WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 History Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses

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Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Salient Points At A Glance

1. The Revolt of 1857 was the most severe outburst of discontent following the battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764). The annexationist policy of the British, the long years of economic exploitation by the East India Company, and the grievances of the Indian sepoys combined to create an atmosphere of rebellion.

2. The main centres of the revolt were Delhi, Kanpur, Awadh, Barrackpore, Meerut, Lucknow, Shahjanpur, Muradabad, Bareilly, Bundelkhand, Allahabad, Jhansi, Fatehpur, Benaras, Arrah, Rohilkhand and Gaya.

3. Most European historians point out that it was a revolt of Indian soldiers. The revolt was not a national war of independence, as it was confined to a small part of India. However the nationalists of India have hailed it as the First War of Indian Independence.

4. The Revolt of 1857 failed because there was no centralised leadership and proper coordination. There were no experienced military generals among the rebel leaders. except Tantia Topi, Laxmi Bai and Nana Saheb. The lack of popular support and the apathy of Indian rulers also contributed to the failure of the mutiny.

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5. The Revolt brought about a shift in British policy towards India. The rule of the English East India Company ended and India was brought under the British Crown by the Government of India Act of 1858.

6. The associates of Rammohan Roy took the task of organising political associations. In 1836, the first such association was formed which was called ‘Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha’. It sent petitions and memorials to the Government.

7. The ‘Landholders’ Society’, founded in July 1838, marked the beginning of organised political activity. It was established to organise protests against unjust governmental policies.

8. The Indian Association (1876) organised the first all-India agitation in 1877-78, on the issues of Civil Service and the Press Act. It organised two ‘National Conferences’ in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1883 and 1885.

9. Hindu Mela was organised by Nabagopal Mitra. The newly established theatre was directly anti-British. It exposed the merciless tyranny of indigo planters in ‘Nil Darpan’ by Dinabandhu Mitra, which led directly to Lytton’s Dramatic Performance Act in 1876.

10. The 19th Century Indian literature roused national consciousness among the people. A host of literary men like Bankim Chandra, Vivekananda, and Rabindranath preached nationalism through their writings. Bankim Chandra’s ‘Anandamath’ played an important role in arousing national consciousness. The song ‘Bande Mataram’ which features in his novel ‘Anandamath’ became the national hymn.

With the growth of nationalism, the identity of India came to be associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Rabindranath’s vision of nationalism found expression in his novel Gora. ‘Bartaman Bharat’ by Vivekananda contains deep feelings about the nation. Its closing paragraph is addressed to every Indian, urging them to rise and awake to the national ideal of identity with the Indian heritage.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic A The Great Revolt Of 1857 Mark True Or False

Question 1. The Revolt of 1857 had its beginning in Meerut.
Answer: True

Question 2. Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India at the time of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer: True

Question 3. The mutineers of the Revolt of 1857 in Kanpur were led by Nana Saheb.
Answer: True

Question 4. Tantia Topi was hanged to death on charges of treason.
Answer: True

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Question 5. Amar Singh was the leader of the Revolt of 1857 in Jagadishpur.
Answer: True

Question 6. Awadh was annexed by Dalhousie on the ground of maladministration.
Answer: True

Question 7. The Revolt of 1857 broke out in Southern India.
Answer: False

Question 8. Mangal Pandey was executed on March 29, 1857.
Answer: True

Question 9. The combined forces of Laxmi Bai and Tantia Topi were defeated by General Dyer at Gwalior.
Answer: False

Question 10. Considering the nature of the Revolt of 1857, the old school of historians found it difficult to call it the ‘War of Independence’.
Answer: True

Question 11. The administration of India was transferred to the British Crown in 1885.
Answer: False

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic A The Great Revolt Of 1857 Fill In The Blanks

1. Kunwar Singh (Kunwar Singh/Tantia Topi/ Mangal Pandey) was the chief organiser of the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar.
2. 1858 Rani Laxmi Bai died fighting in (1858/ 1857/1859).
3. The sepoys of Dum Dum (Dum Dum/Barrackpore /Meerut) were the first to express their resentment at the use of the greased cartridges.
4. 1856 Awadh was annexed to the company’s dominions in (1856/1858/1865).
5. 1856 General Services Enlistment Act was passed in (1856/1865/1857).
6. Laxmi Bai successfully captured Gwalior with the help of Tantia Topi (Tantia Topi/Nana Saheb/Mangal Pandey).
7. Delhi (Meerut/ Kanpur/Delhi) was the first place to fall after the beginning of the Revolt of 1857.
8. The Revolt in Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb (Laxmi Bai/Nana Saheb/Mangal Pandey).
9. In Bengal, Barrackpore (Nadia/Barrackpore/Barasat) near Calcutta was the centre of the initial spark of the Revolt of 1857.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1 The Sepoys were discontented against the British because
1. There was a great disparity between the salaries of the Indian and European soldiers.
2. The Christian missionaries openly ridiculed their long-cherished customs and their traditions
3. The English sis does not establish any social relationship traditions.

