WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Life Science And Environment Chapter 1 Locomotion

Chapter 1 Locomotion As A Type Of Response In Animals Summary

• The movement of the whole organism from one place to another is termed as locomotion. Animals move from one place to another place due to various reasons.
• Some of the reasons are—the search of food, to protect itself, search of habitat, search of mate or reproduction, etc Amoeba moves through pseudopodia, Paramoecium uses cilia, and Euglena uses flagella for locomotion.
• Fishes swim by the help of V-shaped myotome muscles and paired or unpaired fins. Birds use feathers i.e. remiges of the wing and rectrices of tail and flight muscles like pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and pectoralis minor for flight.
• Locomotion in humans is termed as bipedal locomotion. This bipedal locomotion involves movement by two rear limbs or legs. The semicircular canal of inner ear and cerebellum helps in body balance during movement.
• Movable joints and skeletal muscles have a huge importance in human locomotion, The synovial fluid present in the joint prevents, friction. Examples of synovial joints are—ball and socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, etc.
• An example of a hinge joint is the joint of the knee and elbow. An example of ball and socket joint is the hip and shoulder joint.
• In flexion movement, two bones come near each other and in extension movement, two bones move distant from each other. The movement of any part away from the midline of the body is abduction and the movement towards the midline of the body is adduction.
• Rotation refers to movements made about the longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane, Different types of muscles help in these types of movements.
• Example-Biceps (flexor muscle), triceps (extensor muscle), deltoids (abductor’s muscle), adductor longus (adductor muscle).

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Chapter 1 Locomotion Long Answer Type Questions

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Question 1. Briefly explain the driving forces of locomotion.
Or,
State the importance of locomotion in living organisms.

Similar question, A resting animal attempts to move. Mention four probable reasons behind it.

Answer:

Driving forces of locomotion:

The driving forces of locomotion are mentioned below.

1. Search of food:

Unlike plants, animals are not capable of synthesising their own food. Therefore animals have to roam around in search of food resources.

2. Escaping predation:

Among animals, a prey-predator interaction continues all the time. Here the aggressor is called the predator and the victims are called the preys.

To avoid predation’ preys have to flee from the predator. Therefore, locomotion is essential for preys to escape predation.

3. Migration:

Due to environmental changes, various species move from one place to another this is called migration. To avoid natural calamities, epidemics and other adversities, animals migrate to favourable places. This is a driving force of locomotion.

For example: during rain ants upward in search of a dry habitat.

4. Searching for favourable habitat:

Animals always look out for places with adequate food, water, ambient temperature, light, etc. This is also a purpose of animal locomotion.

5. Searching for a mating partner and favourable mating place:

Animals and a few plants perform locomotion in search of favourable places for reproduction. Animals roam around in search 1 o suitable mating partners for successful reproduction.

Question 2. How is locomotion dependent upon movement? State the differences between movement and locomotion.

Answer:

Dependence of locomotion on movement:

Locomotion is a process by which an organism changes its overall position in response to a stimulus or spontaneously.

Whereas, the physical activity by which an organism move any of its body parts either spontaneously or in response to stimulus without changing its position, is called movement.

A living form has to move its organs or cellular components in order to perform locomotion. Therefore, locomotion without movement is impossible but the movement of organs is completely independent of locomotion.

Differences between movement and locomotion

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse Question 3.

Briefly describe the method of amoeboid movement.
Or,
Describe the role of pseudopodia in the locomotion of Amoeba. Distinguish between cilia and flagella.

Answer:

Amoeboid movement:

The method of amoeboid movement is mentioned here.

1. The locomotory organ of Amoeba is the pseudopodium. Density of cytosol changes within the cell body of an Amoeba by external stimulation. Cytosol with lower density moves faster than the denser portion. As the cytosol flows to hit the cell membrane, it protrudes to develop a pseudopodium. There are numerous pseudopodia developed in an amoeboid cell.
2. The tip of these pseudopodia attach with the substratum and cytosol continues to flow into them.
3. Gradually the whole protoplasm flows towards the direction of the pseudopodia and the posterior portion of the cell retracts accordingly. This type of movement by pseudopodia is called amoeboid movement.

 

 

Differences between Cilia and Flagella

WBBSE Class 10 Locomotion Overview

Question 4. Briefly describe the locomotory mechanism of Euglena. Mention the differences between locomotion in Amoeba and Euglena.

