WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Notes

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Salient Points Introduction

The defeat of Napoleon, the French emperor in the Battle of Waterloo (1815) meant the overthrow of the vast empire he had built. It was necessary to decide the fate of the territories which Napoleon, had conquered. So the leaders who played the most important part in defeating Napoleon met in Vienna (1815) to draw up a new map of Europe.

Nationalism in Italy and Germany

Metternich was the most powerful personality with the greatest influence on European politics in the post-Napoleonic period.

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The period between the Vienna Settlement and the Revolution of 1848 came to be known as the ‘Age of Metternich’. Metternich devised a system that aimed at maintaining peace and security in Europe as well as preventing the spread of progressive ideas.

The spirit propagated by the French Revolution created problems. The concept of nationalism and nation-state was championed by the people. Thus a conflict between monarchical and nationalist forces arose. The conflict ultimately ended in the triumph of liberalism’s overreaction.

Understanding the Vienna Settlement

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Notes

WBBSE Class 9 Europe 19th Century Notes

The Vienna Settlement (1815) restored the old ruling families to their respective thrones. Moreover, it stood for the restoration of pre-revolution conditions but the  Vienna Congress completely ignored the will of the common people.

The people now demanded the right to participate in the government. Thus there was a conflict between monarchical and. nationalist ideals. In monarchical states like France, Austria, and other countries, people launched movements for democratic rights.

Suppressed nationalities like the Germans, Italians, and Hungarians started movements for the establishment of nation-states. Italy and Germany emerged as nation-states.

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WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 3 Notes

The hopes and aspirations of the Christian nationalities in the Balkan region gave rise to complex problems. In 1854, the Crimean War broke out. The Treaty of Paris brought an end to it in 1856 but it failed to resolve the ‘Eastern Question’.

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 Notes

In Russia also revolutionary forces were increasingly active. Czar Alexander II passed the Emancipation Statute which generated new socio-political and intellectual forces- this clashed with the existing political framework of Czarist absolution.

The nationalistic and democratic ideals of the French Revolution influenced the Greeks and they also started their struggle for freedom. The Greek struggle for independence began with the activities of secret societies. The Greeks ultimately severed themselves from Turkish domination and came to be recognized as an independent state.

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