WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Life Science And Environment Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination In Animal Nervous System

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Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Nervous Pathway Neurone Neuroglia And Nerves Types Of Nerve Ganglia Synapse Summary

Animals can respond to the environment without chemical secretion. The nervous system allows the organism to interact with its environment, appropriately. Different organs of the body are directly connected to the nervous system.

The actions of these organs are controlled by the nervous system. This is known as neural coordination. We respond in respect to various types of external and internal stimuli through a specific neural pathway.

This neural pathway is—stimulus-receptor-nerve centre-effector-response. Like we open the door by the activity of muscle (effector) after hearing (sound receptor) the doorbell (stimulus). Here, our brain functions as a nerve centre.

The unit of the nervous system is the neurone. The three structural parts of the neurone are the dendron,’ the cell body and the axon. It helps in sending and receiving the stimulus.

There are neuroglia or glial cells which act as a matrix of neurones and also help in the defence of the nervous system, nutrition of neurones and fast transportation of stimulus.

The long projection of neurones or axons gets covered by different membranes and forms the nerve. The cell bodies of the neurones of the peripheral nervous system form a cluster and is covered by connective tissue.

This is known as nerve ganglion. It controls the function of the oesophagus, digestive glands, etc. The junction of two neurone is called the synapse.

Nerve impulses are transmitted from one neurone to another by synapse with the help of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, etc).

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Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What do you understand by the terms neural control and neural co-ordination? Explain how neural control and neural co-ordination are established in the case of running.

Answer:

Neural control and neural co-ordination:

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Neural control is the process by which the nervous system controls all physiological processes as well as movements in order to maintain an equilibrium between the organism and its environment.

Neural co-ordination is the process by which nervous system co-ordinates various physiological and metabolic functions of an organism with muscle contraction, movements, locomotion, hormone and neurotransmitter release, etc. is called neural coordination.

Neural control and neural co-ordination during running:

A suitable example where neural control and co-ordination is established is running. During running, an increased demand of energy and oxygen occurs.

To meet this increased energy and oxygen demand, both the force and frequency of respiration and cardiac output is increased. These events lead to increased mobilisation of oxygen and glucose in the muscle cells, resulting in increased metabolic rate in these cells, which leads to alteration of levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

This is sensed by the brain which then sends signals to the spinal cord and the respiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostal muscles) thus changing the rate of respiration.

In this way, the nervous system co-ordinates with different systems of the body in order to control a definite function.

Question 2. Describe the nervous path with example.

Answer:

Nervous path:

The nervous system of our body receives external and internal stimuli and makes us respond accordingly. For this coordination, the body needs a nervous path, which is built in the following way.

At first, the sensory organs or receptors receive sensory stimulation from any external or internal stimulus. This stimulus generates a nerve impulse in the receptor cells. The sensory nerve then carries it to the central nervous system.

Within the central nervous system, a sensory impulse is analysed and is converted into a motor impulse. Then a motor nerve carries this motor impulse to a specific effector organ. The effector organs like glands, muscles, etc.

Then respond according to the nature of the command from the central nervous system. Example—When a doorbell rings, the sound stimulates the auditory nerves. Soon this sensory impulse is sent to the brain.

Now brain sends a motor impulse to limbs. Accordingly, we move to the door and open it by voluntary action of legs and hands.

Question 3. Briefly describe the two main components of the nervous system and mention their functions.

Answer:

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Main components of the nervous system and their functions:

The two main components of the nervous system are—

1. Neurone and
2. Neuroglia.

1. Neurone:

Neurone is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Each neurone is composed of a cell body and several projections. The cell body contains a distinct nucleus and other common cell organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies, etc.

The cytoplasm of neurone especially carries Nissl granules and neurofibrils. Centrosome is present in an inactive state. The projections of a neurone are of two types—axon and dendron.

Axon is longer, unbranched, and may or may not be covered with a specialised myelin layer. It does not contain Nissl granules. Dendron is shorter, branched and contains Nissl granules.

Function of Neurone::

Neurone helps in the transmission of nerve impulses.

