WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Life Science And Environment Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co Ordination In Animals Hormones

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Summary

WBBSE Class 10 Hormones Overview

• Hormones coordinate between different functions in animals. One hormone control the secretion of another hormone called feedback regulation. Increase or decrease secretion of regulator hormone results in increase or decrease of the hormone regulated by it.
• The main endocrine glands or structure-secreting hormones are—the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes and ovary. The secretion of the pituitary control the secretion of other glands and so it is called the ‘Master gland’. The pituitary has two lobes.
• Hormones of the anterior pituitary like ACTH control the secretion of the adrenal gland, TSH controls the secretion of the thyroid, GH controls the growth and the GTH controls the secretion of the gonad and development of the body.
• The posterior pituitary secretes ADH or vasopressin which regulates the water balance and oxytocin helps in childbirth. Hormones from the hypothalamus like CRH regulates the secretion of ACTH, GHRH regulates the secretion of GH, TRH controls the secretion of TSH and GnRH regulates the release of GTH.
• Hypothalamus controls the pituitary and is thus called the ‘Master of master gland’. T₃ and  T₄ or thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland and control the metabolism. Thyroxine is also known as a calorigenic hormone.
• Pancreas is a mixed gland releasing pancreatic juice and hormone. Cells of the islets of Langerhans release insulin and glucagon. Insulin decreases blood sugar whereas glucagon increases it.
• Due to the presence of the adrenal gland above the kidney, it is also known as the suprarenal gland. The medulla of adrenal gland secretes the emergency hormone adrenaline. The gonad of males is the testes and ovary in females. Testes secrete male .
• The sex hormone testosterone and ovary secrete oestrogen. The less secretion of hormone cause disease like—low GH or STH cause dwarfism, low insulin cause diabetes Mellitus, ADH cause diabetes incipidus, low thyroxine cause goiter.

 

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Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. State the salient features of animal hormones.

Answer:

Salient features of animal hormones:

The salient features of animal hormones are as follows—

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

1. Source:

Animal hormones are secreted from ductless of endocrine glands. Some hormones are released from the cluster of secretory cells (present in the inner lining of the stomach and intestine, etc.).

2. Chemical nature:

Animal hormones are proteins, peptides, glycoproteins or steroids in nature.

3. Transportation:

Hormones are transported from their source to the respective target organs through blood, lymph or other body fluids.

4. Function and fate:

Hormones act upon specific glands or tissues to regulate their secretory, biological and physiological activities. After accomplishing the job, hormones denature at once.

5. Messenger activity:

Hormones can chemical messages from their source to target organs; hence, these are called ‘chemical messengers.

6. Control mechanism:

In most of cases, the secretion of the endocrine gland is controlled by the secretion ‘ of other glands which is regulated by the secretion of the endocrine gland itself. This is known as a feedback mechanism.

Therefore, the quantity of secretion of a controlling gland varies with the rate of secretion from the other endocrine glands as well as by its own secretion.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 2. What is meant by feedback control? Explain

Answer:

Feedback control:

The hormonal control system, where the secretion of an endocrine gland regulates the secretion of another endocrine gland, is called feedback control.

In a hormonal feedback control system, hypo or hypersecretion of any hormone respectively increases or decreases the secretion from the regulator gland.

Explanation of feedback control:

If T₄ and T₃ level increases in the blood, it sends a negative signal to the hypothalamus. At once the synthesis and secretion of TRH or Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone drops significantly.

As a result, secretion of TSH from thyrotrophin cells of the pituitary reduces. With the decrease in TSH level, follicles of the thyroid gland reduce the production and release of T₄ and T₃.

Therefore, T₄ and T₃ level comes back to normal. This is an example of negative feedback. If T₄ and T₃ level decreases in blood, the hypothalamus gets the positive signal and increases TRI-I secretion. This change stimulates the pituitary to release excess ISH.

As the TSH level increases in the blood, the thyroid gland starts to synthesise extra T₄ and T₃. Soon, deficiency of T₄ and T₃ is replenished in the blood. This mechanism is called the positive feedback.

Functions of Hormones in Animal Coordination

Question 3. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands. Mention the differences between plant hormones and animal hormones.

Answer:

Distinguishing features between endocrine and exocrine glands

Differences between plant hormones and animal hormone

 

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 4. Describe the location of different endocrine glands in the human body.

Answer:

Location of different endocrine glands in the human body:

The location of different endocrine glands in the human body are mentioned below.

1. Pineal gland:

It is situated at the dorsal side of the third cerebral ventricle in the diencephalon region of the forebrain.

2. Pituitary gland:

Remains attached to the hypothalamus of diencephalon of the forebrain with a stalk, called the hypophysial stalk or infundibulum. It remains protected in a small cavity of the sphenoid bone of the skull, called sella turcica.

3. Thyroid gland:

Placed at the ventral side of the junction of the larynx and trachea. It has two lobes connected by an isthmus.

 

4. Parathyroid gland:

Located at the base of the neck. It has four lobes, placed at the dorsal side of the thyroid gland.

5. Pancreas gland:

This gland is located transversely just below the stomach.

6. Adrenal gland:

This gland is two in number, each placed on the top of a kidney inside the abdominal cavity.

7. Ovary:

It is also two in number, placed at two sides of the uterus inside the lower abdominal cavity of a woman.

8. Testis:

This is also two in number. Two spermatic cords hold the two testes inside a sac-like structure, called the scrotum, outside the lower abdomen of a man.

Question 5. Mention the names of five hypothalamic hormones and state their functions.

Answer:

Hypothalamic hormones:

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Different hormones are released from the hypothalamus to stimulate specific hormone-producing cells of the pituitary gland.

Five of these are—

1. GHRH or Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone.
2. GnRH or Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone.
3. PRH or Prolactin Releasing Hormone.
4. TRH or thyrotropin-releasing Releasing Hormones and
5. CRH or Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone.

Functions of hypothalamic hormones:

The functions of the hypothalamic hormones are as follows—

1. GHRH:

It controls the secretion of growth hormone from somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary.

2. GnRH:

It controls the release of gonadotropic hormone from gonadotroph cells of the anterior pituitary.

3. PRH:

It controls the release of prolactin from lactotroph cells of anterior pituitary.

4. TRH:

It controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from thyrotroph cells of anterior, pituitary.

5. CRH:

It controls the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from corticotroph cells of anterior pituitary.

Question 6. Mention the site of secretion of STH. Mention its functions.

Answer:

Site of secretion of STH:

Somatotropic hormone or STH, which is also known as growth hormone or GH, is secreted from somatotropic cells of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland.

Functions of STH:

1. Somatotropic hormone controls the normal growth of the body. It regulates the growth and development of bones, cartilage and muscles to provide a normal size and shape to the body.
2. This hormone helps in the growth of liver and kidney.
3. STH plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
4. In case of hypersecretion of STH in young age, the body becomes abnormally huge. This is called gigantism.
5. If STH secretion increases abruptly in adults, the facial bones become abnormally big, resulting into a huge gorilla-like face. This is called acromegaly.
6. Hyposecretion of STH in childhood results in stunted growth of the body. The affected individual becomes very short-heighted. This is called dwarfism.

Question 7. What is dwarfism? State the symptoms of dwarfism.

Answer:

Dwarfism:

Insufficient secretion, i.e. hyposecretion of STH or GH in childhood causes stunted growth. This abnormality in growth is known as dwarfism.

