WBBSE Chapter 7 The League Of Nations And The United Nations Organisation Short Answer Questions
Question 1. How was the League of Nations founded?
Answer: League Of Nations Founded:-
The terrible repercussions of the First World War (1914-18) strongly impacted the people’s minds and made them cry out for peace.
President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America took the initiative. He planned to establish a world peace organisation known as the League of Nations which would solve disputes peacefully.
Thus, the League of Nations was not only an expression of the call to peace but also a means of promoting it.
WBBSE Class 9 League of Nations SAQs
Question 2. With what aim was the League of Nations founded?
Answer: Aim Of The League Of Nations Founded:-
After the First World War (1914-18) an international peace organisation known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 with the following aims in view:
- To prevent armed conflict and to promote international peace and cooperation,
- To establish honourable relations among different nations,
- To promote international disarmament to reduce tension and
- To find out ways and means for peaceful settlement of international disputes.
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Question 3. Describe the structure of the League of Nations.
Answer: Structure Of The League Of Nations:-
The League of Nations had four main. Organs, the first of which was the Assembly consisting of representatives of every member state, meeting once a year in Geneva.
The second organ was the Council i.e., the executive committee composed of one representative from each of the five permanent states (Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Japan) and temporarily of nine other member states, chosen by the Assembly.
The third was the permanent Secretariat, located at Geneva the main function of which was to prepare reports for the consideration of the Assembly and the Council. The fourth organ was the Permanent Court of International Justice which was a court of arbitration for the settlement of international disputes with its office at Hague.
United Nations Organization SAQs for Class 9
Question 4. Write a note on the Covenant of the As United States did not accept the League of Nations.
Answer: The Constitution of the League of Nations called the Covenant consisted of 26 articles among which the tenth, twelfth and sixteenth articles were of great significance.
Under the tenth article of the Covenant, the members of the League of Nations promised to respect the political independence and territorial integrity of the member countries of the League.
According to the twelfth article, the members unanimously decided to solve their problems, through mutual negotiations.
The sixteenth article made it clear that if any member country of the League of Nations declared war and violated settlements, that country would be declared the enemy of all nations and her aggression would be faced with all might.
Question 5. Give an account of the General Assembly of the new permanent members. The function of the League of Nations.
Answer: The League of Nations functioned through several organs, the most important of which was the Assembly. All the states which were members of the League were essentially members of the Assembly. Every member state could send three representatives, although no state had more than one vote.
The function of the Assembly of the League was:
- To establish world peace.
- To resolve international disputes.
- To extend international security and
- To work for safeguarding the interests of minorities.
Question 6. Who were the members of the League Council?
Answer:
The members of the League Council were divided into two divisions:
- Permanent members and
- Temporary members.
There were five permanent members of the Council, viz, Great Britain, USA, France, Italy and Japan. As the United States did not accept membership in the League of Nations, the number of permanent members remained at only four.
The number of temporary members was four. Later on, the number of permanent members was increased to six and temporary members to nine. Germany and Russia became the new permanent members.
Key SAQs on Formation of the League of Nations
Question 7. Give an account of the Council of the League of Nations.
Answer: Council Of The League Of Nations:-
The League Council comprised nine four temporary members. The five permanent members of which five were permanent and members were Great Britain, the USA, France, Italy membership the League, the number of and Japan. As the USA did not accept the number of permanent members permanent members remained only four. Later increased to six. Germany and Russia became the new permanent members.
The functions of the League Council were:
- To discuss various international disputes and to resolve them.
- To make efforts to stop a war and to reduce armament.
- Summoning of international conferences to resolve disputes.
Question 8. Who are the permanent members of the League Council?
Answer: Permanent Members Of The League Council:-
The Council of the League consisted of four permanent members. Later the number of members was increased to six. England, France, Italy and Japan were permanent members. Later on, Russia and Germany were admitted as permanent members.
Question 9. What were the main functions of the League Council?
Answer:
The main functions, of the League Council, were:
- To discuss various international disputes and to resolve them.
- To make efforts to stop war and to reduce armaments.
- Summoning of international conferences to resolve disputes.
Understanding UN Functions SAQs
Question 10. What was the function of the Secretariat and their obligations to the League. of the League of Nations?
Answer: The function of the Secretariat of the League of Nations was:
- To list the subjects to be considered in the Assembly.
- To preserve the documents and necessary papers regarding the minutes of the meetings, settlements and treaties concluded among the member states,
- To offer necessary suggestions for effecting modifications in the treaties.
Question 11. Mention any two causes of the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer: Two causes for the failure of the League of Nations were:
The League was never able to make itself truly ‘representative of the entire world. Countries like the USA, Germany, Russia, Italy and Japan were not members of the League at different stages and no international organisation can be successful if some of the great powers remain outside of it.
The League had no army, navy or air force of its own nor was it in a position to apply economic sanction on the Great Powers which looked after their interests instead of fulfilling
Question 12. Who is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations? Who was the first secretary-general of the league?