Answer:

Locomotory mechanism of Euglena:

1. The locomotory organ of Euglena is a flagellum. This is a microscopic, long and fine filamentous cytoplasmic projection. Euglena moves in water by beating of the flagellum, therefore this movement is called flagellar movement The locomotory mechanism of Euglena is described as follows—
2. Euglena beats I’LS flagellum sidewise like a whip or rotates it around the longitudinal axis.
3. Movement of the flagellum generates turbulence in water and Euglena moves in opposition to its flagellum.
4. Euglena has a photosensitive eyespot This helps it to sense light and guide it during locomotion towards the illuminated zone of the water body.

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

 

Differences between locomotion of Amoeba and Euglena

 

Question 5. Briefly describe the method of locomotion in Paramoecium. Mention a few ciliated cells other than Paramoecium.

Answer:

Locomotary mechanism of Paramoecium:

The locomotory organs of Paramoecium are cilia. These are tiny, very fine and densely arranged filamentous structures present all over the outer surface of its cell body. The method locomotion in Paramoecium through cilia is mentioned here.

1. All cilia show a synchronised whiplash movement. The first phase of this movement is the effective stroke, during which the cilium bends sharply in one direction.
2. Effective stroke is followed by a slow recovery stroke during which the cilium curls back loosely to its previous direction.
3. By the coordinated movement of all cilia, a continuous wave moves across the ciliated cell surface. This ciliary wave applies a thrust in the surrounding liquid medium and pushes the Paramoecium through it. This type of movement is known as ciliary movement.

 

Types of Locomotion in Animals

Ciliated cells other than Paramoecium:

Other than Paramoecium, Vorticella is another unicellular organism that possesses cilia. Among multicellular organisms, the cells of the inner lining of the trachea, olfactory cells of the nose and hair cells of the internal ear have cilia.

Question 6. Describe with a diagram, the mechanism of locomotion in fish. Mechanism of locomotion in fish.

Answer:

The locomotory organs of fish are its fish:

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Besides these, myotome muscles and, the swim bladder also help in locomotion. The method of locomotion in fish is described here—

1. Fish has seven fins, of which pectoral and pelvic fins are paired whereas dorsal, anal and tail, fins are unpaired. Role of each of these fins are mentioned as follows—

1. Pectoral and pelvic fins help the fish in going up and down in the water. These fins also keep the fish steady at the floor of the water body during rest.
2. The dorsal fin and anal fin keep the fish steady and prevent it from rollover during swimming.
3. Tail fin beats to create a thrust in water to move the fish forward. It also helps it to change direction during swimming.

2. ‘V-shaped myotome muscles of a fish, present at two sides of the vertebral column contact alternately in a synchronised fashion. This muscular action creates a lateral undulating movement in its body that helps the fish in swimming.

3. Swim bladder of a fish maintains its buoyancy by making instantaneous and voluntary changes in gas volume and thereby helps it to stay at different levels of water.

 

 

Question 7. Describe the roles of different flight-assisting body parts of birds.

Answer:

Role of different flight-assisting body parts of birds:

Birds are primary volant animals. Most of birds perform locomotion by flight. The role of different flight-assisting body parts of birds are explained here—

1. Birds have a spindle-shaped body, which helps to overcome air resistance.
2. The bones of birds are hollow inside, hence are very light. These bones are called pneumatic bones, which keep the body lighter and thus facilitate flight.
3. The lungs of birds are associated with 9 air sacs. These sacs hold extra air to reduce specific gravity and supply oxygen during high flight.
4. The forelimbs of birds are modified into wings. It is outwardly convex and inwardly concave. This shape facilitates in holding air during flight.
5. The edge of each wing has 23 and the edge of the tail has 12 l^rge ore-shaped flight feathers. These are called remiges and rectrices respectively.’The feathers have barbs, barbules and interlocking hooks, which keep the feather intact even in heavy air thrust.
6. To beat continuously, the wings are fitted with strong flight muscles. The Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and coach brachialis are the three flight muscles, which help in the flight of birds.

Life Science Class 10 Wbbse

Difference Between Remiges And Rectrices

Question 8. Describe the mechanism of bipedal locomotion in man.

Answer:

Bipedal locomotion in man:

Human locomotion occurs by bipedal movement. Two legs take part in this locomotion hence it is called bipedal locomotion. Leg bones, bone joints and various leg muscles act in a coordinated fashion in this locomotion.

The mechanism of bipedal locomotion is described here—

1. At first, the upper portion of the body tends to move forward while the two legs remain anchored on the ground.
2. As the upper portion approaches forward, it tends to fall. To avert it, one leg, for instance, the left leg moves forward and places the foot ahead. At this moment, the right leg holds the body weight.
3. As the left foot touches the ground, the right knee folds and the heel is lifted With this movement, the upper portion of the body progresses forward and shifts its weight to the left leg.
4. Now, the right toe is lifted from the ground and the foot is placed ahead of the left leg. In this process, the two legs alternately move up and down and hence, move forward to aid in walking.
5. To maintain body balance, two hands swing forward and backwards alternately. When one leg moves forward the opposite hand extends.
6. The cerebellum and the semi-circular canals of the internal ear also play important roles in keeping body balanced during bipedal movement.