 

 

Symptoms of dwarfism:

1. In dwarfism, the normal growth of the body is stunted. The growth of bones and skeletal muscles are hampered.
2. The average height of an adult individual remains within 3 ft or 85 cm.
3. The visceral organs also remain proportionately small.
4. The growth, development and functions of gonads are also hampered.
5. Expression of secondary sex characters is delayed.

Types of Hormones in Animals

Question 8. Name the GTHs secreted from pituitary and mention their functions. Part question, Write two roles of GTH in the secretion of hormone from the reproductive glands in human body.

Answer:

Name of GTHs:

GTHs or gonadotropic hormones secreted from anterior pituitary are—

1. FSH or Follicle Stimulating Hormone,
2. LH or Luteinising Hormone (in female),
3. ICSH or Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (in male). Besides these, LTH or luteotropic hormone or prolactin may also be treated as GTH. However, it is a separate hormone known as lactotropin, which is active only in females.

Functions of GTHs:

The functions of GTHs are as follows—

1. FSH or Follicle Stimulating Hormone:

1. This hormone helps in the development of ovarian follicles in the ovary and the secretion of oestrogen in females.
2. In males, it regulates the spermatogenesis process.

2. LH or Luteinising Hormone:

1. It helps in the ovulation from matured ovarian follicles and the formation of the corpus luteum.
2. It controls die secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum.

3. ICSH or Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone:

It stimulates the interstitial cells of Leydig to release testosterone.

4. LTH or Luteotropic Hormone or Prolactin:

1. It stimulates the mammary glands to produce and secrete milk.
2. This hormone keeps the corpus luteum intact during pregnancy and maintains the secretion of progesterone from it.

Question 9. Mention the functions of TSH. Name the disease caused due to hypersecretion of thyroxine and mention its symptoms.

Answer:

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Functions of TSH:

1. This hormone is essential for regulating the growth and normal functioning of thyroid gland.
2. TSH controls the secretion of T4 and T3 hormones from thyroid gland.
3. Hypersecretion of this hormone causes enlargement of thyroid gland.
4. Hyposecretion of TSH reduces thyroxine secretion from thyroid gland.

 

Disease caused due to hypersecretion of thyroxine:

The disease, which is caused by the excessive secretion or hypersecretion of thyroxine hormone, is known as exophthalmic goitre.

Symptoms of hypersecretion of thyroxine:

1. Enlargement of thyroid gland.
2. Bulging of an eye.
3. Increase in basal metabolic rate and rise in body temperature.
4. Increase in heart rate.
5. Insomnia and irritated temper.
6. Sudden emotional outbreak.

Question 10. Mention the functions of thyroxine.

Answer:

Functions of thyroxine:

1. The main functions of thyroxine are to control the physical growth, mental maturity, sexual maturity, and metabolic activities of an individual.
2. This hormone boosts the supply of oxygen in the tissues to increase the oxidation of carbohydrates. By this process, more heat generates inside the body. Hence, it is called the calorigenic hormone.
3. Thyroxine increases the BMR.
4. It enhances glucose uptake from intestine and increases blood sugar levels.
5. This hormone plays a role in the maturation of RBC.
6. Thyroxine can amplify heart rate and blood pressure.
7. It plays an important role in the metamorphosis of tadpole larva.
8. This hormone helps in secretion of mammary gland.
9. It has some role in growth and development of the central nervous system.
10. Hyposecretion of thyroxine results in exophthalmic goitre. Hyposecretion of thyroxine results in cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults.

 

 

Question 11. Mention the functions of insulin.

Answer:

Functions of insulin:

1. Insulin regulates the blood sugar level.
2. It initiates glycogenesis to transform glucose into glycogen within the liver.
3. When needed, insulin helps in the oxidation of glucose in tissues.
4. It hinders the transformation of glycogen into glucose (i.e. glycogenolysis).
5. It helps in glucose uptake by cells.
6. Insulin helps in glycolysis to form pyruvic acid from glucose.
7. It prevents the transformation of glucose from protein and lipids (i.e. gluconeogenesis).
8. Its hyposecretion results in increased blood glucose levels (i.e. diabetes mellitus).

Question 12. Mention the functions of glucagon. Mention the difference between insulin and glucagon.

Answer:

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Functions of glucagon:

1. Glucagon and insulin act jointly to keep the blood sugar level constant.
2. In case of a decrease in blood glucose level, glucagon instigates the breaking of glycogen in the liver to replenish it. Glucagon
   never acts upon muscle glycogen.
3. If the blood sugar level drops below normal, glycogen stimulates gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from protein and lipids.
4. It reduces the oxidation of glucose in tissues and increases the breaking of fat.

Differences between insulin and glucagon

 

Question 13. Name the hormones secreted from the adrenal gland. Why is adrenaline called an ‘emergency hormone’?

Answer:

Hormones secreted from the adrenal gland:

The adrenal gland has two distinct regions—the cortex and the medulla. The hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex are—

1. Glucocorticoid,
2. Mineralocorticoid and
3. Sex steroid.

 

 

From the adrenal medulla two other hormones are released—

1. Adrenaline and
2. Nor-adrenaline.

Cause of adrenaline being called as ’emergency hormone’:

Adrenaline is released in small quantities during normal conditions but in case of any emergency, such as anxitey, excitement, emotional stress, anger, fear, etc. adrenaline secretion increases.

This hormone hastens up different physiological and metabolic activities, such as heartbeat, blood pressure, etc., to make the body and mind ready to take over the state of emergency. However, the action of this hormone is short lasting.

As the state of emergency is over, the adrenaline level comes down and the body and mind return to a normal stable state. This is the reason adrenaline is called an ’emergency hormone’.

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Question 14. Mention the functions of adrenaline.

Answer:

Functions of adrenaline:

1. Adrenaline increases heart rate, cardiac output and blood pressure.
2. It adds up glucose in blood and increases basal metabolic rate.
3. This hormone widens bronchial diameter to enhance the inspiratory capacity and breathing rate.
4. Adrenaline helps in the dilation of pupil.
5. In sudden panic, this hormone increases sweating and makes the body hair to stand erect.
6. In case of anger, excitement, fear, etc., the level of adrenaline increases and makes the body ready to cope up with the situation. Therefore, this hormone is known as an ’emergency hormone’

Question 15. Compare among thyroxine, insulin and adrenaline.

Answer:

Comparison among thyroxine, insulin and adrenaline

 

Question 16. Distinguish between TSH and thyroxine. Write the differences between oestrogen and testosterone.

Answer:

Distinguishing features between TSH and thyroxine

Differences between oestrogen and testosterone

Endocrine Glands and Their Functions

Question 17. Mention the functions of oestrogen.

Answer:

Functions of oestrogen:

the functions of the oestrogen hormone are as follows—

1. Development of secondary sexual characters:

Oestrogen regulates development of breasts, c sti million of hair in axilla and pubis—in women, It also regulates the lustre of skin, the growth of hair, the distribution of fat in breasts, shoulder, hips and thigh, shaping of larynx for soft womanly voice, etc.

2. Growth and development of accessory sex organs:

Oestrogen controls the growth and development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina. It helps in the widening of the pelvis.

3. Development of ovary and regulation ovulation:

This hormone regulates the growth and development ol the ovary, the maturation of the ovum and the ovulation process.

4. Regulation of menstrual cycle:

Oestrogen with the help of other hormones regulates the normal rotation of the menstrual cycle.

5. Bone formation:

In females, oestrogen increases calcium uptake by bones from the blood. Therefore after menopause, bone density reduces due to a lack of calcium which results due to the deficiency of oestrogen.

6. Controlling metabolism:

Oestrogen increases synthesis of fat and protein and the deposition of fat below the skin in the lower portion of the body to provide the body a feminine shape.