2. Neurogjia:

Neuroglial cells are modified connective tissue cells, which form a supporting medium for neurones within the central nervous system. About 90% of the total cellular components of the central nervous system are made up of neuroglia.

There are different types of neuroglia, such as microglia, oligodendroglia, astrocyte, etc. Neuroglial cells are incapable of transmitting nerve impulse.

Function of Neurogjia:

The functions of neuroglia are as follows—

1. Neuroglial cells act as supporting cells of the central nervous system.
2. Certain phagocytic neuroglial cells kill pathogens to protect neurones.
3. Few of these cells take part in preparing the medullary layer over the axon.

Question 4. Describe the relationship between neurone, nerve fibre and nerve with a suitable diagram.

Answer:

Relation between neurone, nerve fibre and nerve:

The relation between neurone and nerve is as follows—

1. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is called the neurone. An ideal neurone is composed of the axon, a dendron and a cell body. It receives impulse by dendron and then through the axon the impulse is transmitted to the next neurone or to any effector tissue.

On the other hand, a membrane-bound axon is called a nerve fibre. The fibrous membrane that covers the axon surface is called the endoneurium. Some of these nerve fibres unite to form a thin bundle, which is sheathed by another fibrous membrane, called perineurium.

A number of such bundles then come together to form a thick bundle, which is then coated by a blood vessel containing a connective tissue layer, epineurium, to form a nerve.

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2. The afferent nerves carry nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous system and the efferent nerves carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs.

These efferent and afferent nerves are composed of sensory and motor neurones respectively. Therefore, it becomes clear that both neurones and nerves are meant for transmitting nerve impulses.

Practically, the structural elements of nerves, that is, the neurones carry the nerve impulse. So, it can be concluded that nerves, nerve fibres and neurones are closely related to each other.

Question 5. Describe the structure of a typical neurone. Similar question, Draw a neat diagram of neurone and label the following parts—

1. Dendron,
   
2. Node of Banvier,
   
3. Myelin sheath,
4. Schwann cell.

Answer:

Structure of a typical neurone:

A typical neurone has two structural components—

1. Cell body or cyton and
2. Projections.

1. Cell body or cyton:

The structural features of the cell body of a neurone is as follows—

1. The largest, round or star-shaped portion of the neurone is called cell body.
2. The cell body contains thick protoplasm, called neuroplasm, surrounded by a cell membrane.
3. This cell bears a distinct nucleus within it
4. Neuroplasm contains different cell organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies, etc. Other than these, numerous typical nucleoprotein granules, called Nissl granules are present in the neuroplasm.
5. Fine thread-like neurofibrils remain scattered within the neoplasm.
6. The centrosome is present in an inactive state, therefore, neurones cannot undergo mitosis.

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2. Projections:

The projections of a neurone are of two types

1. Axon and
2. Dendron.

The structural features of these two projections are given below.

Axon:

The structural features of the axon is as follows—

1. The longer and unbranched protoplasmic projection of a neurone is called an axon.
2. Axon emerges from a conical portion of the cell body, called the axon hillock.
3. The semi-liquid cytoplasm present in the axon is called axoplasm, which is externally lined by a cell membrane called axolemma.
4. Axoplasm does not contain Nissl granules.
5. In several neurones, the axon has an extra lipid-rich insulating coat outside the axolemma, called myelin sheath.
6. The myelin sheath has a number of periodic gaps, which are called nodes of Ranvier.
7. A few tiny nucleated cells remain associated with myelin sheath, these are known as Schwann cells.
8. The neurones with myelin sheath are called medullated nerve fibres whereas the axons having no myelin sheath are called non-medullated nerve fibres.
9. Axon terminally gives off a few fine branches, this portion is called the end brush. The end of each branch swells to form a synaptic knob or end button.

Dendron:

The structural features of dendron is as follows—

1. The shorter and branched protoplasmic projection of a neurone is known as a dendron. Branches of dendrons are known as dendrites.
2. The base of each dendrone is wide but it gets terminally finer and branched.
3. Neuroplasm, neurofibrils and Nissl granules are present in the dendron, but it does not have, any myelin sheath.