 

 

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 9. What is meant by movable or synovial joint? Describe it in brief.

Answer:

Movable or synovial joint:

The bone joint in which the bones are articulated in a movable manner and offer some degree of free movement is called a movable joint.

The point of articulation between two bones of a movable joint has a thin space, which remains filled with synovial fluid. Therefore, this type of joint is also called a synovial joint

Description of movable or synovial joint:

The description of movable or synovial joint is given here.

1. In this joint, the articulated ends of the bones remain attached to each other by thin but strong ligaments.
2. The heads of the bones remain coated with a thin fibrous tissue membrane called the synovial membrane.
3. The fine space present in between the membrane-coated ends of the two bones is known as synovial space.
4. The space remains filled with an aqueous lubricating fluid called synovial fluid.
5. The synovial fluid protects the bone ends against frictional wearing and supplies nutrition to the surrounding tissues.
6. The ends of bones are covered by thick cartilaginous tissue, called articular cartilage. It allows the bones to glide over each other with minimum friction.
7. There are different types of movable joints—ball and socket joint, hinge joint, angular joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, etc.

Difference Between Remiges And Rectrices

 

Functions of Muscles in Locomotion

Question 10. Give a brief description of the mechanism with examples of human skeletal muscles, involved in

1. Flexion,
2. Extension,
3. Abduction,
4. Adduction and
5. Rotation.

Answer:

The action of some human skeletal muscles:

Difference Between Remiges And Rectrices

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 11. Distinguish between flexion and extension. Mention the differences between abduction and adduction.

Answer:

Differences between flexion and extension

 

Differences between abduction and adduction

Difference Between Remiges And Rectrices

Chapter 1 Locomotion Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is locomotion?

Answer:

Locomotion:

Locomotion is a physical activity by which an organism changes its overall position in response to a stimulus or spontaneously.

Question 2. What is meant by response in animals?

Answer:

Response in animals:

Response in animals means the movement of body parts or changing the overall position by an animal, involving the activity of muscles and bones.

Question 3. What are pseudopodia?

Answer:

Pseudopodia:

Pseudopodia are temporary finger-like protrusions of protoplasm with cell membrane from the surface of amoeboid cells for the purpose of feeding and locomotion.

Question 4. What are cilia?

Answer:

Cilia:

Cilia are minute, numerous hair-like projections emerging from the surface of some unicellular organisms, which perform rhythmic beating for locomotion.

Question 5. What are flagella?

Answer:

Flagella:

Flagella are fine, slender, whip-like projections of some unicellular organisms, used for the purpose of swimming.

Question 6. What does amoeboid movement mean?

Answer:

Amoeboid movement

Amoeboid movement is a locomotory movement of unicellular organisms, executed by means of pseudopodia. Protozoans like Amoeba and blood cells like neutrophils perform the amoeboid movement.

Question 7. How does Paramoecium perform ciliary movement?

Answer:

Paramoecium has numerous densely arranged cilia along its cell membrane. All its cilia beat in a coordinated manner to create an undulating wave along the cell surface. This ciliary wave helps it to swim in the water bodies.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 8. What is ciliary movement?

Answer:

Ciliary movement:

The locomotion of unicellular organisms by rhythmic beating of cilia beating in a liquid medium is called ciliary movement etc. Paramoecium, and Vorticella, perform a ciliary movement.

Question 9. What is flagellar movement?

Answer:

Flagellar movement:

The locomotion of a unicellular organism by whipping or rotating of flagella in any liquid medium is called flagellar movement. Euglena, Trypanosoma, etc. perform flagellar movement.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 10. What is myotome muscle?

Answer:

Myotome muscle

The ‘V-shaped muscle present on two sides of vertebra of fish extending from head to tail is called myotome muscle. These muscle helps in swimming.

Question 11. Mention the location of myotome muscles. State their functions.

Answer:

Location of myotome muscles:

Myotome muscles are located at the two lateral sides of the body of a fish, extending from the back of the operculum to the base of the tail fin.

Functions of myotome muscles:

These muscles at lateral sides, contract and expand alternately in a synchronised manner to create an undulating movement of the body. The thrust that is created, helps the fish to move forward in water.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 12. Mention the roles of the fins of fish.