Answer: 1. There was a great disparity between the salaries of the Indian and European soldiers.

Question 2 The Revolt of 1857 failed because
1. It lacked a common goal, proper coordination, centralised control, popular support and the sympathy of Indian rulers.
2. Some of the Indian Sepoys joined the British side.
3. There was a lack of unity among the Sepoys.

Answer: 1. It lacked a common goal, proper coordination, centralised control, popular support and the sympathy of Indian rulers.

Question 3 The English historians have painted the Revolt of 1857 as
1. A Mutiny of Sepoys.
2. The Great Revolt.
3. A War of Indian Independence.

Answer: 1. A Mutiny of Sepoys.

Question 4 The old school of historians found it difficult to call the Revolt of 1857 a War of Independence because
1. The Bengali intellectuals were apathetic to the Revolt of 1857.
2. There was no definite political ideal, no plan and no coordination among the rebels.
3. Only an influential section of people participated in the revolt.

Answer: 2. There was no definite political ideal, no plan and no coordination among the rebels.

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Question 5 The Revolt of 1857 is described as the Great Revolt by the nationalist historians of India, because
1. The Revolt of 1857 was successful.
2. The Revolt of 1857 was the first war of Indian independence
3. The Revolt of 1857 spread in large areas and among all classes of people.

Answer: 3. The Revolt of 1857 spread in large areas and among all classes of people.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic B Age Of Association Mark True Or False

Question 1. The Bangabhasa Prakashika Sabha of 18365 is known to be the first political association! of Bengal.
Answer: True

Question 2. The Landholders’ Society was political. organisation.
Answer: True

Question 3. The joint founders of the Landholders’ Society were Prasanna Kumar Tagore and W C Harry.
Answer: True

Question 4. The Indian Association had many branches in and outside Bengal.
Answer: True

Question 5. The Hindu Mela was established in 1876.
Answer: False

Question 6. One of the leading figures of the Hindu Mela was Rajnarayan Basu.
Answer: True

Question 7. Satyendranath Tagore and Dwijendranath Basu composed patriotic songs which used to be sung at the Hindu Mela.
Answer: True

Question 8. The Indian Association agitated against the Vernacular Press Act and the Arms Act.
Answer: True

Question 9. The Vernacular Press Act was passed under Lord Ripon’s Viceroyalty.
Answer: False

Question 10. Lord Lytton annulled the Vernacular Press Act.
Answer: False

Question 11. The Indian Association protested against the Albert Bill.
Answer: False

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic B Age Of Association Fill In The Blanks

1. Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha was established in 1836 (1836/1863/1837).
2. Rajendra Lal Mitra was a famous leader of the Landholder’s Society (Landholders’ Society/Indian Association/Indian National Congress).
3. Landholders’ Society was founded by Dwarkanath Tagore (Dwarkanath Tagore/Nabagopal Mitra/ Rajendralal Mitra).
4. The Indian Association was founded by Surendranath Benerjee (Surendranath Benerjee/Nabagopal Mitra/ Dwarkanath Tagore).
5. One of the aims of the Indian Association was to rally the masses in the great political (social/political/economic) movement of the day.
6. Ilbert Bill was passed during the Governor Generalship of Ripon (Ripon/Lynton/ Dalhousie).
7. Dramatic Performance Act was passed in 1876 (1876/1867/1879).
8. Rajnarayan Basu (Abanindranath Tagore/ Rajnarayan Basu/ Surendranath Banerjee) was affectionately called the ‘Grandfather of Indian Nationalism’.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses  Topic B Age Of Association Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1 The Landholders’ Society was established to uphold
1. The interests of the middle class.
2. The interests of the peasants and the ryots.
3. The interests of the Zamindars.

Answer: 3. The interests of the Zamindars.

Question 2 The main object of the Hindu Mela was
1. To create a spirit of unity among the people.
2. To achieve independence from British rule.
3. To foster a spirit of self-help among the Hindus.

Answer: 3. To foster a spirit of self-help among the Hindus.

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Question 3 The contribution of Bharat Sabha is remarkable because
1. Bharat Sabha took steps to spread women’s education.
2. Bharat Sabha tried to protect the interests of the zamindars.
3. Bharat Sabha took steps to create political consciousness among the people.