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Question 6. Mention classification of neurone on. the basis of function. Mention the main functions of the axon and dendron.

Answer:

Classification of neurone:

On the basis of function, neurones are of three types—

1. Sensory neurone:

The neurones, which carry sensory impulses from the environment, are called sensory neurones. These neurones transfer nerve impulses from sense organs and receptors to the brain or spinal cord (nerve centres). Therefore, these are also known as afferent neurones.

2. Motor neurone:

The neurones, which carry motor impulses from the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) to the effector organs or tissues, are called motor neurones.

As these neurone carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord (nerve centres) to effector organs, hence these are also known as efferent neurones.

3. Inter-neurone:

The nerve cells present in the central nervous system, which transfer impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurones are called inter-neurones. These neurones are also known, as adjustor or relay neurones.

Functions of axon and dendron:

1. Axon:

Axon transmits nerve,e impulses from cell body of a neurone to the next neurone or any effector organ.

2. Dendron:

Dendron receives1 one nerve impulse from any sensory cell or another neurone and sends it to the cell body of the neurone.

Question 7. Distinguish between axon and dendron.

Answer:

Differences between axon and dendron

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Illustrate with the help of a word diagram the nervous pathway of the way you will open the door by hearing the doorbell.

Answer:

The nervous pathway of the way you will open the door by hearing the doorbell:

When someone rings the bell at the door, we listen to the bell with our ears and open die door. In this case, the receptors present in our ear receive the stimulus and send it to the central nervous system (CNS).

CNS processes that stimulus and sends motor signals to our body parts (muscles of hands and legs) and as a result, we open the door.

Question 2. What is meant by coordination?

Answer:

Coordination:

Coordination is a process of organised regulation of the activities of different organs and organ systems of a living body to enable them to work together effectively and thereby maintain a balance between the external and internal environment of the body.

In, animals both the nervous system and hormones and in plants only hormones play a role in coordination.

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Question 3. Define the nervous system.

Answer:

Nervous system:

The organ system made up of neurones and neuroglia, that helps the body to interact with the changes in the environment by receiving and responding to external stimuli as well as maintaining physical coordination among all other organs and organ systems of the body, is known as nervous system.

Question 4. What would have happened to the higher organisms if they had no nervous system?

Answer:

The body of higher organisms is composed of different organs and organ systems. Nervous system maintains co-ordination among the activities of these components.

In the absence of nervous system, the total system of functional coordination in the higher organisms would have been disrupted.

Question 5. Mention differences between the endocrine system and nervous system.

Or,

Distinguish between the functions of hormones and the nervous system on the following parameters: Nature of function, Pace of function, Time span of function, and Fate.

Answer:

Differences between the endocrine system and nervous system

 

Question 6. What is a nerve?

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Answer:

Nerve:

A bundle of nerve fibres accompanied by blood vessels and sheathed by three different connective tissue layers is called a nerve. It carries nerve impulses to different directions in the body.

Question 7. Name the sheaths of a nerve.

Answer:

The sheaths of a nerve

A nerve remains covered by three different sheaths. Endoneurium is the outermost sheath that covers a bundle of nerve fibres. The perineurium is the second layer that collectively covers few of such bundles.

A thicker, blood vessel-carrying outer sheath, called epineurium, covers the entire nerve.

Question 8. What are the functions of the nerve?

Answer:

The functions of nerve are as follows—

Afferent nerves carry nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.

Efferent nerves carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs.

Question 9. Why is the neurone called the structural and functional unit of nervous system?

Answer:

The structural components of nervous system are the brain, spinal cord and nerves. All of these are composed of cellular units known as neurones.

Therefore, the neurone is treated as the structural unit of the nervous system. The main function of the nervous system is to transmit nerve impulses. A single neurone also performs the same function. Therefore, it is treated as the functional unit of the nervous system.

Question 10. Why the neurones are unable to divide?

Answer:

In animal cells, centrosomes play vital role in cell division. The neurones possess inactive centrosomes. That is why the neurones cannot divide.