Question 18. Mention the functions of progesterone.

Answer:

Functions of progesterone:

The functions of the progesterone hormone are as follows—

1. Development of the uterus:

Progesterone and oestrogen jointly help in the development of the uterus.

2. Implantation:

Progesterone helps in the implantation of early embryos in the uterine wall.

3. Embryogenesis:

After implantation, progesterone helps in further embryonic development. The hormone also helps on the formation of the placenta occurs.

4. Maintaining pregnancy:

Progesterone assists in maintaining pregnancy, growth and nutrition of the foetus.

5. Growth of mammary gland:

Oestrogen and progesterone jointly help in the growth of mammary glands during pregnancy. In this phase, the follicles of milk glands and tubules develop quickly.

6. Effect on ovary:

During pregnancy, excess progesterone is secreted from the placenta to reduce the secretion of FSH and LI-1, so that, ovulation and the menstrual cycle stop.

7. Regulation of menstrual cycle:

Progesterone along with other hormones regulates the normal functioning of the menstrual cycle.

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Question 19. Mention the functions of testosterone.

Answer;

Functions of testosterone:

The functions of testosterone are as follows—

1. Maturation of testes and spermatogenesis:

Testosterone helps in the maturation of testes during adolescence In sexually matured males, this hormone regulates the male gamete formation or spermatogenesis.

2. Development of accessory male sex organs:

Testosterone controls the growth and development of different accessory male sex organs and glands.

3. Development of secondary sexual characters:

By the action of this hormone, an adolescent male develops masculine musculature, a husky voice, beard and moustache, axillary and pubic hair, etc.

4. Growth of muscles and bones:

After adolescence, testosterone helps in the growth of skeletal muscles and bones by quickening protein synthesis in the concerned tissues.

5. Effect on metabolism:

Testosterone increases basal metabolic rate in males.

Question 20. Distinguish between diabetes Mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Mention the symptoms of both these diseases.

Answer:

Distinguishing features between diabetes Mellitus and diabetes insipidus:

Symptoms:

The symptoms of diabetes Mellitus and diabetes insipidus are as follows—

1. Diabetes meliitus:

1. Blood sugar level increases (normal blood sugar level is 80-120 mg/100 ml blood)
2. Glucose metabolism is hampered in the cells but protein and fat metabolism increases, which decreases body weight.
3. If the blood sugar level goes above 180 mg/100 ml of blood, glucose is excreted through urine. This is called glycosuria.
4. Patients develop an excessive desire for sweet food. They have dry mouths and thirst. All patients suffer from fatigue and become lethargic.

2. Diabetes insipidus:

1. Frequent urination. About of 24-30 litres of urine may be discharged per day.
2. Patients suffer from excessive thirst or polydipsia.

 

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Question 21. Distinguish between hormone and enzyme.

Answer:

Distinguishing features between hormone and enzyme

 

Question 22. Mention the similarities and dissimilarities of the action of the endocrine and nervous system.

Answer:

Similarities between the endocrine system and the nervous system:

Both hormones and nerves act as the medium of coordination in an animal body. Both of these systems helps to maintain homeostasis and are regulated by a feedback mechanism.

Dissimilarities between the endocrine system and nervous system:

Role of Hormones in Growth and Development

Question 23. Compare between adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.

Answer:

Comparison between adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What does endocrinology mean? What is meant by the endocrine system?

Answer:

Endocrinology:

The branch of science that deals with the study of different hormone-secreting glands, the hormones released and their corresponding functions is known as endocrinology.

Endocrine system:

The system of chemical co¬ordination, that operates in the animal body by a concerted activity of a number of hormonal glands and their respective hormones, is known as the endocrine system.

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Question 2. Mention the salient features of endocrine glands.

Answer:

The salient features of endocrine glands are as follows—

1. Endocrine glands are ductless.
2. The secretory materials of these glands are biologically active chemicals, which are called hormones.
3. These glands are highly vascularised so that secretory materials can directly diffuse into blood and lymph.

 

 

Question 3. Why are hormone glands called ductless glands?

Answer:

Hormone glands called ductless glands:

Hormone glands do not have any ducts to release their secretion. Hormones diffuse directly into the blood, lymph or other body fluids from their respective glands. That is why, hormone glands are called ductless glands.

Question 4. Why is hormone treated as a ‘chemical messenger’?

Answer:

Hormone treated as a ‘chemical messenger’:

The hormone is a biochemical fluid compound. Chemically, animal hormones are protein (or polypeptides), glycoproteins or steroids in nature.

Animal hormones mix directly into blood or lymph, which is then transported to reach different target organs like messengers to execute their respective functions. Due to these reasons, the hormone is treated as a ‘chemical messenger’.

Question 5. What does tropic hormone mean?

Answer:

Tropic hormone:

The hormone, which is secreted from its source gland to stimulate the secretion of one or few other glands or control the functions of specific tissues, is called the tropic hormone.

Example: ACTH is secreted from the pituitary gland but controls the secretion of the adrenal cortex.

Question 6. What is meant by local hormones?

Answer:

Local hormones:

The hormone, which acts on the site of its origin or close to that, is called the local hormone.

Example: Secretin, gastrin, etc. are some local hormones, which are produced in the stomach and act there locally.

Question 7. Why hypothalamus is called the the master gland’?

Answer:

The pituitary gland is called the ‘master gland’ but it is controlled by the hypothalamus of brain. Neurohormones from the hypothalamus come into the anterior portion of the pituitary to regulate the secretory activities of this gland.

For that reason, the hypothalamus is called the ‘master of the master gland.

Question 8. Name two hormones secreted from the hypothalamus that control the secretory activity of the anterior pituitary. Mention their functions.

Answer:

Name of hormones:

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) and Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) are two neurohormones secreted from hypothalamus to control the secretory functions of pituitary gland.

Functions CRH and TRH:

The functions of CRH and TRH are as follows—

1. CRH controls the secretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary.
2. TRH controls the secretion of TSFI from anterior pituitary.

Question 9. Name two hormones secreted from the hypothalamus that accumulate in the posterior pituitary. Mention their functions.

Answer:

Name of hormones:

ADH and oxytocin are two hormones secreted from the hypothalamus and accumulate in the posterior pituitary.

Functions ADH and oxytocin:

The functions of ADH and oxytocin are as follows—

1. ADH acts on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to increase the reabsorption of water.
2. Oxytocin regulates the involuntary contraction of the uterus to facilitate parturition.

Question 10. What are neurohormones?

Answer:

Neurohormones:

The hormones produced and secreted from die neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are called neurohormones.

Example: ADH, GHRH.

Question 11. Why is the pituitary treated as the ‘master gland’?

Answer:

The pituitary gland secretes various tropic hormones, like TSH, ACTH, GTII, etc., which specifically regulate the secretion of different other endocrine glands like the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, etc. and control the growth of tissues in the human body.

By this process, the pituitary organises the total endocrine system of the human body. Therefore, it is called the ‘master gland

 

Question 12. Name the hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary.

Answer:

The hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary are as follows—

1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
2. Somatotropic Hormone (STH),
3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),
4. Prolactin,
5. Gonadotropic Hormone (GTII).

Gonadotropic hormones are of three types—

1. Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH),
2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and
3. Luteinising Hormone (LEI).

Question 13. Mention the functions of ACTH.

Answer:

The functions of ACTH are as follows

1. It regulates the growth of the adrenal cortex.
2. It controls the synthesis and secretion of hormones like mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid, sex steroids from the adrenal cortex.
3. By regulating glucocorticoid secretion, it controls the rate of carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 14. Name the hormones secreted from the anterior and posterior pituitary and mention their target organs.