Answer: 3. Bharat Sabha took steps to create political consciousness among the people.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic C Expression Of Nationalism In Writings And Paintings Mark True Or False

Question 1. The painter of ‘Cramming Machine’ was Abanindranath Tagore.
Answer: False

Question 2. The painter of ‘Auto Speechola’ was Gaganendranath Tagore.
Answer: True

Question 3. The novel ‘Gora’ reflects the socio-political scenario of Bengal in the pre-independent.
Answer: True

Question 4. It was in the 20th century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be associated with the image of ‘Bharat Mata’.
Answer: True

Question 5. In his novel, ‘Gora’ Rabindranath Tagore supported European society.
Answer: True

Question 6. Rabindranath Tagore’s spiritual call, “Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached” inspired the Indian nationalists.
Answer: False

Question 7. Gaganendranath Tagore was a well-known artist and cartoonist of Bengal.
Answer: True

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic C Expression Of Nationalism In Writings And Paintings Fill In The Blanks

1. ‘Courtesy to Countrymen’ was painted by Gaganendranath Tagore (Rabindranath Tagore/Abanindranath Tagore/Gaganendranath Tagore).
2. The author of ‘Bartaman Bharat’ was Swami Vivekananda (Swami Vivekananda/Bankim Chandra/ Nabagopal Mitra).
3. The author of ‘Anandamath’ is Bankim Chandra (Surendranath Banerjee/Bankim Chandra/ Rabindranath)
4. In his cartoon ‘Millstone of Caste’ Gaganendranath Tagore (Rabindranath Tagore/Gaganendranath Tagore/Vivekananda) highlights the caste system and the inequality in the Hindu Society.
5. The ‘father of Bengali cartoon pictures’ is Gaganendranath Tagore (Chandi Lahiri/Gaganendranath Tagore/Abanindranath Tagore).

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic C Expression Of Nationalism In Writings And Paintings Choose The Best Explanation

Question 1 Swami Vivekananda composed the book ‘Bartaman Bharat’.
1. His aim was to compose the history of modern India.
2. His aim was to preach new Hinduism.
3. His aim was to preach swadeshi.

Answer: 3. His aim was to preach swadeshi.

Question 2 Rabindranath Tagore composed the novel, Gora
1. To criticise western education.
2. To criticise the colonial administrators.
3. To criticise narrow nationalism.

Answer: 3. To criticise narrow nationalism.

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Topic D Miscellaneous

Match The Columns

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Indian Association (A) Rajnarayan Basu
(2) Hindu Mela (B) Kalinath Ray Chowdhury
(3) Landholders Society (C) Surendranath Banerjee
(4) Bangabhasa Prakashika Sabha (D) Dwarkanath Tagore

 

Answer: 1-C,2-A,3-D,4-B

Column 1 Column 2
(1) IIbert Bill (A) 1878
(2) Vernacular Press Act (B) 1885
(3) Indian National Congress (C) 1875
(4) Indian Association established (D) 1883


Answer: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C

Column 1 Column 2
(1) C P IIbert (A) Famous dramatist
(2) Surendranath Banerjee (B) Governor General of India
(3) Manmohan Basu (C) Law member to the government of Lord Ripon
(4) Lord Ripon (D) Founder of the Association


Answer: 1-C,2-D,3-A,4-B

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Swami Vivekananda (A) Anandamath
(2) Rabindranath Tagore (B) Bartaman Bharat
(3) Abanindranath Tagore (C) Gora
(4) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (D) Picture of Bharat Mata


Answer: 1-B,2-C,3-D,4-A

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Nana Saheb (A) The leader of the revolt in Jhansi
(2) Kunwar Singh (B) Leader of the Revolt in Kanpur
(3) Maulavi Ahmadullah (C) Leader of the revolt in Bihar
(4) Rani Laxmi Bai (D) Leader of the Revoil in Faizabad

Answer: 1-B,2-C,3-D,4-A

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Mangal Pandey (A) Adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II
(2) Tantia topi (B) First Viceroy and last Governor General of India
(3) Nana Saheb (C) Helped Laxmi Bai to capture Gwalior
(4) Lord Dalhousie (D) Mughal Emperor


Answer: 1-D,2-C,3-A,4-B

Column 1 Column 2
(1)  Bahadur Shah II (A) First Secretary of Bharat Sabha
(2)  Lord Canning (B) Governor General of India
(3)  Ananda Moha Basu (C) First Viceroy of India
(4)  Lord Dalhousie (D) Mughal Emperor

Answer: 1-D,2-C,3-A,4-B

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Nana Saheb (A) First Secretary of Bharat Sabha
(2) Laxmi Bai (B) Died of a fatal wound in Bihar
(3) Kunwar Singh (C) Captured and sentenced to death
(4) Tantia Topi (D) His end was not known