Question 11. Mention one functional difference between an axon and a dendron.

Answer:

Functional difference between an axon and a dendron

Axon sends nerve impulses from cell body to the next neurone or effector organ or tissue. Dendron, on the . other hand, receives nerve impulses from a previous neurone or receptor and sends it to the cell body.

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Question 12. What is neuroglia?

Answer:

Neuroglia:

Neuroglia or glial cells are the cells of the central nervous system that provide support, protection and insulation to the neurones. But they are incapable of transmitting nerve impulses.

Dendrocytes, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are different types of glial cells.

Question 13. Distinguish between neurone and neuroglia.

Answer:

Differences between neurone and neuroglia—

 

Question 14. What is nerve ganglion?

Answer:

Nerve ganglion:

Aggregation of cell bodies of a number of neurones, covered by a sheath of connective tissue, appear as distended regions along a nerve. Such a swollen region is called a nerve ganglion.

Question 15. what is a nerve impulse?

Answer:

Nerve impulse:

The nerve impulse is an electrochemical signal that travels along a nerve fibre at a fast speed from one neurone to the next due to momentary alteration of ionic concentration at two sides of the neurilemma.

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Question 16. What is a synapse?

Answer:

Synapse:

Synapse is the junction between two nerve cells or neurones, across which nerve impulses pass from one neurone to the next by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. In this junction, the impulse¬sending neurone is called pre-synaptic neurone and the impulse-receiving neurone is called post-synaptic neurone.

 

Question 17. State the function of synapse.

Answer:

The function of synapse:

Synapse transmits information between neurones or neurones and their target cells. They also act as valves to ensure that impulses pass across them in one direction only.

Question 18. Write a note on neurotransmitters.

Answer:

Neurotransmitters:

Neurotransmitters are certain biochemical substances, which are secreted within the synaptic cleft from the pre-synaptic neurone to cany nerve impulse from it to the post-synaptic neurone. Some of the most important neurotransmitters are—acetylcholine, adrenaline, dopamine, etc.

 

Question 19. Mention differences between sensory neurones and motor neurones.

Answer:

Differences between the sensory neurone and motor neurone—

 

Question 20. What are afferent nerves?

Answer:

Afferent nerves:

The nerves, which carry sensory impulses from the receptor to the central nervous system, are called afferent nerves.

Examples: Olfactory nerve, optic nerve, auditory nerve, etc.

 

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Question 21. What are efferent nerves?

Answer:

Efferent nerves:

The nerves, which carry motor impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs or tissues, are called efferent nerves.

Examples: Trochlear nerve, hypoglossal nerve, etc.

Question 22. What are mixed nerves?

Answer:

Mixed nerves:

The nerves, which are composed of both sensory and motor neurones and are capable of carrying impulses in both ways, are known as mixed nerves.

Examples: Vagus nerve, facial nerve, etc.

Question 23. Mention the characters of afferent nerves.

Answer:

The characteristics of afferent nerves are as follows—

1. These nerves are composed of sensory neurones.
2. These nerves carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 25. Mention the characters of mixed nerves.

Answer:

The characters of mixed nerves are as follows—

1. These nerves are composed of both sensory and motor neurones.
2. Mixed nerves carry sensory impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system and motor impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs or tissues.

Question 26. What are effectors?

Answer:

Effectors:

The organs, glands, muscles or tissues of the body, which respond to motor impulses by performing specific functions, are called effectors.

Example: Voluntary muscles, different glands, etc.

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Question 27. What is a receptor?

Answer:

Receptor:

There are certain cells or organs, which can sense any change in the internal or external environment and

Question 28. Differentiate sensory, motor and mixed nerves.