Answer:

Fins of fish perform the following functions-

1. Pectoral and pelvic fins help the fish to move up and down in the water.
2. Dorsal fins keep the body steady and prevent rolling over.
3. The tail fin helps in propelling the fish through water and changing direction during locomotion.
4. The anal fin maintains the stability of the fish in the water while swimming.

 

 

Question 13. What would have happened to a bony fish if it had not developed any paired fin?

Answer:

If a bony fish had not developed any of its paired fins, like pectoral and pelvic fins, it would not have been able to move up and down in water and cannot remain steady in a stationary condition.

Question 14. What would have happened to a bony fish if it had not developed a swim bladder?

Answer:

If a bony fish had not developed a swim bladder, it would fail to maintain its buoyancy. In this situation, it could not go at different depths of the water body and not even stay stationary at a certain depth.

If it had to survive, it would have to stay at the floor of the water body.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 15. Mention the functions of the tail fin of a fish.

Answer:

The functions of tail fin of a fish are as follows—

1. The tail fin gives the ultimate thrust on the water to push the body forward (propulsion).
2. The tail fin controls the direction of movement of the fish while swimming.

Question 16. What are flight feathers? Mention their types.

Answer:

Flight feathers:

The larger feathers, which are arranged along the inner edge of wings and end of the tail of a bird, are called flight feathers.

Types of flight feathers:

The flight feathers are of two types—the remiges present in the wings and the rectrices along the end of the tail.

Question 17. What are flight muscles?

Answer:

Flight muscles:

The voluntary muscles attached to the wings and tail of birds, which help in beating of wings and rotating of the tail during flight, are called flight muscles.

Example: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis.

Question 18. How do the feathers remain intact in air pressure?

Answer:

A feather has numerous lateral filamentous barbs. Each barb develops lateral barbules and microscopic hooks from both the sides. These hooks interlock the barbules and thereby the barbs as well.

Due to this cross interlocking of the barbs and barbules, the feathers remain intact in wind pressure, if any portion of it splits, it rejoins at once at the two opposing hooks that encounter each other.

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 19. Differentiate between remiges and rectrices.

Answer:

Differences between remiges and rectrices are—

 

Question 20. Why is human locomotion called bipedal locomotion?

Answer:

The locomotory organs of humans are two legs. By continuous and synchronised movement of these two legs, a man moves from one place to an order. Therefore, human locomotion is called bipedal locomotion.

Question 21. What is skeletal muscle? Give two examples of muscle helping in locomotion.

Answer:

Skeletal muscle:

The muscle attached to bones by tendon and helps in locomotion are called skeletal muscle.

Example: Biceps femoris and gastrocnemius.

Question 22. Mention how the skeletal muscles help in human movement and locomotion.

Answer:

Skeletal muscles remain attached to different movable bones of different limbs. By the voluntary contraction of these muscles, the concerned limbs move. Thus, skeletal muscles help in human movement and locomotion.

Skeletal System and Locomotion

Question 23. Why is the movable bone joint called the synovial joint?

Answer:

In between the joining ends of two bones of a movable joint, there remains a thin space. A lubricating fluid is present in it, called synovial fluid. Therefore, this type of bone joint is called a synovial joint.

Question 24. What are the functions of synovial fluid?

Answer:

The functions of synovial fluid are—

1. The synovial fluid prevents the decay of bones due to friction.
2. Synovial fluid nourishes the cartilage present in the joint.

Question 25. What is a tender?

Answer:

Tender:

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. These are generally bright white in colour.

Question 26. What is a hinge joint?

Answer:

Hinge joint:

The bone joint, in which the bones move at an angle of 180° in a single plane, is called the hinge joint. For example—The elbow and knee are hinge joints.

 

Wbbse Class 10 Life Science Solutions

Question 27. Mention the characteristics of the hinge joint.

Answer:

Characteristics of hinge joint are as follows—

1. One bone of this joint has a round head and the other has a concave head.
2. The bones move at a maximum angle of 180° only in one plane.

Question 28. What is a bait and socket joint?

Answer:

Bait and socket joint:

The movable joint in which one bone with a partially spherical head is articulated with a cup¬shaped cavity of another bone is called the ball and socket joint.

This allows multidirectional movement and rotation. This type of joint is present in the shoulder and hip.

Question 29. Mention the characteristics of bail and socket joints.

Answer:

Characteristics of ball and socket joints are as follows—

1. One bone of this joint has a spherical head (ball) and the other bone has a cup-shaped end (socket).
2. In this joint, the socket remains fixed but the ball-ended bone can rotate almost at any direction.

 

 

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 30. What is rotator muscle?