Answer:

The hormones secreted from anterior pituitary and their target organs are as follows—

1. ACTH—It works on adrenal gland,
2. TSH—It acts on thyroid gland,
3. STH or GH—Operates on bones and muscles,
4. GTH—It acts on gonads (testis or ovary),
5. LTH—It works on mammary glands.

The hormones secreted from posterior pituitary and their target organs are as follows—

1. ADH— It acts on renal tubules,
2. Oxytocin—It works on uterus.

 

 

Question 15. Write down the full name, site of secretion and function of ADH.

Answer:

1. Full Name: The full name of ADH is Antidiuretic Hormone.
2. Site of secretion: It is secreted from posterior pituitary.
3. Function: Increases the reabsorption of water in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of the renal tubule and decreases the amount of urine released.

Question 16. Mention the location of thyroid gland and name a hormone secreted from it.

Answer:

Location:

The thyroid gland is located in front of the junction of the larynx and trachea. It has two lateral lobes connected by a structure, called isthmus.

 

 

Hormone secreted:

A hormone, which is secreted from the thyroid gland, is thyroxine (T₄).

Question 17. Which hormone is called the ‘calorigenic hormone’ and why?

Answer:

The hormones, namely tetraiodothyronine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃), secreted from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland, are called calorigenic hormones.

These hormones increase the oxidation of carbohydrates for quick release of energy and in this process enhance the BMR. Hence, these hormones are called ‘calorigenic hormones’.

Question 18. What are the roles of thyroxine on circulatory system and BMR?

Answer:

Role on circulatory system:

Thyroxine increases the blood pressure and heartbeat rate. It also helps in the maturation of RBC.

Role on BMR:

Thyroxine increases the BMR and controls the growth of the body.

Question 19. Why is pancreas treated as a ‘mixed gland’?

Answer:

Pancreas is composed of both exocrine and endocrine glands. The exocrine part of the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, trypsin, etc.

Its endocrine portion produces hormones like insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. For this reasons, the pancreas is treated as a ‘mixed gland’.

 

 

Question 20. What is the role of insulin in fat metabolism?

Answer:

The role of insulin in fat metabolism:

Insulin converts glucose into fat. Insulin inhibits the enzyme lipase and prevents the oxidation of fat. As a result, hydrolysis of fat is prevented and fat accumulation is increased.

Question 21. Which two hormones are responsible for maintaining a constant blood sugar level? Mention their sources.

Answer:

Hormones that maintain blood sugar level:

Insulin and glucagon hormones are jointly responsible for maintaining the blood sugar level.

Source of insulin and glucagon:

The source of insulin are the cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas. The source of glucagon are tired a cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas.

 

 

Question 22. ‘Insulin and glucagon act opposite to each other’—Explain the statement.

Answer:

‘Insulin and glucagon act opposite to each other’:

If the blood sugar level increases, insulin lowers it down to normal. On the other hand, in case of an abnormal drop in blood sugar level, glucagon increases it to keep the tire level constant.

Thus, insulin and glucagon act opposite to each other to maintain a constant blood sugar level in any healthy individual.

Question 23. What is acromegaly?

Answer:

Acromegaly:

In case of hypersecretion of STH in adults, bones of the upper and lower jaw, nose, forehead, and fingers grow abnormally. As a result, the face appears like that of a gorilla. This abnormality is known as acromegaly.

 

 

Question 24. What do you mean by hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia?

Answer:

Hyperglycaemia:

The state of human health in case of an elevation of blood glucose level above 200 mg/100 ml of blood is known as hyperglycaemia.

Hypoglycemia:

The state of human health in case of a drop of blood sugar level below 70 mg/100 ml of blood is treated as hypoglycaemia.

Question 25. Which hormone is known as the ‘hyperglycaemic hormone’ and why?

Answer:

Glucagon, a polypeptide hormone, secreted from the a cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, is known as the ‘hyperglycaemic hormone’.

Glucagon hormone breaks down stored glycogen in liver cells into glucose by glycogenolysis and thereby, increases blood sugar level. For this reason, it is termed as hyperglycaemic hormone.

Question 26. Mention two opposite functions of adrenaline I and nor-adrenaline.

Answer:

Two opposite functions of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline are as follows—

1. Adrenaline increases cardiac output, i.e. the quantity of pumped-out blood from the heart, whereas nor-adrenaline reduces the same.
2. Adrenaline reduces diastolic pressure but nor-adrenaline increases it.

Question 27. Mention two similar functions of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.

Answer:

Two similar functions of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline are as follows—

1. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline increase systolic pressure.
2. Both adrenaline and nor-adrenaline increase the glucose level in the blood.

Question 28. Mention the functions of nor-adrenaline.

Answer:

The functions of nor-adrenaline are as follows—

1. It slightly increases the heart rate along with blood pressure.
2. Nor-adrenaline increases the release of free fatty acids and sugar in the blood.
3. It also increases the pulsation of arteries.

Question 29. Why is the ovary called a mixed gland?

Answer:

Ovary called a mixed gland:

Any gland that produces both hormones and enzymes is called a mixed gland. Ovary, for instance, produces hormones, such as oestrogen, progesterone, etc.(like endocrine glands) and an enzyme, named acid phosphatase (like exocrine glands). Thus, the ovary is called a mixed gland.

 

Common Hormonal Disorders in Animals

Question 30. What are the site of secretion of oestrogen?

Answer:

The site of secretion of oestrogen:

Oestrogen is released from the Graafian follicle of the ovary, the cortex region of the adrenal gland and from the placenta.

Question 31. What is androgen?

Answer:

Androgen:

The steroid hormone which controls the growth, masculinity and sexual characteristics of male, is called androgen,

Example: Testosterone.

Question 32. Why is testosterone called androgen?

Answer:

The word androgen is derived from’.from two Greek words andro’ which means ‘masculine’ and genesis, which means ‘beginning! Testosterone helps in the beginning of masculinity and arouses adolescent changes in males.

By the action of this hormone, a boy achieves matured gonads, a masculine physique, a cracked voice, male libido, etc., to become a full-grown man. For this reason, testosterone is called androgen.

Question 33. Secretion of hormones from the ovary and testes depends on which hormone?

Answer:

The hormones secreted from the ovary and testes and the hormones regulating their secretion are—

 

Question 34. ‘LH and ICSH control the section of hormones of reproductive glands of the human body’— judge the validity of the statement.

Answer:

‘LH and ICSH control the section of hormones of reproductive glands of the human body’

In the female body, Lutenising Hormone (LH) stimulate ovule secretion and the formation of corpus luteum from the Graafian follicle. It also helps in the secretion of progesterone hormone from the corpus luteum.

In the male body, Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) stimulate the interstitial cells of Leydig of testes to secrete testosterone.

Question 35. List the names ef the hormones related to the following functions:

1. Regulation of sugar level in the blood,
2. Stimulation for the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland,
3. Causing the growth of the corpus luteum and stimulating the secretion of progesterone hormone in the female body,
4. Increasing blood pressure due to anxiety.

Answer:

1. Insulin and glucagon.
2. TSH or Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
3. LH or Luteinizing Hormone.
4. Adrenaline or Epinephrine.

Question 36. What is goitre? Mention its types.

Answer:

Goitre: Enlargement of the thyroid gland, due to its abnormal functioning, is called goitre.

Types of goitre:

Goitre is of two types—

1. Simple goitre and
2. Exophthalmic goitre.

Question 37. State the causes of simple goitre.