Answer:
- US President Woodrow Wilson is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
- The first secretary general of the League of Nations was Eric Drummond.
Question 13. Mention two features of the League of Nations.
Answer:
Two features of the League of Nations were:
- To settle international disputes by peaceful means.
- To settle all international legal disputes among the members of the league.
WBBSE Chapter 7 The League Of Nations And The United Nations Organisation Short Answer Questions
Question 14. How did the United Nations Organisation come into being?
Answer: United Nations Organisation:-
The League of Nations collapsed under the impact of the Second World War and the allied powers felt the need for a world peace organisation.
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the USA announced the Atlantic Charter where the term ‘United Nations’ was first adopted.
In the Moscow Conference (1943) Britain, the USA, Russia and China were unanimous that an international peace organisation should be set up. This resolution was confirmed in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) and the Yalta Conference (1945).
Representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco (1945) and prepared a Charter for world peace called the UN Charter. On 24 October 1945, the United Nations Organisation (UNO) came into existence.
Question 2. What are the principal aims (objectives) of the UNO?
Answer: The principal aims (objectives) of the UNO established after the Second World War are:
- To maintain world peace, prevent armed conflict among nations, promote the peaceful settlement of international disputes and remove international tension.
- To promote education, culture and health of mankind and to promote the economic condition of the poor and underdeveloped nations.
Question 3. What is the UN Charter?
Answer: UN Charter:-
Between April and June 1945 representatives of 50 nations who were directly or indirectly involved in the war against the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) met at a conference in San Francisco. The Big Four (Britain, France, USA, and Russia) dominated the conference and prepared a charter for world peace called the UN Charter.
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Question 4. What are the basic principles of UNO?
Answer: The basic principles of UNO are:
- All the members, big or small, to enjoy the rights and benefits would sincerely carry out their duties as per the UNO charter.
- All the members shall settle international disputes by peaceful means.
- UNO would not interfere in the internal affairs of any country.
- All members would enjoy the same sovereign status.
- All members pledge to help.
- All members would safeguard world peace.
Practice SAQs for Class 9 History: League of Nations and UN
Question 5. Write a note on membership of the UNO.
Answer:
Membership Of The UNO:-
- The membership of the UNO is open to all peace-loving nations of the world which accept the obligation of the UNO and are willing to carry out these obligations.
- 51 states who signed the UN Charter are the original members of the UN.
- Any member could be admitted to the UN on the recommendation of the Security Council and by a vote of assent by of the existing members of the General Assembly.
- America, England, France, Russia and China are the permanent members of the UN Security Council.
- If member countries persistently violate the principles of the Charter they may be expelled by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Question 6. What is the function of the International Court of Justice?
Answer: Function Of The International Court Of Justice:-
The function of the International Court of Justice is to solve the legal disputes that arise between different countries e.g. interpretation of treaties, application of principles of international law to a particular dispute or situation and settling issues of commensurate compensation for breach of international law etc. It also gives legal advice to the Security Council and the General Assembly.
Question 7. What is FAO and WHO?
Answer: FAO And WHO:-
FAO and WHO are two specialised agencies of the Economic and Social Council. FAO is the Food and Agricultural Organisation and WHO is the World Health Organisation.
Question 8. What are the six main organs of the UNO?
Answer:
The six main organs of the United Nations organisation are:
- The General Assembly.
- The Security Council.
- The Economic and Social Council.
- The Trusteeship Council.
- The International Court of Justice and
- The Secretariat.
Question 9. Why is 24 October celebrated as United Nations Day?
Answer: 24 October Celebrated As United Nations Day:-
Between April and June of 1945, representatives of 50 nations who were directly or indirectly involved in the war against the Axis Powers met at a conference led by Britain, France, the USA and Russia at San Francisco and prepared a charter for world peace called the UN Charter. The Charter became officially effective on 24 October. So this day is celebrated as the United Nations Day.
Question 10. What is ‘Veto’?
Answer: Veto:-
The foremost responsibility of the Security Council is the maintenance of international peace and security. All the five permanent members of the Security Council (USA, USSR, UK, France and China) must agree on all important issues.
A negative vote by any one permanent member is called a ‘Veto’. If the Veto is exercised, then the proposal or resolution is considered not passed. So on this issue, the Security Council cannot take any action.
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Question 11. What are the different specialised agencies of the Economic and Social Council?
Answer: The different specialised agencies of the Economic and Social Council are:
- ILO (International Labour Organisation).
- UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation).
- WHO (World Health Organisation).
- FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation).
- IMF(International Monetary Fund)
Key Themes in UN History for SAQs
Question 12. What is the composition of the General Assembly?
Answer: Composition Of The General Assembly:-
The General Assembly of the UNO consists of all member states of the United Nations Organisation. Each member state can send five representatives to the session of the General Assembly. The total strength of the UN General Assembly is now 193.