Answer:

Rotator muscle:

The muscle, which helps an organ to rotate around a central axis, is called the rotator muscle.

Example: Piriformis muscle of the lower limb.

Question 31. What is flexor muscle?

Answer:

Flexor muscle:

The muscle, which contracts to fold a limb, is called flexor muscle.

Example: Biceps muscle of the upper arm.

Question 32. What is extensor muscle?

Answer:

Extensor muscle:

The muscle, which contrasts to extend a folded limb, is called the extensor muscle.

Example: Triceps muscle of the upper arm.

Question 33. What is the abductor muscle?

Answer:

Abductor muscle:

The muscle, which contracts to pull a limb away from the body’s axis, is called abductor’s muscle.

Example: Gluteus maximus muscle of the hip, deltoid muscle of the shoulder.

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 34. What is the adductor muscle?

Answer:

Adductor muscle:

The muscle, which contracts to pull a limb close to the body’s axis, is called adductor muscle.

Example: Adductor longus muscle of the thigh.

Human Locomotion Mechanism

Chapter 1 Locomotion Very Short Answer Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions And Answers [Mcq]

Question 1. The overall change in position of an organism from one place to another is called—

1. Movement
2. Locomotion
3. Transportation
4. Displacement

Answer: 2. Locomotion

Question 2. Which of the following organisms performs locomotion by means of pseudopodia?

1. Amoeba
2. Cockroach
3. Paramoecium
4. Butterfly

Answer: 1. Amoeba

Question 3. Paramoecium performs locomotion by—

1. Flagella
2. Cilia
3. Pseudopodia
4. Muscular foot

Answer: 2. Cilia

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 4. _______ performs locomotion by flagella.

1. Cockroach
2. Euglena
3. Paramoecium
4. Amoeba

Answer: 2. Euglena

Question 5. The number of fins found in bony fishes is—

1. One
2. Five
3. Seven
4. Nine

Answer: 3. Seven

Question 6. Myotome muscles are present in—

1. Fishes
2. Bats
3. Dragonflies
4. Pigeons

Answer: 1. Fishes

Question 7. While swimming, which of the following helps in changing direction in fish?

1. Caudal fin
2. Dorsal fin
3. Anal fin
4. Pelvic fin

Answer: 1. Caudal fin

Question 8. Which of the following is the locomotory organ in a human body?

1. Hand
2. Leg
3. Forelimb
4. Tail

Answer: 2. Leg

Question 9. Which of the following organisms is not capable of locomotion?

1. Coral
2. Cockroach
3. Spider
4. Snail

Answer: 1. Coral

Question 10. The organ which helps fishes to float in water, is called—

1. Fins
2. Air bladder
3. Operculum
4. Lateral line sense organ

Answer: 2. Air bladder

Question 11. A plant, which is capable of locomotion, is

1. Fern
2. Cuscuta
3. Chlamydomonas
4. Mucor

Answer: 3. Chlamydomonas

Question 12. An animal, which is not capable of locomotion, is—

1. Starfish
2. Earthworm
3. Sponge
4. Hydra

Answer: 3. Sponge

Question 13. Where do you find the ball and socket joints?

1. Shoulder
2. Knee
3. Thumb
4. Elbow

Answer: 1. Shoulder

Question 14. In which of the following, a hinge joint is seen?

1. Waist
2. Shoulder
3. Elbow
4. Skull

Answer: 3. Elbow

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 15. In which of the following, an immovable joint is seen?

1. Waist
2. Shoulder
3. Skull
4. Elbow

Answer: 3. Skull

Question 16. The type of movement, which is seen in humans, is called—

1. Bipedal movement
2. Amoeboid movement
3. Ciliary movement
4. Flagellar movement

Answer: 1. Bipedal movement

Question 17. Which of the following animals performs locomotion by means of swimming?

1. Hydra
2. Sponge
3. Fish
4. Amoeba

Answer: 3. Fish

Question 18. Which of the following animals performs locomotion by means of flight?

1. Earthworm
2. Snail
3. Bird
4. Lizard

Answer: 3. Bird

Question 19. Locomotory organ of fish—

1. Fin
2. Swim bladder
3. Lateral line sense organ
4. Undulating membrane

Answer: 1. Fin

Question 20. The bone, which is absent in hands, is—

1. Radius
2. Ulna
3. Humerus
4. Femur

Answer: 4. Femur

Question 21. Sunlight plays an important role in the movement of which animal?