Answer:

The causes of simple goitre are as follows—

As iodine is the main component of thyroxine, so in case of iodine deficiency in food, thyroid gland cells cannot synthesise thyroxine. The useless attempt by the gland cells to synthesise the hormone, makes the cells enlarge in size. As a result, the whole gland expands to create simple goitre.

Due to genetic abnormality, T₄ and T₃ production may hamper, which can also result in simple goitre.

Question 38. Mention the symptoms of simple goitre.

Answer:

The symptoms of simple goitre are as follows—

1. Swelling of the front and lateral side of the neck due to enlargement of the thyroid gland.
2. Problem in swallowing of food due to pressure on the oesophagus.
3. Distressed breathing due to pressure on the trachea.

 

 

Question 39. Mention the cause of exophthalmic goitre.

Answer:

The cause of exophthalmic goitre:

Exophthalmic goitre is caused by the excess secretion or hypersecretion of thyroxine from the thyroid glands.

Increased circulating TSH overstimulates thyroid cells and they increase in size, synthesising more thyroxine. Ultimately, the whole gland enlarges abnormally.

Question 40. Why the people of hilly region are more prone to goitre?

Answer:

Very little amount of iodine is present in the soil of hilly region. So the crops produced in this soil have lesser amount of iodine. As iodine is the essential element for thyroxine synthesis.

So iodine deficiency causes less synthesis of thyroxine. Due to this reason, thyroid gland increases in size resulting in goitre. For this reason, the people of hilly region are more prone to goitre.

Question 41. What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer:

Diabetes mellitus:

Due to the hyposecretion of insulin, glucose uptake and its oxidation decrease in cells. As a result, blood glucose level increases significantly. The physiological abnormality that occurs due to this, is known as diabetes mellitus.

Question 42. What is glycosuria?

Answer:

Glycosuria:

The normal blood glucose level in humans ranges between 120 mg/100 ml of blood. If blood glucose level goes above 180 mg/100 ml blood, excess glucose passes out through urine. This physiological abnormality is called glycosuria.

Question 43. Distinguish between testosterone and progesterone.

Answer:

Distinguishing features between testosterone and progesterone are as follows—

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Very Short Answer Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. The substance through which chemical co¬ordination and response occur in the animal body is—

1. Enzyme
2. Lymph
3. Blood
4. Hormone

Answer: 4. Hormone

Question 2. Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’?

1. Brain
2. Pituitary
3. Pancreas
4. Thyroid

Answer: 2. Pituitary

Question 3. The gland, known as the ‘master of the master gland’ is—

1. Thyroid
2. Pituitary
3. Hypothalamus
4. Cerebellum

Answer: 3. Hypothalamus

Question 4. Which of the following hormones is secreted from the adrenal gland?

1. Adrenaline
2. Thyroxine
3. ACTFI
4. Parathormone

Answer: 1. Adrenaline

Question 5. The gland that secretes thyroxine is—

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroid
3. Kidney
4. Pancreas

Answer: 2. Thyroid

Question 6. The disease, caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine during childhood, is—

1. Myxoedema
2. Goitre
3. Cretinism
4. Acromegaly

Answer: 3. Cretinism

Question 7. The hormone that increases BMR is—

1. Insulin
2. Auxin
3. Thyroxine
4. ADH

Answer: 3. Thyroxine

Question 8. The hormone that contains iodine is—

1. Insulin
2. Adrenaline
3. Thyroxine
4. Oestrogen

Answer: 3. Thyroxine

Question 9. The location of adrenal gland is—

1. On kidney
2. On head
3. In pancreas
4. On liver

Answer: 1. On kidney

Question 10. Which of the following is a mixed gland? ‘v

1. Thyroid
2. Kidney
3. Pancreas
4. Liver

Answer: 3. Pancreas

Question 11. The hormone, which is secreted from an endocrine gland and stimulates the secretion of another endocrine gland, is called—

1. Ideal hormone
2. Local hormone
3. Paracrine hormone
4. Tropic hormone

Answer: 4. Tropic hormone

Question 12. Among the following, the hormone that is not secreted from the ovary is—

1. Oestrogen
2. Progesterone
3. Relaxin
4. Testosterone

Answer: 4. Testosterone

Question 13. The hormone that is secreted from the interstitial cells of Leydig is—

1. Oestrogen
2. Progesterone
3. Testosterone
4. LH

Answer: 3. Testosterone

Question 14. The cells of islets of Langerhans, from which insulin is secreted, are—

1. β cells
2. α cells
3. δ cells
4. ρ cells

Answer: 1. ρ cells

Question 15. The cells of islets of Langerhans, from which glucagon is secreted, are—

1. ρ cell
2. α cells
3. δ cells
4. γ cells

Answer: 2. α cells

Question 16. The hormone that is responsible for reducing blood sugar levels is—.

1. Insulin
2. TSH
3. Corticotropin
4. Adrenaline

Answer: 1. Insulin

Question 17. The cause of diabetes insipidus is—

1. Hypersecretion of ADH
2. Hyposecretion of ADH
3. Hypersecretion of insulin
4. Hyposecretion of insulin

Answer: 2. Hyposecretion of ADH

Question 18. The hormone that helps in the metamorphosis of a toad is—

1. Thyroxine
2. ACTH
3. Oestrogen
4. STH

Answer: 1. Thyroxine

Question 19. The ‘emergency hormone’ is—

1. Adrenaline
2. Nor-adrenaline
3. TSH
4. Auxin

Answer: 1. Adrenaline

Question 20. ACTH is secreted from—

1. Adrenal gland
2. Thyroid gland
3. Pancreas
4. Pituitary gland

Answer: 4. Pituitary gland

Question 21. STH is secreted from—

1. Thyroid
2. Parathyroid
3. Anterior pituitary
4. Posterior pituitary

Answer: 3. Anterior pituitary

Question 22. The gland that pours its secretions through the duct, is called—

1. Endocrine gland
2. Exocrine gland
3. Mixed gland
4. All of these

Answer: 2. Exocrine gland

Question 23. Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

1. Salivary gland
2. Liver
3. Tear gland
4. Thyroid gland

Answer: 4. Thyroid gland

Question 24. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

1. Salivary gland
2. Pituitary gland
3. Thyroid gland
4. Adrenal gland

Answer: 1. Salivary gland

Question 25. An exocrine gland among the following is—

1. Sweat gland
2. Pituitary gland
3. Adrenal gland
4. Thyroid gland

Answer: 1. Sweat gland

Question 26. The ‘islets of Langerhans’ is located—

1. On kidney
2. In pancreas
3. Inside trachea
4. In neck

Answer: 2. In pancreas

Question 27. A person affected with diabetes mellitus is unable to secrete which of the following hormone in adequate quantity?

1. Adrenaline
2. Insulin
3. Thyroxine
4. Testosterone

Answer: 2. Insulin

Question 28. The hormone related to goitre is—

1. Insulin
2. STH
3. Relaxin
4. Thyroxine

Answer: 4. Thyroxine

Question 29. Cushing’s disease occurs in case of—

1. Hypersecretion of ACTH
2. Hypersecretion of STH
3. Hypersecretion of TSEI
4. Hypersecretion of GTH

Answer: 1. Hypersecretion of ACTH

Question 30. The hormone that increases both systolic and diastolic pressure is—

1. Adrenaline
2. Nor-adrenaline
3. Dopamine
4. Insulin

Answer: 2. Nor-adrenaline

Question 31. The hormone that increases systolic pressure and changes diastolic pressure is—

1. Adrenaline
2. Nor-adrenaline
3. Glucagon
4. Insulin

Answer: 1. Adrenaline

Question 32. Which of the following is a neurohormone?

