17. Name the two main parts of the human brain.
Answer: Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 18. What is the cerebral peduncle?
Answer: Hie portion of human brain that connects thalamus with different parts of hindbrain and midbrain is called cerebral peduncle.

Question 19. Which is the longest nerve of the human body?
Answer: Sciatic nerve

Question 20. Which is the smallest cranial nerve?
Answer: Trochlear nerve

Question 21. Which part of the human brain is concerned with temperature regulation of the body?
Answer: Hypothalamus

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Question 22. Which are the main portions of the human brain?
Answer: Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 23. Which are the main two parts of the midbrain?
Answer: Cerebral peduncle and tectum

Question 24. Which are the two main portions of the hindbrain.
Answer: Metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 25. Which type of reflex is the suckling of milk by a baby?
Answer: Inborn or innate reflex

Question 26. What is vermis?
Answer: The fibrous connector of the two cerebellar hemispheres is called the vermis.

Question 27. Name the three main parts of the hindbrain.
Answer: Cerebellum, pons and medulla

Question 28. Which part of the hindbrain regulates sneezing, coughing and vomiting?
Answer: Medulla oblongata

Question 29. Site an example of reflex action in daily life.
Answer: One example of reflex action in daily life is— the eyelids close, at once, when a sudden bright light or any object, like dust particles enters the eye.

Chapter 1 Nervous System Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. There are _________ pairs of cranial nerves in the human body.
Answer: 12

Question 2. The outer region of the cerebrum is called _________.
Answer: Reflex arc

Question 3. The brain of vertebrates remains protected inside the _________.
Answer: Skull

Question 4. The reflexes achieved by birth are called _________ reflex.
Answer: Innate

Question 5. The peripheral nervous system is composed of all the _________ emerging from the central nervous system.
Answer: Nerves

Question 6. The folds of the cerebrum are called _________.
Answer: Gyri

Question 7. The momentary involuntary actions in response to sensory stimulus, controlled by the spinal cord is called _________ action.
Answer: Reflex

Question 8. The outer region of the cerebrum is called _________.
Answer: Cerebral cortex

Question 9. The higher mental activities are controlled by the _________ of the human brain.
Answer: Cerebrum

Question 10. The largest part of the brain is _________.
Answer: Cerebrum

Question 11. _________ region of brain control body balance.
Answer: Cerebellum

Question 12. The two hemispheres of the cerebellum are connected by _________.
Answer: Vermis

Chapter 1 Nervous System State True Or False

Question 1. Supporting neurones are found only in the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: False

Question 2. The central nervous system controls the muscular activities of visceral organs.
Answer: False

Question 3. Midbrain is composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Answer: False

Question 4. The outer coating of the brain and spinal cord is the meninges.
Answer: True

Question 5. The terminal part of the brain is the medulla oblongata.
Answer: True

Question 6. The urge of suckling just after birth is an acquired reflex.
Answer: False

Question 7. Grey matter is present on the outer side of the brain and spinal cord.
Answer: False

Question 8. Coughing is an acquired reflex.
Answer: False

Question 9. Hypothalamus helps to maintain body balance inhuman.
Answer: False

Chapter 1 Nervous System Match The Columns

Question 1.

Answer: 1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. C,5. G, 6. F

Question 2.

Answer: 1. C, 2. F, 3. A, 4. B,5. D, 6. E

Chapter 1 Nervous System Finds the Odd One Out

Question 1. Vagus nerve, Facial nerve, Glossopharyngeal nerve, Optic nerve
Answer: Optic nerve

Question 2. Swimming, Cycling ability, Hand-eye co-ordination during cricket batting, Sneezing
Answer: Sneezing

Question 3. Intelligence, Vision, Body Balance, Memory
Answer: Body balance

Question 4. Pons, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Medulla
Answer: Cerebrum

Question 5. Filum terminale, Conas medullaris, Central canal, Brain
Answer: Brain

Question 6. Glossopharyngeal, Oculomotor, Trigeminal, Oxytocin
Answer: Oxytocin

Question 7. Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Pons, Thalamus
Answer: Pons

Chapter 1 Nervous System Fill In The Blanks By Looking At The First Pair

Question 1. The suckling ability of newborn baby: Innate reflex:: Swimming ability: _______.
Answer: Conditioned reflex

Question 2. Spinal cord: Central nervous system:: Spinal nerve: _______
Answer: Peripheral nervous system

Question 3. Telencephalon: Forebrain:: Metencephalon: _______
Answer: Hindbrain

Question 4. Human cranial nerves: 12 pairs:: Human spinal nerves: _______
Answer: 31 pairs

Question 5. Corpus. callosum: Cerebrum :: Vermis: _______
Answer: Cerebellum

Question 6. Breathing control : Pons:: Body balance: _______
Answer: Cerebellum

Chapter 1 Nervous System Among The Four Concepts Given, Three Of Them Belong To One Find That

Question 1. Brain, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Pons
Answer: Brain

Question 2. Thalamus, Cerebral cortex, Forebrain, Hypothalamus
Answer: Forebrain

Question 3. Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata, Hind brain
Answer: Hind brain

Question 4. Brain, Nervous system, Spinal cord, Cranial nerve
Answer: Nervous system

Question 5. Duramater, Piamater, Arachnoid mater, Meninges
Answer: Meninges

Question 6. Reflex arc, Sensory neurone, Motor neurone, Adjuster neurone
Answer: Reflex arc

Question 7. Control of reflex action, Control of breathing Function of the medulla oblongata, Regulation of heartbeat
Answer: Function of the medulla oblongata

Question 8. Suckling of milk, Digestive reflex, Innate reflex action, Contraction of a pupil under bright light
Answer: Innate reflex action