Answer:

Differences among sensory nerve, motor nerve and mixed nerve—

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-OrdinationVery Short Answer Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions And Answers [MCQ]

Question 1. The portion of a neurone from which the axon emerges is called—

1. Axis cylinder
2. Axon hillock
3. Dendrite
4. Dendron

Answer: 2. Axon Hillock

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Question 2. The portion of a nerve cell that is devoid of Nissl granules is—

1. Dendrite
2. Axon
3. Cell body
4. All of these

Answer: 2. Axon

Question 3. An effector is

1. Ear
2. Muscles
3. Skin
4. Nose

Answer: 2. Musules

Question 4. Physical co-ordinator in the animal body is—

1. Hormone
2. Heart
3. Nervous system
4. Circulatory system

Answer: 3. Nervous system

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Question 5. The membrane that surrounds the axoplasm is called—

1. Axolemma
2. Neurilemma
3. Plasmalemma
4. Pleura

Answer: 1. Axolemma

Question 6. Which of the following is a neurotransmitter?

1. Glycogen
2. Glucose
3. Lipid
4. Acetylcholine

Answer: 4. Acetylcholine

Question 7. Which of the following is a motor nerve?

1. Vagus
2. Oculomotor
3. Facial
4. Trigeminal

Answer: 2. Oculomotor

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Question 8. The multicellular organism that does not have a nervous system is—

1. Tapeworm
2. Roundworm
3. Starfish
4. Sycon

Answer: 4. Sycon

Question 9. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is—

1. Nephron
2. neurone
3. Axon
4. Neuroglia

Answer: 2. neurone

Question 10. Which of the following is related to the Schwann cell?

1. Dendrite
2. Axon
3. Cell body
4. Synapse

Answer: 2. Axon

Question 11. The Vagus nerve is a type of—

1. Motor nerve
2. Mixed nerve
3. Sensory nerve
4. Spinal nerve

Answer: 2. Mixed nerve

Question 12. The branches of dendron are called

1. Dendrites
2. End plates
3. Myelin sheath
4. Axon

Answer: 1. Dendrites

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Question 13. The optic nerve is a type of—

1. Motor nerve
2. Sensory nerve
3. Mixed nerve
4. Efferent nerve

Answer: 2. Sensory nerve

Question 14. Which of the following is a motor nerve?

1. Hypoglossal nerve
2. Auditory nerve
3. Olfactory nerve
4. Optic nerve

Answer: 1. Hypoglossal nerve

Question 15. The cell bodies of neurones unite to form—

1. Neuroglia
2. Nerve ganglion
3. Axon
4. Synapse

Answer: 2. Nerve ganglion

Question 16. The nucleus of a neurone is present in—

1. Axon
2. Neurocyton
3. Dendron
4. Axon hillock

Answer: 2. Neurocyton

Question 17. Any change in the internal or external environment that may generate a response in a living organism is called—

1. Receptor
2. Response
3. Sensation
4. Impulse

Answer: 4. Impulse

Question 18. The reaction, shown by an organism by the action of a stimulus is called—

1. Effect
2. Sensation
3. Response
4. Reception

Answer: 3. Response

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Question 19. The ability of any organism to respond to a stimulus is called—

1. Effector
2. Sensitivity
3. Excitability
4. Receptor

Answer: 2. Sensitivity

Question 20. The broader portion of a neurone that carries the nucleus is called—

1. Cell body
2. Nissl body
3. Axon
4. Dendrite

Answer: 1. Cell body

Question 21. The cytoplasm of axon is known as—

1. Ectoplasm
2. Endoplasm
3. Axoplasm
4. Neuroplasm

Answer: 3. Axoplasm

Question 22. The packing cells of the nervous system is called—

1. Neurilemma
2. Axolemma
3. Neuroglia or glial cell
4. Neurone

Answer: 3. Neuroglia or glial cell

Question 23. Which of the following is a neuroglial cell?