1. TSH
2. GnRH
3. T₄
4. GH

Answer: 2. GnRH

Question 33. The gland, known as ‘hypophysis’ is—

1. Pituitary
2. Adrenal
3. Thyroid
4. Hypothalamus

Answer: 1. Pituitary

Question 34. The hormone that regulates the content of water in urine is—

1. LH
2. ACTH
3. TSH
4. ADH

Answer: 4. ADH

Question 35. The hormone that functions on its source tissue is called—

1. Paracrine hormone
2. Autocrine hormone
3. Neurotransmitter
4. Neurohormone

Answer: 2. Autocrine hormone

Question 36. Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

1. Insulin
2. Relaxin
3. Progesterone
4. Villikinin

Answer: 3. Progesterone

Question 37. Which of the following is not a local hormone?

1. Gastrin
2. Histamine
3. Bradykinin
4. TSH

Answer: 4. TSH

Question 38. Insulin is secreted from—

1. Anterior pituitary
2. Thyroid gland
3. Kidney
4. Pancreas

Answer: 4. Pancreas

Question 39. Which one of the following is not secreted from an endocrine gland?

1. Insulin
2. Thyroxine
3. Pepsin
4. Relaxin

Answer: 3. Pepsin

Question 40. The gland, which performs as both exocrine and endocrine gland, is called—

1. Mixed gland
2. Ductless gland
3. Ducted gland
4. Holocrine gland

Answer: 1. Mixed gland

Question 41. An anti-ketogenic hormone is—

1. Thyroxine
2. Glucagon
3. Oestrogen
4. Insulin

Answer: 4. Insulin

Question 42. A ketogenic hormone is—

1. Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Oestrogen
4. Progesterone

Answer: 1. Glucagon

Question 43. Nor-adrenaline is secreted from

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroid gland
3. Adrenal gland
4. Testis

Answer: 3. Adrenal gland

Question 44. Another name of nor-adrenaline is—

1. Adrenaline
2. Nor-epinephrine
3. Thyroxine
4. Epinephrine

Answer: 2. Nor-epinephrine

Question 45. Other name of the adrenal gland is—

1. Thyroid
2. Liver
3. Kidney
4. Suprarenal gland

Answer: 4. Suprarenal gland

Question 46. Which of the following hormones is secreted in case of sudden panic?

1. Adrenaline
2. Nor-adrenaline
3. Thyroxine
4. Insulin

Answer: 1. Adrenaline

Question 47. The system that is organised by a combination of different endocrine glands is called—

1. Circulatory system
2. Ducted glandular system
3. Exocrine system
4. Endocrine system

Answer: 4. Endocrine system

Question 48. The gland known as ‘bandmaster of the endocrine orchestra’ is—

1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Pancreas
4. Pituitary

Answer: 4. Pituitary

Question 49. Which of the following substance is secreted from the exocrine gland?

1. Vitamin
2. Pheromone
3. Hormone
4. Enzyme

Answer: 4. Enzyme

Question 50. Hyposecretion of this hormone causes myxoedema in aged persons. This is—

1. Prolactin
2. Insulin
3. Thyroxine
4. Relaxin

Answer: 3. Thyroxine

Question 51. The hormone that regulates glucose

1. Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Thyroxine
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 52. The hormone that stimulates the process of moulting in reptiles is—

1. Insulin
2. Epinephrine
3. Relaxin
4. Thyroxine

Answer: 4. Thyroxine

Question 53. Which of the following is the smallest hormone gland?

1. Thymus
2. Thyroid
3. Pituitary
4. Parathyroid

Answer: 2. Thyroid

Question 54. The hormone that is secreted from mid- pituitary is—

1. ADH
2. MSH
3. TSH
4. GTH

Answer: 2. MSH

Question 55. The hormone that is synthesised in the hypothalamus is—

1. ADH
2. T£H
3. ACTH
4. FSH

Answer: 1. ADH

Question 56. Which of the following is not a GTH?

1. FSH
2. LH
3. GH
4. ICSH

Answer: 3. GH

Question 57. Chemically, testosterone is a —

1. Peptide
2. Steroid
3. Amino acid
4. Protein

Answer: 2. Steroid

Question 58. Chemically, ACTH is a —

1. Polypeptide
2. Peptide
3. Amino acid
4. Steroid

Answer: 1. Polypeptide

Question 59. Another name of ADH is—

1. Oxytocin
2. Vasopressin
3. Prolactin
4. Relaxin

Answer: 2. Vasopressin

Question 60. Another name of adrenaline is—

1. Epinephrine
2. Nor-epinephrine
3. Oxytocin
4. Vasopressin

Answer: 1. Epinephrine

Question 61. Which hormone is known as the ‘calorigenic hormone’?

1. Insulin
2. Oestrogen
3. Thyroxine
4. ACTH

Answer: 3. Thyroxine

Question 62. Which is a non-protein hormone?

1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Testosterone
4. Growth hormone

Answer: 3. Testosterone

Question 63. Which of the following gland control ‘the secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland?

1. Adrenal
2. Thyroid
3. Pancreas
4. Pituitary

Answer: 4. Pituitary

Question 64. Which of the following hormone antagonistic hormone of insulin?

1. GTH
2. ACTH
3. TSH
4. Glucagon

Answer: 4. Glucagon

Question 65. Which of the following hormone increases heartbeat?

1. GTH
2. ACTH
3. Insulin
4. Adrenaline

Answer: 4. Adrenaline

Question 66. Which of the following hormone gets on the follicle of the ovary?

1. ICSH
2. FSH
3. TSH
4. ACTH

Answer: 2. FSH

Question 67. Which of the following hormone helps in the contraction of the uterus wall?

1. Progesterone
2. Oestrogene
3. Prolactin
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Progesterone

Question 68. Which hormone prevent neoglucogeneis?

1. Glucagon
2. Thyroxine
3. Vasopressin
4. Insulin

Answer: 4. Insulin

Question 69. Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary?

1. TSH
2. FSH
3. ADH
4. STH

Answer: 3. ADH

Question 70. The gland known as epiphysis is—

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroid
3. Pinneal
4. Adrenal

Answer: 3. Pinneal

Question 71. In the case of women, the Follicle Stimulating Hormone stimulates the Graafian follicle of the ovary to secrete the hormone—

1. TSH
2. ADH
3. Oestrogen
4. ACTH

Answer: 3. Oestrogen

Question 72. Read the following sentences and identify the sentence—Which is not correct?

1. FSIT, LH and Prolactin are different types of GTH
2. Adrenaline decreases cardiac output
3. Insulin facilitates the absorption of glucose into the cell through the cell membrane.
4. Progesterone helps in the formation of the placenta in the female body

Answer: 2. Adrenaline decreases cardiac output

Question 73. Identify which of the following statements is not true regarding Insulin.