1. Amoeba
2. Paramoecium
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Euglena

Answer: 4. Euglena

Question 22. Tibia, femur and patella unite at—

1. Pelvic girdle
2. Knee
3. Elbow
4. Ankle

Answer: 2. Knee

wbbse class 10 life science question answer

Question 23. Hip joint is the union of—

1. Femur and pelvic girdle
2. Femur and scapula
3. Humerus and scapula
4. Radius and ulna

Answer: 1. Femur and pelvic girdle

Question 24. Shoulder joint involves—

1. Scapula and humerus
2. Humerus and ulna
3. Femur and tibia
4. Pelvic girdle and femur

Answer: 1. Scapula and humerus

Question 25. Ligaments, tendons and bone joints are part of the—

1. Respiratory system
2. Musculature
3. Skeletal system
4. Circulatory system

Answer: 3. Skeletal system

Question 26. The number of remiges present in each wing of a pigeon is—

1. 11
2. 13
3. 19
4. 23

Answer: 4. 23

Question 27. The number of rectrices present in the tail of the pigeon is—

1. 6
2. 8
3. 12
4. 16

Answer: 3. 12

Question 28. Which of the following muscles is not a flight muscle of a pigeon?

1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Myotome
4. Coraco brachialis

Answer: 3. Myotome

Question 29. Myotome muscles are seen in—

1. Human body
2. Fish
3. Whale
4. Toad

Answer: 2. Fish

Question 30. The skeletal muscle that aids in the folding of a limb is called—

1. Rotator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Abductor

Answer: 2. Flexor

Question 31. The skeletal, muscle that aids in the unfolding of a folded limb is called—

1. Rotator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Abductor

Answer: 3. Extensor

Question 32. The skeletal muscle that aids a limb to move away from the body axis is called—

1. Rotator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Abductor

Answer: 4. Abductor

Question 33. The skeletal muscle that aids in pulling a limb close to the body axis ifc called—

1. Rotator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Adductor

Answer: 4. Adductor

Question 34. The skeletal muscle that aids in rotating a limb is called—

1. Rotator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Abductor

Answer: 1. Rotator

Question 35. The muscle helping in flexion is—

1. Triceps
2. Biceps
3. Deltoid
4. Rotator

Answer: 2. Biceps

Question 36. The muscle that helps in adduction is—

1. Triceps
2. Biceps
3. Deltoid
4. Latissimus dorsi

Answer: 4. Latissimus dorsi

Question 37. An abductor’s muscle is —

1. Deltoid
2. Biceps
3. Triceps
4. Stapedius

Answer: 1. Deltoid

Question 38. Match the words of column-A with that of column B and select which of the following options is correct—

1. 1. A, 2. B, 3. C
2. 1. B, 2. C, 3. A
3. 1. C, 2. A, 3. B
4. 1, C, 2. A, 3. C

Answer: 3. 1. C, 2. A, 3. B

Common Disorders Affecting Locomotion

Chapter 1 Locomotion Answer In a single Word Or Sentence

Question 1. Name the locomotory organ of Amoeba.
Answer: Pseudopodia

Question 2. What is the locomotory organ of Euglena?
Answer: Flagellum

Question 3. What are the locomotory organs of a fish?
Answer: Fins

Question 4. What are the locomotory organs of a bird?
Answer: A pair of wings and two legs are the locomotory organs of a bird.

Question 5. Name the muscle that helps in locomotion of a fish.
Answer: Myotome muscles

Question 6. Name the paired fins of a fish.
Answer: Pectoral and pelvic fins

Question 7. Name the unpaired fins of a fish.
Answer: Caudal, dorsal and anal fins

Question 8. Which fin helps a fish to change its direction during swimming?
Answer: Caudal or tail fin

Question 9. Which organ of a fish helps it to float in water?
Answer: Swim bladder

Question 10. What will happen to a fish if all its fins are tied with a thread?
Answer: A fish will not be able to swim and keep its balance in water if all its fins are tied with a thread.

Question 11. when does Amoeba grow its pseudopodia?
Answer: During movement and food capturing, Amoeba grows its pseudopodia.

Question 12. Which type of locomotion does an adult human perform?
Answer: Bipedal locomotion

Question 13. Name a voluntary muscle.
Answer: Biceps

Question 14. Which type of muscle is the biceps?
Answer: Flexor muscle

Question 15. Name an extensor muscle.
Answer: Triceps

Question 16. How do you denote the point of contact ‘ between two bones?
Answer: The point of contact between two bones is called the bone joint.

Question 17. Name the structure, which connects two bones in a bone joint.
Answer: Ligament

Question 18. Where do you find hinge joints?
Answer: We find hinge joints in the elbow and knee.

Question 19. Where do you find ball and socket joints?
Answer: We find ball and socket joints in the shoulder and hip.