1. Astrocyte
2. Oligodendrocyte
3. Microcyte
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 24. The cell that helps in the protection of the nervous system is called—

1. Neurone
2. Astrocyte
3. Schwann cell
4. Nephron

Answer: 2. Astrocyte

Question 25. The cell that forms the myelin sheath is called—

1. Neurone
2. Astrocyte
3. Schwann cell
4. Podocyte

Answer: 3. Schwann cell

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Question 26. The part of the neurone that is covered by myelin sheath is called—

1. Axon
2. Dendron
3. Cell body
4. End brush

Answer: 1. Axon

Question 27. The nerve that carries impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organ is called—

1. Sensory nerve
2. Afferent nerve
3. Motor nerve
4. Mixed nerve

Answer: 3. Motor nerve

Question 28. The nerve that carries impulses from sensory organs to central nervous system is called—

1. Motor nerve
2. Efferent nerve
3. Sensory nerve
4. Mixed nerve

Answer: 3. Sensory nerve

Question 29. The outermost covering of a nerve is called—

1. Endoneurium
2. Endomysium
3. Perineurium
4. Perimysium

Answer: 3. Perineurium

Question 30. Which of the following is present in between two neurones?

1. CSP
2. Lymph
3. Neurotransmitter
4. Blood

Answer: 3. Neurotransmitter

Question 31. The region where two neural projections come close to each other is called—

1. Synapse
2. Synopsis
3. Nerve ending
4. Nerve terminal

Answer: 1. Synapse

Question 32. Neurilemma coats—

1. Axis cylinder
2. Cell body
3. Medullary sheath
4. Endoneurium

Answer: 3. Medullary sheath

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Answer In A Single Word Or Sentence

Question 1. Which is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Answer: Neurone

Question 2. What is the name of the conical portion of the cell body of a neurone from where the axon emerges?
Answer: Axon Hillock

Question 3. What are the fine and branched ends of an axon called?
Answer: End brush

Question 4. Where is the myelin sheath found?
Answer: Myelin sheath is found on the outer surface of axons of myelinated or medullated neurones.

Question 5. Write one function of the myelin sheath.
Answer: The main function of the myelin sheath is to facilitate the conduction of electrical impulses through the nerve cells.

Question 6. Name two systems of the human body that perform the coordinating function.
Answer: Nervous system and endocrine system

Question 7. Name the main parts of a neurone.
Answer:

The main parts of a neurone include-

1. Cell body,
2. Dendron and
3. Axon.

Question 8. Which cytoplasmic material is seen only in neurones?
Answer: Nissl granules

Question 9. Name the point of connection between two successive neurones.
Answer: Synapse

Question 10. Which chemical substance is released from the end brush of neurone?
Answer: Neurotransmitter

Question 11. Name the supporting cells that are present only in central nervous system.
Answer: Neuroglia

Question 12. Which type of stimulus do pressure, heat and light belong to?
Answer: External stimulus

Question 13. Which type of stimulus do hunger, thirst and pain belong to?
Answer: Internal stimulus

Question 14. What is the cell body of a neurone called?
Answer: Neurocyton or perikaryon

Question 15. Name the dense cytoplasm present in the cell body of the neurone.
Answer: Neuroplasm

Question 16. Name the fine fibrillar materials present in the cytoplasm of nerve cells.
Answer: Neurofibrils

Question 17. What do you mean by neurotransmitter?
Answer: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that help in the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the nervous system.

Question 18. Name any two motor nerves.
Answer: Trochlear and hypoglossal nerves

Question 19. Name the swollen region of nerves, made up of a cluster of cell bodies of neurones.
Answer: Nerve ganglion

Question 20. What is the main function of nerve fibre?
Answer: The main function of nerve fibre is to transmit nerve impulses.

Question 21. Where the Schwann cells are located?
Answer: Schwann cells are located in the axon of the neurones.

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. The long, unbranched projection of the neurone is called _______.
Answer: Axon

Question 2. The regions of a medullated neurone, devoid of myelin sheath are called nodes of _______.
Answer: Ranvier

Question 3. The _______ is inactive in neurons, that is why these cells never divide.
Answer: Centrosome

Question 4. The junction of two neurones is known as _______.
Answer: Synapse

Question 5. The _______ of the cell body of a neurone is called neuroplasm.
Answer: Cytoplasm

Question 6 The membrane of the synaptic knob is known as _______ membrane.
Answer: Pre-synaptic

Question 7. As nerve impulse reaches the pre-synaptic region, _______ is secreted from the axon end brush.
Answer: Acetylcholine