Answer: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Dakshina Ranjan Mukherjee (A) Editor of Jnananneshan
(2) Iswar Chandra Gupta (B) Editor of the Englishman
(3) William Harry (C) Secretary of Hindu Mela
(4) Ganendranath Tagore (D) Editor of Sambad Probhakar


Answer: 1-C,2-D,3-B,4-A

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Anandamath (A) Swami Vivekananda
(2) Bartaman Bharat (B) A novel by Rabindranath Tagore
(3) Gora (C) Abanindranath Tagore
(4) Bharat Mata (D) A novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee


Answer: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C

Column 1 Column 2
(1) Abanindranath Tagore (A) University Machine
(2) Gaganendranath Tagore (B) Grandfather of Indian nationalism
(3) Rajnarayan Basu (C) Shantiniketan
(4) Ranbindranath Tagore (D) Founder of the Bengal School of painting


Answer: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C

Chapter 4 Early Stages Of Collective Action Characteristics And Analyses Advanced Questions And Answers

Question 1 Discuss the causes of the rise of nationalism among the Indians in the 19th Century.
Answer:

The causes of the rise of nationalism among the Indians in the 19th Century:

The second half of the 19th century witnessed the rise of nationalism in India. Various causes were responsible for the rise of nationalism.

These were-

[1] The British followed a policy of racial discrimination. High posts were reserved only for the English. The Arms Act of 1878, the Vernacular Press Act (1878) and the Dramatic Performance Act (1876) excited feelings of dissatisfaction among the Indians towards the government.

[2] The causes of Indian nationalism were largely promoted by the vernacular press. Several newspapers like the ‘Hindoo Patriot’, ‘Indian Mirror’, ‘Amrita Bazar Patrika’, ‘Tattwabodhini Patrika’, ‘Bengalee’, ‘Maratha’, ‘Kesari’ etc. contributed a lot to the awakening of nationalism among the Indians.

[3] 19th-century Indian literature also roused national consciousness among the people. A host of litterateur like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rangalal Bandyopadhyay, Navin Chandra Sen, Dinabandhu Mitra, Michael Madhusudan Dutta and Rabindranath Tagore preached nationalism through their writings. Gujarati nationalist writers Narmada Shakal, Ichharam Desai and the writings of Subramanya Bharati of South India largely promoted the cause of nationalism.

[4] The Spread of Western education roused the Indians from medieval slumber and gave birth to a new awakening in India. As a result, many reform movements like Brahmo Samaj, the Arya Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj etc., started in the 19th century. The Spread of Western education gave rise to the middle class and it was the awakening of the political consciousness of this class that fostered nationality.

[5] The British rulers established a wide network of roads and railways, which helped them to maintain administrative control over India. But as a result of it, people were able to travel freely and mix with one another. Thus the development of roads and railways made it possible to mobilise public opinion on a national scale.

[6] Moreover, the country’s economy was crippled by the establishment of British rule in India. A huge amount of money was taken away from India for the payment of salaries and pensions to British officers. Millions of pounds were taken away by British businessmen out of India through their export-import trade. All these brought about dissatisfaction and resentment against British rule.

Question 2 Why did Rani of Jhansi and Nana Saheb join the Great Revolt?
Answer:

Rani of Jhansi and Nana Saheb join the Great Revolt:

The revolt of 1857 was the most severe outburst of anger and discontent following the battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764). The annexationist policy of the British, the long years of economic exploitation, and the grievances of the Indian sepoys combined to create an atmosphere of rebellion against the British.

The main centres of the revolt were Delhi, Kanpur, Meerut, Jhansi, Awadh, Lucknow, Bundelkhand, Benaras, Rohilkhand, Bareilly and Gaya. Rani Laxmi Bai led the revolt in Jhansi. The rebellion in Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb.

[1] Rani of Jhansi: Jhansi was handed over to the British by the Maratha Peshwa in 1818. When Rao Ram Chandra was put on the throne of Jhansi by Lord Hastings he was authorised to choose his successor. Gangadhar Rao, the ruler of Jhansi had an adopted son Anand Rao.

Dalhousie declared that his adopted son could not be his successor. Queen Laxmi Bai referring to the treaty of 1818 wrote to Dalhousie that an adopted child had the right to succeed. Dalhousie rejected this and Jhansi was annexed by him. Laxmi Bai, in order to get back Jhansi, joined the Great Revolt.

[2] Nana Saheb: Lord Dalhousie took recourse to the principle of withdrawing the pension of the native rulers. Peshwa Baji Rao II who was made the ruler of Bithoor by the English was granted a pension by the English. When Baji Rao Il died, his adopted son Nana Saheb was refused the pension of his father. Dalhousie pleaded that the pension could not be transferred to his adopted son in succession. Aggrieved Nana Saheb joined the Great Revolt.

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