Question 20. Which characteristic feature of muscle fibres helps in movement and locomotion?
Answer: Contractibility of muscle fibres helps in movement and locomotion.

Question 21. Which type of joint is the knee joint?
Answer: Hinge joint

Question 22. Which fins help a fish to move up and down in the water?
Answer: Pectoral and pelvic fins

Question 23. Name the ‘V-shaped muscles present at both sides of the lateral line of a fish.
Answer: Myotome muscles

Question 24. Which muscle helps in extending a folded, limb?
Answer: Extensor muscles

Question 25. Which muscle helps to rotate a body part?
Answer: Rotator muscles

Question 26. Which muscle does help to move a limb away from the axis of the body?
Answer: Abductor’s muscles

Question 27. Name the flight feathers present along the posterior edge ot wings of a bird.
Answer: Remiges

Question 28. Name the large feathers present at the tail end of a bird.
Answer: Rectrices

Question 29. Name a unicellular organism having a photosensitive eyespot.
Answer: Euglena

Question 30. Which flight muscle helps a bird to move downward during the flight?
Answer: Pectoralis major

Question 31. Which flight muscle helps a bird to move upward during flight?
Answer: Pectoralis minor

Question 32. Which part of the internal ear helps to maintain body balance?
Answer: Semicircular canals

Locomotory Organs in Different Animals

Chapter 1 Locomotion Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. One of the objectives of ________ is the search for food.
Answer: Locomotion

Question 2. Chlamydomonas is a ________ capable of locomotion.
Answer: Plant

Question 3. The locomotory organ of Amoeba is ________.
Answer: Pseudopodium

Question 4. Paramoecium moves in ________ the direction to the movement of cilia.
Answer: Opposite

Question 5. The ________ of Euglena helps in determining the direction of its movement.
Answer: Eyespot

Question 6. The ________ present in Euglena can sense die presence of sunlight.
Answer: Eyespot

Question 7. The swim bladder of bony fish helps to maintain its ________.
Answer: Buoyancy

Question 8. ________ are the main locomotory organs of fishes.
Answer: Fins

Question 9. The ________ muscles of fish help it in swimming.
Answer: Myotome

Question 10. ________ fin of fish gives it stability in water.
Answer: Anal

Question 11. Pectoral and ________ fins are paired fins of a fish.
Answer: Pelvic

Question 12. The muscles, which help a bird in flying are called ________ muscles
Answer: Flight

Question 13. During bipedal locomotion, two ________ help in maintaining the stability of the human body.
Answer: Hands

Question 14. Articular hyaline cartilage is present in ________ joints.
Answer: Synovial

Question 15. In a hinge joint, the articulated bones can move at an angle of ________ in a single plane.
Answer: 180

Question 16. The hip joint involves pelvic girdle and ________.
Answer: Femur

Question 17. The muscles helping in the movement of bones are called ________ muscles.
Answer: Skeletal

Question 18. Sternocleidomastoid is a muscle that helps in ________ movement.
Answer: Rotational

Question 19. ________ muscle of hand contracts to fold the arm.
Answer: Biceps

Question 20. ________ muscle helps in the extension of the arm.
Answer: Triceps

Question 21. ________ muscle is ‘Y shaped.
Answer: Myotome

Question 22. The elbow joint is a ________ joint.
Answer: Hinge

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion State True Or False

Question 1. The movement of any limb away from the body axis is called a flexor.
Answer: False

Question 2. Joints of the knee and elbow are examples of hinge joints.
Answer: True

Question 3. The synovial fluid protects the movable bone ends against friction.
Answer: True

Question 4. Fins of birds help in flight.
Answer: False

Question 5. The tail feathers of birds are called remiges.
Answer: False

Question 6. During locomotion in man, the cerebellum helps in maintaining body balance.
Answer: True

Question 7. The tail fin of fish helps in changing direction during swimming.
Answer: True

Question 8. The biceps is example of an extensor muscle.
Answer: False

Question 9. Fins with fin rays are seen only in bony fishes.
Answer: True

Question 10. Byespot is present in Amoeba.
Answer: False

Question 11. Flagella help in the locomotion of Amoeba.
Answer: False

Question 12. Paramoecium is a sessile organism.
Answer: False

Question 13. Corals are incapable of locomotion.
Answer: True

Question 14. The skull bones are movably articulated with each other.
Answer: False

Question 15. In the ball and socket joint, the bones can move in more than two axes.
Answer: True

Question 16. Flagella is the locomotory organ of Paramoecium.
Answer: True

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion Match The Columns

Question 1.

Answer: 1. B, 2. D, 3. G, 4. A, 5. E, 6. C

Question 2.

