WBBSE Chapter 3 Establishing The Colonial Authorishing Topic B New Education, Lan Survey An Revenue Fixation Descriptive Questions
Question 1. Describes the education policy from the Company’s rule to the British period.
Answer: Education Policy in the British Period Introduction:
- The native education system was mainly based on Tols and Marasas due to the indifference of the government at the beginning of the British period.
- This system of education was obsolete and undeveloped. On observing the miserable condition of education in Inia,
- The British tried to develop it by enacting laws and setting up education commissions.
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British Education Policy:
1. Charter of 1813:
- By the Charter of 1813, the Company decides to spend money to elevate its status among the masses.
- A public education committee called the General Committee of Public Instruction was set up.
2. Hunter Commission:
Lor Ripon set up a commission under the chairmanship of William Hunter in 1882 to investigate on the spot how far governmental measures had been effective in the liberalization of education.
This Commission called the Hunter Commission, recommended that
- Primary education should be contacted by the municipal and strict boars,
- more emphasis should be given to higher education,
- colleges should be given government grants,
- private entry prices should be welcome in the sphere of education and government control over the education system should be relaxed.
3. Macaulay Minutes:
- Thomas Babington Ewar Macaulay, the Education Secretary of Lor Bentinck, criticizes the oriental education system and recommends Western education in his famous ‘Macaulay Minutes’, On
- the basis of his recommendation, the Calcutta Medical College (1835) Hooghly Mohsin College (1836), as well as some schools, were established during the time of Lor Bentinck and Lord Haringe.
WBBSE Class 8 New Education System Notes
4. Woo’s despatch:
- Charles Woo, the President of the ‘Boar of Control’ of Englan, submitted his famous report called Woo’s Dispatch regarding
- the development and expansion of primary, secondary, and higher secondary education.
- To Accoring this despatch, three universities were established in Kolkata, Bombay a Maras in 1857.
5. Raleigh Commission:
Lord Curzon set up an education commission in 1892 under the chairmanship of Thomas Raleigh. This commission recommends
- That the universities should strictly enforce
- The necessary rules and regulations are upon the colleges affiliated with them.
- The different universities should be structurally renovated. The University Act was passed based on these recommendations.
6. Saler Commission:
- The Saler Commission was set up in 1917 under the chairmanship of Michael Saler, the Vice Chancellor of the Lees University of Britain.
- The two Indian members of this commission were Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay and Ziauin Ahme.
- This commission recommends that a Board of Secondary Education should be established and a 3-year graduation course should be introduced.
Land Survey Methods Introduced by British Notes
Question 2. discusses the contribution of the Christian Missionaries to the spread of Western education in India.
Answer:
Contribution Of The Chris-Tian Missionaries To The Spread Of Western Education In India:-
Introduction:
- The Christian Missionaries made a notable contribution to the spreading of Western education in India.
- Though they established various educational institutions in different parts of India to spread Christianity, the spread of Western education was greatly influenced and facilitated by their activities.
Contribution Of Christian Missionaries-
1. Contribution of Baptist Missionaries:
- The Baptist Mission was founded by William Carey, Marshman, and William War in 1800 in Sreerampur.
- The Bible was translated into Bengali and other 26 Indian languages through their effort.
- They established about 126 schools where almost 10,000 students could avail themselves of Western education.
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2. Contribution of Lonon Missionaries:
- Robert May, the founder of Lonon Missionary, established a school at Chinsura to impart education in the Bailey method.
- Charles Grunt and Wilber Force, two eminent members of the Clapham group of Lonon campaigned for the spread of English education in Inia.
- They tried to prove through facts and arguments that the introduction of English education and the spread of Christianity were necessary
- To remove superstitions from Indian society and prevent the Indians from lagging in all spheres.
3. Contribution of Church Scottish and Scottish Missionaries:
- The Church Missionary Society established some English medium schools. Alexaner uff, a stuent of St.
- The Andrews University of Scotland came to Kolkata and established an English medium school named General Assembly Institution (present Scottish Church College) in 1830 in the house of Firingi Kamal Bose.
4. Contribution of the Jesuit Missionaries:
- The Jesuit Missionaries established St. Xavier’s College in 1860. The Jesuits of Belgium built the Loreto House College.
- The way the Christian missionaries built schools and colleges has brought about a high tie in the spread of English education.
Question 3 Write a note on Macaulay Minutes.