1. Plelps in the absorption of glucose from the blood into most of the somatic cells
2. Converts glucose into glycogen within liver and muscle cells
3. Helps in the conversion of fat and protein into glucose
4. Inhibits the conversion of protein and fat into glucose

Answer: 3. Helps in the conversion of fat and protein into glucose

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Answer In A Single Word Or Sentence

Question 1. Which animal hormone was discovered first?
Answer: Secretin

Question 2. What is the other name of the anterior pituitary?
Answer: Adenohypophysis

Question 3. What is the other name of the posterior pituitary?
Answer: Neurohypophysis

Question 4. Name a hormone that is produced in almost all parts of the human body.
Answer: Prostaglandin

Question 5. From which type of gland, hormone is secreted?
Answer: Endocrine gland

Question 6. Name a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland.
Answer: Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 7. Write down the full form of ACTH.
Answer: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Question 8. State the full form of ICSH.
Answer: Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone

Question 9. What is the full form of STH?
Answer: Somatotropic Hormone

Question 10. State the full form of FSH.
Answer: Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 11. State the full form of LH.
Answer: Luteinising Hormone

Chemical Coordination Mechanisms in Animals

Question 12. State the full form of MSH.
Answer: Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Question 13. State the full form of GH.
Answer: Growth Hormone

Question 14. State the full form of GTH.
Answer: Gonadotropic Hormone

Question 15. State the full form of TSH.
Answer: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Question 16. Name an iodine-containing animal hormone.
Answer: Thyroxine

Question 17. Which pituitary hormone controls milk secretion from the mammary gland?
Answer: Prolactin

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 18. Mention the site of secretion of the gonadotropic hormone.
Answer: Pituitary

Question 19. What kind of a gland is the testis?
Answer: Mixed gland

Question 20. Why is adrenal gland called suprarenal gland?
Answer: The adrenal gland is situated just on the roof of the kidney, therefore, it is called the suprarenal gland.

Question 21. Name the hormone secreted from the testis.
Answer: Testosterone

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 22. Which hormones are secreted by the ovary?
Answer: Oestrogen, progesterone and relaxin are secreted by the ovary.

Question 23. Give an example of a proteinaceous hormone.
Answer: Insulin

Question 24. Name a hormone that regulates the activity of the renal tubule.
Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 25. Name any two hormones included in GTH.
Answer:

Two hormones included in GTH, are—

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) -and
2. Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Question 26. Who discovered insulin?
Answer: Banting and Best discovered insulin.

Question 27. Mention the site of insulin secretion.
Answer: Insulin is secreted from the p cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas.

Question 28. Which human disease is caused due to deficiency of insulin?
Answer: Diabetes mellitus

Question 29. Name the hormone that regulates the expression of female secondary sex characters.
Answer: Oestrogen

Question 30. Which region of the adrenal gland secretes adrenaline?
Answer: The medulla of the adrenal gland secretes adrenaline.

Question 31. Name a hormone that may act as a neurotransmitter.
Answer: Nor-adrenaline or nor-epinephrine

Question 32. What is the other name of thyroxine?
Answer: Tetraiodothyronine or T₄

Question 33. Normal activity of which gland is directly affected by deficiency of iodine?
Answer: Thyroid gland

Question 34. In which organ, islets of Langerhans are situated?
Answer: Pancreas

Question 35. Which hormone acts opposite to insulin?
Answer: Glucagon

Question 36. How do you denote the event of a decrease in blood sugar level?
Answer: Hyperglycaemia

Question 37. How do you denote the event of an increase in blood sugar level?
Answer: Hyperglycaemia

Question 38. How do you denote the event of the excretion of glucose through urine?
Answer: Glycosuria

Question 39. Which hormone is popularly known as anti- diabetogenic hormone?
Answer: Insulin

Question 40. Deficiency of which hormone causes diabetes insipidus?
Answer: Anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin

Question 41. Which hormone increases heartbeat?
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 42. Name an endocrine gland that is located inside the human skull.
Answer: Pituitary gland

Question 43. By which physiological process does glucose convert into glycogen?
Answer: Glycogenesis

Question 44. Which hormone helps in glycogenesis?
Answer: Insulin

Question 45. By which physiological process does glycogen break into glucose?
Answer: Glycogenolysis

Question 46. Which hormone helps in glycogenolysis?
Answer: Glucagon

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 47. In which disease patients suffer from polydipsia or excessive thirst?
Answer: Diabetes melitus and diabetes insipidus

Question 48. Name the diseases which occur due to hyposecretion of the thyroid gland.
Answer: Cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults are diseases that occurs due to hyposecretion of the thyroid gland.

Question 49. Name a substance secreted from the exocrine gland.
Answer: Sebum

Question 50. Which hormone is also known as androgen?
Answer: Testosterone

Question 51. What is the height of any mature individual, suffering from cretinism?
Answer: Around 3 ft

Question 52. From which gland is ADH secreted?
Answer: ADH secrete from the posterior portion of the pituitary gland.

Question 53. Which hormone is administered to an individual suffering from diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Insulin

Question 54. Which hormone helps in the reabsorption of water from the renal tubule?
Answer: Antidiuretic hormone

Question 55. Deficiency of which hormone causes dwarfism during childhood?
Answer: Growth hormone or somatotropic hormone

Question 56. Deficiency of which hormone causes acromegaly during adulthood?
Answer: Growth hormone or somatotropic hormone

Question 57. Which hormone is responsible for the standing of body hair in case of panic?
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 58. Which female hormone helps in the development of embryo inside the mother’s body? ‘ 
Answer: Progesterone

Question 59. Which hormone is responsible for husky male voice?
Answer: Testosterone

Question 60. Which hormone triggers heart palpitation in case of panic?
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 61. What is the normal blood sugar level for a healthy adult individual?
Answer: Normal blood sugar level of a healthy adult individual ranges between 80-120 mg/ 100 ml of blood.

Question 62. Which is the smallest endocrine gland of human.
Answer: Pineal gland

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 63. Which hormone increase blood pressure in the blood vessel?
Answer: ADH or vasopressin

Question 64. What are the parts of adrenal gland?
Answer: The adrenal gland has two regions—

1. The outer cortex and
2. Inner medulla.

Question 65. Over secretion of which hormone produces moonface.
Answer: Cortisol

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. The glands, devoid of ducts are called _______ glands.
Answer: Ductless

Question 2. Ducted glands are also known as _______ gland.
Answer: Exocrine

Question 3. The action ot hormones are controlled by _______ process.
Answer: Feedback

Question 4. Corticotropin-releasing hormone controls the secretion of _______ hormone.
Answer: Adrenocorticotropic

Question 5. Antidiuretic hormone is stored in _______ pituitary.
Answer: Posterior

Question 6. The hormone that controls body growth is known as _______ hormone.
Answer: Growth

Question 7. Secretion of the thyroid gland is controlled by _______ hormone.
Answer: Thyroid stimulating

Question 8. The hormones secreted from the hypothalamus are called _______.
Answer: Neurohormones

Question 9. A gonadotropic hormone available in female body is _______ hormone.
Answer: Luteinising

Question 10. The connector between two thyroid glands is called _______.
Answer: Isthmus

Question 11. The other name of ADH is _______.
Answer: Vasopressin

Question 12. In the case of males, LIT is known as _______.
Answer: ICSH

Question 13. A gland having both exocrine and endocrine components is called _______ gland.
Answer: Mixed

Question l4. In case of hypersecretion of GH in adult¬hood, a person develops _______.
Answer: Acromegaly

Question 15. In case of hypersecretion of GIT in childhood, a person develops _______.
Answer: Gigantism

Question 16. The hormone secreted from the matured ovary is _______.
Answer: Oestrogen

Question 17. _______ hormone helps to maintain pregnancy.
Answer: Progesterone

Question 18. The symptom of excessive thirst is known as _______.
Answer: Polydipsia

Question 19. A person develops diabetes _______ if reabsorption of water is hampered in the renal tubules.
Answer: Insip dus

Question 20. In the case of hyposecretion of thyroxine, a person develops _______ goitre.
Answer: Simple

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 21. The hormone secreted from the cells of the islet of Langerhans of the pancreas is _______.
Answer: Glucagon

