WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism Notes

WBBSE Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire, And Nationalism Salient Points Introduction

Napoleon Bonaparte is known as one of the greatest generals in the world. He was born in 1769 in Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, ruled by the French. At the age of 15, he became an officer in the French army.

In 1789, a great revolution broke out in France. The King and the queen were executed. Spain and England attacked France to put an end to the French Revolution. Napoleon defeated them.

Understanding Nationalism in Chapter 2

When Austria attacked France, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army too. Napoleon next started attacking his neighbors. The Czar of Russia, Alexander I, agreed with Napoleon. Only Britain remained outside Napoleon’s influence.

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Napoleon decided to attack Britain. Nelson, the British admiral, defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon managed to return to Paris and took over the government. He was made the First Consul and in 1804, he became the emperor of France.

Napoleon introduced a new legal code known as Code Napoleon. He centralized the administration, established a national educational network, reduced the power of the church, and abolished serfdom.

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Revolutionary Ideals, Napoleonic Empire And Nationalism Notes

WBBSE Class 9 Revolutionary Ideals Notes

Napoleon charmed the people by protecting the valued fruits of the Revolution like equality before the law and gave ability the highest credit for appointment and promotion.

As an emperor, Napoleon reshaped Europe. By 1807, Napoleon’s armies had taken over nearly the whole of Europe, Germany, Italy, Holland, Prussia, Switzerland, Spain, Naples, Denmark, and Portugal were part of his empire. Except for Britain and Russia, the whole of Europe came under his control.

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Notes For WBBSE

Napoleon adopted the policy of economic blockade against the English which is known as the Continental System. He forbade all his allies from engaging in trade with England.

Many sea battles were fought between the English and the French. England attacked France through Spain and Portugal. Next, Napoleon attacked Russia. He lost his grand army in Russia.

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Napoleonic Empire Overview for Class 9

After this disaster, the rest of Europe joined hands with the English armies which then entered Paris and defeated Napoleon in 1814. He was sent as a prisoner to Elba.

A new king, Louis XVIII, was crowned in France. A year later, Napoleon escaped and came to power again, but only for 100 days.

Napoleon tried to drive away the foreign allied troops but was defeated in the Battle. of Waterloo in 1815. He was sent to St. Helena. He died there six years later, at the age of 51.

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