Answer:
Macaulay Minutes:-
Introduction:
- The report submitted by Macaulay on 2 February 1835 recommending the replacement of oriental education by Western education was popularly known as ‘Macaulay Minutes’.
1. Establishment of Public Instruction Committee:
- Bentinck set up the ‘Committee of Public Instruction’ under the chairmanship smoothly. Macaulay is at educating
- The Macaulay spread Western education to Indians through the medium of English and acquainted them with European philosophy, literature, and science.
2. Effects:
Macaulay submitted his report or proposal as the Chairman of the Committee of Public Instruction to the Governor General on February 2, 1835. He recommends that
- Western education should first be spread education spread among the upper and mile among the upper mile classes.
- If English classes then it would spread among the masses through the theory of downward filtration.
- Only English education could illuminate the ignorant and superstitious Indians.
The conflict between Orientalism and Anglicism:
- The members of the Public Instruction Committee were divided among themselves over the spread of Western education in India.
- Orientalists like Wilson, Colbrook, and H. J Princep wanted Indian literature and philosophy to be developed.
- However, Anglicists like Alexander, Saners a Kelvin wanted to spread Western education in India.
Results:
Macaulay has recommended that all oriental educational institutions including Sanskrit College should be proposal was not accepted.
However, Bentinck declared English education as a part of government policy on March 7, 1835, based on Macaulay’s report. Then
- The Medical College of Roorki and the Elphinston College of Bombay were established.
- English was introduced in the government colleges instead of Persian in 1837.
- It was clear that those who were experts in English would be given priority in all government jobs.
- As more emphasis was put on the English language the vernacular languages were neglected.
Revenue Fixation Systems in Colonial India
Question 4 Write a note on Wood’s despatch.
Answer:
Wood’s Despatch Introduction:
- Charles’s despatch has been regarded as a milestone in the spread of Western education in India. He formed an education committee with the members of the Board of Control.
- The recommendation of the committee regarding the educational policy of the government submitted on 19th July 1854 came to be known as Wood’s dispatch.
- Woo took up a project for the smooth development of primary, secondary a higher education in Inia.
1. Main Idea:
- The main idea of Woo’s despatch was that the motive of education in the Company’s rule would be the spread of Western education.
- The main subjects would be European art, philosophy, literature, and science. It would also be necessary to maintain
- the secular nature of the education system to benefit all classes of society.
2. Wood’s despatch Various recommendations:
The recommendations concerning education in Woo’s despatch were as follows
- Establishment of three universities in Kolkata, Bombay, and Maras where subjects like Law, Medicine, and Engineering should be taught.
- Need for a separate education department to run the schools properly and for the progress of the education system.
- Need for training schools for the teachers.
- Grants should be given to the schools by the government.
- More primary and English medium schools. should be established.
- The government should take the initiative for the spread of women’s education
- English should also be taught in high schools along with the mother tongue.
- The government schools and colleges ought to be renovated.
- The meritorious students ought to be given scholarships.
3. Wood’s despatch Consequences:
According to the recommendations of Sir Charles Wood
- Three universities were established in Kolkata, Bombay, and Maras in 1857. Later on, two more universities were founded in Lahore and Allahabad.
- The Education Department or Directorate of Public Instruction was established in 1855.
- The number of primary schools all over Inia increased from 3916 in 1881-82 to 5124 in 1900-02
- The Indian Education Service was formed in 1896 to conduct administrative activities in
the field of education. - The Hunter Commission (1882- 83), the Raleigh Commission (1902-04), and the Saler Commission (1917-19) were set up to expand education.
4. Woo’s despatch Drawbacks:
- Since the Western education schemes were mainly confined to the cities the villages were deprived of their benefits.
- As Western education was mainly imparted through the medium of English the common people of Inia do not show much interest in it.
Impact of New Education on Indian Society Notes
Question 5 Give a comparative account of the Governmental and private initiatives in the spread of Western education in India.
Answer: Governmental And Private Initiatives In The Spread Of Western Education In India:-
Sprea Of Western Education In Colonial Inia-
Government Initiative:
1. Recommendation of Charles Grant:
- Charles Grant, the President of the Board of directors of the Company, was the first to speak about the spread of Western education in India.
- In the journal ‘Observation’ he wrote that it was necessary to introduce Western education to remove the vices of Indian society and prevent moral degradation.