Question 8. The parts of the living body, which receive stimuli from the environment, are called _______.
Answer: Receptor

Question 9. The parts of a living body, which respond to stimuli, are called _______.
Answer: Effector

Question 10. The fine fibrillar structures, named _______ extend from neuroplasm to dendrons and axons.
Answer: Neurofibril

Question 11. The small, fine filamentous protoplasmic projection of the cell body are called _______.
Answer: Dendron

Question 12. The conical region of the cell body ” from which the axon emerges is called _______.
Answer: Axon Hillock

Question 13. The nerves composed of both sensory and motor neurones is called _______ nerve.
Answer: Mixed

Question 14. The main function of _______ is to carry nerve impluse.
Answer: Neurone

Question 15. Nucleated _______ cells are present in between the myelin sheath and neurilemma.
Answer: Schwann

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination State True Or False

Question 1. Skeletal muscles are an example of an effector.
Answer: True

Question 2. Vagus is a mixed nerve.
Answer: True

Question 3. The centrosome of neurone is active in nature.
Answer: False

Question 4. Nissl granules are present only in muscle cells.
Answer: False

Question 5. Golgi bodies of neurones are inactive in nature.
Answer: False

Question 6. Schwann cells are present on dendrons.
Answer: False

Question 7. Axon is a terminal motor projection.
Answer: True

Question 8. The end brush is present at the terminal portion of the axon.
Answer: True

Question 9. Axon emerges from axon hillock.
Answer: True

Question 10. Acetylcholine and adrenaline are neurotransmitters.
Answer: True

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Match The Columns

Question 1.

Answer: 1. B, 2. D, 3. A, 4. C, 5. F, 6. E

Question 2.

Answer: 1. C, 2. D, 3. A, 4. F, 5. B, 6. E

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Find The Odd One Out

Question 1. Axolemma, Axoplasm, Nissl granules, Schwann cell
Answer: Nissl granules

Question 2. Nerve ganglion, Receptor, Effector; Nerve centre
Answer: Nerve ganglion

Question 3. Axolemma, Neurilemma, Neuroplasm, Node ofRanvier
Answer: Neuroplasm

Question 4. Neurofibril, Neuroplasm, Neurocyton, Neuroglia
Answer: Neuroglia

Question 5. Node of Ranvier, Myelin sheath, Axolemma, Dendron
Answer: Dendron

Question 6. Axon, Nerve fibre, Nerve, Nerve ganglion
Answer: Nerve ganglion

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Fill In The Blanks By Looking At The First Pair

Question 1. Projection of neurone : Axon :: Cell body of neurone: ________
Answer: Neurocyton

Question 2. Aggregation of axons : Nerves :: Aggregation of cell bodies: ________
Answer: Ganglion

Question 3. Optic nerve: Afferent nerve:: Oculomotor nerve: ________
Answer: Efferent nerve

Question 4. Olfactory nerve : Sensory nerve :: Vagus nerve: ________
Answer: Mixed nerve

Question 5. Axon: Axoplasm :: Neurocyton: ________
Answer: Neuroplasm

Question 6. Receptor: Sensory neurone:: Effector: ________
Answer: Motor neurone

Question 7. Neruohormone: Vasopressin :: Neurotransmitter ________
Answer: Acetylcholine

Question 8. Mixed nerve: Vagus:: Sensory nerve: ________
Answer: Optic nerve

Question 9. A small projection of neurone: Dendron:: Long projection of neurone: ________
Answer: Axon

 

Chapter 1 Neural Control And Co-Ordination Among The Four Concepts Given Three Of Them

Question 1. Neuroglia, Dendrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Astrocyte
Answer: Neuroglia

Question 2.Pre-synaptic knob, Post-synaptic knob, Synaptic cleft, Synapse
Answer: Synapse

Question 3. Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Neuroglia, Epididymal cell
Answer: Neuroglia

Question 4. Nerve, Acceptor, Effector, Neural pathway
Answer: Neural pathway

Question 5. Axon, Neurone, Dendron, Axoplasm
Answer: Neurone