Question 22. ADH is synthesised in _______ of the brain.
Answer: Hypothalamus

Question 23. _______ can increase heart rate all of a sudden.
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 24. _______ can increase cardiac output according to the necessity of the body.
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 25. Pancreas is a _______ gland
Answer: Mixed

Question 26. Deficiency of _______ is the main cause of the increase in blood sugar level.
Answer: Insulin

Question 27. The term _______ is derived from the Greek word ‘hormao’ or ‘ hormein’.
Answer: Hormone

Question 28. _______ hormone increases the absorptive capacity of glucose in small intestine
Answer: Insulin

Question 29. After release from the endocrine glands _______ mixing blood or lymph.
Answer: Hormones

Question 30. A number of segments of the thyroid gland is _______.
Answer: Two

Question 31. Thyroxine is a _______ type of hormone.
Answer: Proteinaceous

Question 32. Adrenaline is secreted from _______ adrenal gland.
Answer: Medulla

Question 33. _______ disease is caused by an imbalance of iodine metabolism.
Answer: Thyroid

Question 34. Due to a deficiency of iodine, the synthesis of _______ hormone is hampered.
Answer: Thyroxine or T₄ or T₃

Question 35. By the influence of ______ on the skin get erected hormone in an emergencythehairs 1 situation.
Answer: Adrenaline

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones State True Or False

Question 1. Ovary is a mixed gland.
Answer: True

Question 2. pituitary is known as the master gland.
Answer: True

Question 3. Adrenaline is known as a calorigenic hormone.
Answer: False

Question 4. Other name of STH is Growth Hormone.
Answer: True

Question 5. The sweat gland is an exocrine gland.
Answer: True

Question 6. Insulin is secreted from a cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas.
Answer: False

Question 7. Growth hormone helps in the metamor¬phosis of toads.
Answer: False

Question 8. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroxine.
Answer: True

Question 9. Prolactin hormone helps in the production of milk in the mammary gland of a lactating mother.
Answer: True

Question 10. During pregnancy, ovulation stops due to the action of progesterone.
Answer: False

Question 11. A deficiency of insulin causes diabetes insipidus.
Answer: False

Question 12. In case of hypersecretion of thyroxine, a person develops an exophthalmic goitre
Answer: True

Question 13. If the glucose level in the blood exceeds 140 mg / 100 ml, glucose is excreted through urine.
Answer: False

Question 14. Glucagon increases blood sugar levels.
Answer: True

Question 15. Adrenaline is known as an emergency hormone.
Answer: True

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 16. Progesterone is secreted from the corpus luteum of the ovary.
Answer: True

Question 17. Other than ADH, oxytocin is also secreted from the posterior pituitary.
Answer: True

Question 18. Insulin is a hormone that decreases blood sugar levels.
Answer: True

Question 19. GnRH, secreted from the hypothalamus, stimulates the secretion of GH from the pituitary.
Answer: False

Question 20. Dilute urine is profusely eliminated by a person affected with diabetes insipidus.
Answer: True

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Match The Columns

Question 1.

Answer: 1. D, 2. C, 3. B, 4. A, 5. F, 6. G

Question 2.

Answer: 1. E, 2. C, 3. D, 4. B, 5. F, 6. A

Question 3.

Answer: 1. F, 2. E, 3. D, 4. A, 5. B, 6. C

Question 4.

 

Answer: 1. D, 2. C, 3. F, 4. B, 5. B, 6. C

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Find The Odd One Out

Question 1. Endocrine glands, Enzymes, Hormones, Blood
Answer: Enzymes

Question 2. STH, GTH, TSH, ADH
Answer: ADH

Question 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinising hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Prolactin
Answer: 3. Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Question 4. Adrenaline, Prolactin, Gibberellin, Oestrogen
Answer: Gibberellin

Question 5. Testosterone, Progesterone, Adrenaline, Oestrogen
Answer: Adrenaline

Question 6. Glucagon, Thyroxine, Insulin, Glycogen
Answer: Glycogen

Question 7. TSH, ACTH, GTI I, CSF
Answer: CSF

Question 8. Standing of body hair in excitement, Maintaining blood glucose level, Maintaining fluidity of blood, Maintaining BMR
Answer: Maintaining fluidity of blood

Question 9. Dwarfism, Goitre, Thalassemia, Diabetes mellitus.
Answer: Thalassemia

Question 10. Salivary gland, Pituitary gland, Adrenal gland, Thyroid gland
Answer: Salivary gland

Question 11. Testosterone, Thyroxine, Oestrogen, Progesterone
Answer: Thyroxine

Question 12. ADH, Glucose metabolism, Blood vessel constriction, Reabsorption of water in renal tubule
Answer: Glucose metabolism

Question 13. Graves disease, Cretinism, Myxoedema, Dwarfism
Answer: Dwarfism

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Fill In The Blanks By Looking At The First Pair

Question 1. Exocrine gland: Enzyme:: Endocrine glands: ________.
Answer: Hormone

Question 2. Master gland : Pituitary :: Master of master gland:: ________
Answer: 2. Hypothalamus

Question 3. Adrenal gland: ACTH :: Thyroid gland: ________
Answer: TSH

Question 4. p cells of pancreas: Insulin :: cells of the pancreas: ________
Answer: Glucagon

Question 5. Oestrogen: Ovary:: Epinephrine: ________
Answer: Adrenal gland

Question 6. Ovulation: LH:: Testosterone release: ________
Answer: ICSH

Question 7. Diabetes insipidus: ADH:: Diabetes mellitus: ________
Answer: Insulin

Question 8. Metabolism of carbohydrate: Insulin :: Maintaining BMR: ________
Answer: Thyroxine

Question 9. Glycogenolysis: Glucagon;: Glycolysis: ________
Answer: Insulin

Question 10. Deposition of extra fat in breasts, hips and thigh during puberty: Oestrogen:: Formation and maintenance of placenta during pregnancy: ________
Answer: Progesterone

Question 11. Strong musculature: Testosterone :: Soft and smooth skin: ________
Answer: Oestrogen

Question 12.Increased heartbeat during excitement : Adrenaline:: Deposition of excess calcium in bones of male: ________
Answer: Testosterone

Question 13. A sudden increase in BMR: Adrenaline :: Regulation of BMR: ________
Answer: Thyroxine

 

Chapter 1 Response And Chemical Co-Ordination In Animals Hormones Among The Four Concepts Given Three Of Them Belong To One Find That

Question 1. Pituitary gland, Endocrine gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland
Answer: Endocrine gland

Question 2. Pancrease, Mixed gland, Testes, Ovary
Answer: Mixed gland

Question 3. Insulin, Glucagon, Pancreas, Somatostatin.
Answer: Pancreas

Question 4. Increased BMR, Expansion of pupil, Standing body hair, Effect of Adrenaline
Answer: Effect of Adrenaline

Question 5. Hormonal deficiency from the posterior pituitary, Lack of water reabsorption from renal tubules, Excessive thirst, Frequent urination.
Answer: Hormonal deficiency from the posterior pituitary

Question 6. The male hormone, a Steroid hormone, Oestrogen hormone, Progesterone hormone
Answer: Steroid hormone

Question 7. Increased breakdown of glycogen, Hyposecretion of Insulin, Discharge of glucose through urine, Loss of body weight
Answer: Hyposecretion of Insulin

Question 8. Increased size of the thyroid gland, Decrease in BMR, Reduced heart rate, Iodine deficiency
Answer: Iodine deficiency

Question 9. Increased cardiac output, Increased activity of adrenal medulla, Increased blood pressure, Increased contractibility of muscles
Answer: Increased activity of the adrenal medulla