Answer: 1. E, 2. C, 3. D, 4. F, 5. A, 6. B

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion Find The Odd One Out

Question 1. Pectoral fin, Caudal fin, Anal fin, Dorsal fin
Answer: Pectoral fin

Question 2. Amoeba, Cilia, Flagella, Fins
Answer: Amoeba

Question 3. Extensor digitorum, Myotome, Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris
Answer: Myotome

Question 4. Synovial membrane, Ligament, Synovial fluid, Tendon
Answer: Tendon

Question 5. Gastrocnemius muscle, Pectoralis major, Coracobrachialis, Pectoralis minor
Answer: Gastrocnemius muscle

Question 6. Eye, Cerebellum, Semicircular Canal, Otolith
Answer: Eye

Question 7. Rotator, Extensor, Flexor, Fin
Answer: Fin

Question 8. Extensor muscle, Abductor muscle, Adductor muscle, Heart muscle
Answer: Heart muscle

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion Fill In The Blanks By looking At The First pair

Question 1. Flagellar movement: Euglena :: Ciliary movement:
Answer: Paramoecium

Question 2. Fish: Fins :: Amoeba:
Answer: Pseudopodia

Question 3. Biceps: Flexion of hand:: Triceps:
Answer: Extension of hand

Question 4. Pelvic girdle: Femur:: Pectoral girdle:
Answer: Humerus

Question 5. Elbow: Hinge joint:: Shoulder:
Answer: Ball and socket joint

Question 6. Pulling hand close to body axis: Latissimus dorsi:: Moving hand away from the body axis:
Answer: Deltoid

Question 7. Wings: Remiges :: Tail:
Answer: Rectrices

Question 8. Pectoralis major: Flight :: Biceps femoris :
Answer: Walking

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion Among The Four Concepts Given, Three Of Them Belong To One Find That

Question 1. Ciliary movement, Lateral undulation of the tail, Aquatic locomotion, Flagellar movement
Answer:  Aquatic movement

Question 2. Ball and socket joint, Biceps femoris, Lifting of the leg, Extensor digitorum
Answer: Lifting of legs

Question 3. Changing flight direction, Twelve rectrices, Tail of a flying bird, Contraction of tail muscles
Answer: Changing flight direction

Question 4. Expansion of dorsal fin, Movement of pectoral fins, Maintaining body balance, Expansion of pelvic fins
Answer:  Maintaining body balance

Question 5. Socket joint, Synovial joint, Hinge joint, Hip joint
Answer: Synovial joint

Question 6. Remiges, Rectrices, Flight feather, Quill
Answer:  Flight feather

 

Chapter 1 Locomotion Advanced Questions And Answers

Question 1. What is a crescograph?

Answer:

Crescograph

Crescograph is a highly sensitive device, invented by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose to detect even the mildest sensitivity of plants., This instrument is used to create impulses in the plant body and to record the response shown by it.

With this instrument, he performed experiments on the touch-me-not plant and telegraph plant.

Question 2. What is nyctinasty?

Answer:

Nyctinasty

The induced movement of curvature in plants, which is controlled by the intensity of both light and heat, are spread widely in hot and bright sun in midday but folds in late afternoon as the intensity of heat and light starts decreasing.

Question 3. What is meant by the Richmond-Lang effect?

Answer:

Richmond-Lang effect

Cytokinin hinders the denaturation of chlorophyll, proteins and nucleic acids of leaves and thus delays their immature shedding.

By this process, it protects other organs of a plant from early senescence and keeps them fresh for a longer time. This is called the Richmond-Lang effect.

Question 4. Mention the opposite actions of auxin and cytokinin.

Answer:

The opposite actions of auxin and cytokinin

Auxin enhances the growth of apical buds and maintains apical dominance, whereas, cytokinin prevents these actions. On the other hand, cytokinin promotes the growth of axillary buds but auxin prevents it.

Question 5. Mention two applications of animal hormone.

Answer:

Two applications of animal hormones are as follows—

1. By the application of pituitary hormone extract, fishes can be induced for breeding.
2. In case of acute breathing distress, adrenaline provides instant relief.

Question 6. Mention names, nature and function of 12 pairs of cranial nerves of humans.

Answer:

Question 7. What is acetabulum?

Answer:

Acetabulum

The socket-shaped portions of each pelvic girdle, located lateral to the hip region, in which the head of the femur fits, is called the acetabulum. The acetabulum and head of the lemur lit in a ball and socket joint.

Question 8. What is meant by synaptic delay?

Answer:

Synaptic delay

Synaptic delay is the brief period of time which is required for transmission of a nerve impulse horn one neurone to the next, across a synapse.