Question 13. What is the composition of the Security education, and improvement of the standard of the Council of the United Nations Organisation? Or, Write a note on the membership of the Security Council.
Answer: The most important organ of the UNO is the Security Council. There are two types of members Permanent and non-permanent. Five permanent members are the USA, USSR, UK, France and China. The ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.
Question 14. Name the permanent members of the Security Council of the UNO.
Answer:
The permanent members of the Security Council of the UNO are:
- America.
- England.
- France.
- Soviet Russia.
- China.
Question 15. What are the functions of UNESCO?
Answer: Functions Of UNESCO:-
UNESCO deals with the issues of economic and social welfare and works for the preservation of human rights across the globe. This body fights against illiteracy and devotes itself to the protection of health, and the spread of living of the people. The task before UNESCO includes education, social science, natural science, mass communication, cultural activities and relief services.
Question 16. What are the functions of WHO?
Answer: Functions Of WHO:-
WHO (World Health Organisation) organises campaigns throughout the world against diseases such as pox, plague, smallpox, cholera and others. It undertakes medical research to find out the causes of diseases, improve vaccines and train medical research and aid workers.
Question 17. What are the functions of UNICEF?
Answer: Functions Of UNICEF:-
The function of UNICEF is to help the establishment improve the condition of member countries improve the health condition of their children and save the lives of sick or starving children in the world who suffer from malnutrition, hunger and different kinds of diseases. It also looks after social welfare and vocational training of children. It also helps in the production of inexpensive books for children.
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Question 18. What are the functions of the Security countries? An indirect function of the Trustee- Council of the UNO?
Answer: The functions of the Security Council of the UNO are:
- To maintain international peace and security,
- To investigate all disputes and recommend ways and means for a peaceful settlement,
- To take action against a defaulting state and ask its members to send military forces to control a dangerous
situation.
Question 19. What are the functions of the Economic and Social Council?
Answer: The functions of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a non-political organ of the UNO are:
- To promote the economic and social advancement of all people,
- Planning of economic development, financial and technical assistance to underdeveloped countries, industrialisation of backward countries, improvement of education and aid to the world’s needy children,
- To appoint special committees from time to time to study specific problems.
Question 20. Write a short note on the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
Answer: International Labour Organisation (ILO):-
The headquarters of the International Labour Organisation was established in Geneva. All the member-states were also members of the International Labour Organisation. The main aim behind its establishment was to improve the condition of the labourers in different countries.
Question 21. Write a note on the function of the Trusteeship Council.
Answer: Function Of The Trusteeship Council:-
After World War II, some underdeveloped countries were placed under the supervision of the Council. The primary task of the Council is to look after the economic, social, political and cultural development of these Countries.
An Indirect function of the Trusteeship Council is to eliminate the possibility of rivalry among powerful nations of the world for the exploitation of underdeveloped nations.
Question 22. What is the function of the head of the Secretariat?
Answer: Function Of The Head Of The Secretariat:-
The head of the Secretariat, the Secretary-General, prepares an annual progress report of the UNO and places it before the General Assembly. He has the right to draw the attention of the Security Council to any matter which in his opinion, may threaten international security.
Question 23. When was the Yalta Conference held? Name the countries which took part in the Yalta Conference.
Answer:
- The Yalta Conference was held in 1945.
- The countries which took part in the Yalta Conference were the USA, Britain and Russia.
Question 24. When and where was the Atlantic Charter signed?
Answer: Atlantic Charter:-
The Atlantic Charter was signed on 11 August 1941. Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Britain, and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the USA met together on a warship called the ‘Prince of Wales’ in the Atlantic Ocean near Newfoundland and signed the Atlantic Charter.
Question 25. What is the importance of the Atlantic Charter?
Answer: Importance Of The Atlantic Charter:-
The Atlantic Charter is important because it contained the aims and fundamental principles for the reconstruction of the post-Second World War. An indication to set up a world organisation for the preservation of peace in the world was given in this Charter. In this Charter, the term ‘United Nations’ was first adopted.
Question 26. Mention two limitations of the UNO.
Answer:
Limitations Of The UNO:-
- The first limitation of the UNO is that the right of absolute veto has been given to each of the ‘Big Five (USA, UK, France, China and Russia). The Big Powers have always on several occasions misused this right in their self-interest.
- UNO has not achieved success in gaining the cooperation of all the ‘Big Five’ at a time on the question of the enforcement of the decision of the Security Council with the help of an international army.
Question 27. Give an account of the success and failure of the League of Nations.
Answer: Success And Failure Of The League Of Nations:-
The League of Nations utterly failed in its fundamental aim to prevent war and to maintain peace and order in the world permanently. The world had to witness again the Second World War in 1939 which proved the failure of the League.
On the other hand, if we evaluate the work of the League of Nations we find that the League tried its best to solve political disputes and the controversies which arose among different countries. In addition to this, the League acted also in the social and humanitarian fields for the benefit of mankind.