WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Notes

Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Salient Points Introduction

In the early years of the 20th century, the political atmosphere of the European continent was quite tense. Europe was in the throes of a devastating First World War (1914-18). Another epoch-making event of the 20th century was the outbreak of the Russian Revolution (1917).

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The Russian Revolution brought an end to Czarist autocracy and established socialist Russia. The Czars of Russia’ were corrupt. Nicholas II had to abdicate the throne and Russia became a republic. The Republican Government was deposed by the Bolsheviks and they seized power. This Great Revolution is known as the Russian Revolution.

WBBSE Class 9 Europe in the Twentieth Century Summary

The First World War broke out in 1914 and ended in 1918. The war was waged between the allied powers (comprising Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia) and the central powers (comprising Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey).

The Treaty of Versailles was concluded in 1919 between the victorious allies (comprising Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, etc.) and defeated Germany after World War I.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century Notes

Themes in 20th Century European History

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 5 Europe In The Twentieth Century

After the First World War (1914-18) an international organization known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 to prevent armed conflict.

The Treaty of Versailles was a very harsh and humiliating treaty for Germany. Hitler bitterly opposed those conditions of the treaty by which Germany had been responsible for the war.

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Economic Developments in 20th Century Europe

The Great Economic Depression of 1929 had a profound effect on every part of the globe. Faced with an economic crisis the Germans lost their faith in the Republican Government. The Nazis promised to nationalize the big business, provide employment for all workers and implement land reforms. It is not surprising that the people turned to Nazism for a remedy.

After the First World War, the political, social, and economic condition of Spain was not stable. In 1931, a General Election was held in Spain in which the monarchists were defeated. The democratic-Republican government was established in Spain.

However, the newly established Republican Government could not work successfully. The banner of revolt was raised in 1936 under the leadership of General Francisco Franco. The Republicans were defeated and Franco established a dictatorship in Spain.

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