- According to the Charter of 1813, the Company decides to spend one lakh rupees annually for the spread of education in India. However, an issue arose among
- The Orientalists and the Anglicists over the way of spending this, i.e., whether it would be spent on Oriental education or for Western education.
2. Bentinck’s contribution:
- Lord Bentinck accepted Thomas Babington Macaulay’s proposals on the spread of Western education in India. Macaulay also spoke of the ‘Filtration Theory’.
- This theory indicates that Western education would reach the masses through a handful of educated upper-class members.
- After accepting the proposals in ‘Macaulay’s Minutes’ Bentinck declared English education as a governmental policy on March 7, 1835. Therefore,
- Calcutta Medical College, Engineering College, and many schools grew up.
3. Dalhousie’s contribution:
- Lord Dalhousie also tried to spread Western education in India. Sir Charles Woo, the Chairman of the Board of Control, produced his famous speech on July 19, 1854. So a separate
- the education department was created to foster primary, secondary, and higher secondary as well as women’s education.
- About 79 English medium Higher Secondary schools and 140 Mile Schools were established. Apart from these, three universities were established in Kolkata, Bombay, and Madras.
Private Initiative:
1. Contribution of Christian Missionaries:
- The various missionary organizations. like the Baptist Missionary Society, London Missionary Society,
- Church Missionary Society, Scottish Missionary Society a Jesuit mission remarkable contributions to the spread of Western education.
- The Baptist Mission in Sreerampur (1800), Shibpur Bishop College (1820), General Assembly Institution (present Scottish Church Collegiate, 1830),
- Wilson College in Bombay (1832), St. Xavier’s College in Maras (1837), and about 126 schools were set up due to the efforts of the missionaries.
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2. Eneavour of Europeans and Anglo Indians:
- David Hare founded the Hare School, an English medium school in Kolkata.
- He also helped to establish the Calcutta School Book Society. Davi summons and finds the Harmatolla Academy.
- Two more English schools were established in Bhawanipur and Chinsura.
3. Eneavour of Europeans and Indians:
- Ram Mohan Roy founded the Anglo-Hindu school in Kolkata and helped Sir Hye East establish the Hindu College. Gourmohan Auy founded the Oriental Seminary in 1828.
- Sir Sye Ahme established an English School at Ghazipur in UP in 1818. Viyasagar helpe Bethune to establish Calcutta Female School in 1849.
- In this way, many English medium schools were found in Bengal, Kolkata, Delhi, Agra, and other parts of India under the initiative of educated Indians.
Question 6. Suppose you are a resident of Kolkata in the middle of the 19th century. How do you feel about the British initiative of spreading Western education? Express your feelings through a diary entry.
Answer:
November 30, 1854:
- We, the Indians, are being oppressed and deprived of all sites under British rule. The only ray of hope for us is the positive attitude of the government in the matter of education.
- So far we have been following the Tol and Marasa-based traditional education system. This system will probably now education become more modernized.
- A retired official of the company Charles Grant has made the introduction of modern education.
- Governor General Warren Hastings and later on Lor Wellesley emphasized the modernization of education.
- The Christian missionaries have also come forward to spread modern education. As a result the Kolkata Marasa, Asiatic Society, Fort William College, Baptist Mission, and St.
- Xavier College has been established. The Hindu College, Calcutta School Book Society a Sanskrit College have grown due
- To the efforts of eminent Indian and foreign educationists like Rammohan Ray, David Hare, and Rahakanta a Warakanath Tagore.
- Bentinck’s Secretary of Education has published his famous Macaulay Minutesaccoringto which, initiatives have been taken to foster Western education.
Class 8 WBBSE History Question Answer
- Charles Woo, the Chairman of the Board of Control vehemently supported the need for Western education in his famous ‘Woo’s despatch.
- Attempts are being made to modernize the Indian education system according to the guidelines of the despatch.
- Now I think many of us will get the opportunity to avail of an English education.
- We will be able to learn about Western society, culture, civilization, science, and learning. We may become more modern a rational in the future by imbibing Western ideas.
WBBSE Chapter 3 Establishing The Colonial Authorishing Topic B New Education, Lan Survey An Revenue Fixation Short Answer Questions
Question 1. Write a note on Hunter Commission.
Answer: Hunter Commission Organization:
- The Hunter Commission was formed in 1882 under the chairmanship of William Hunter.
Hunter Commission Motives:
The chief motives of the Commission were as follows
- make an investigation into the progress of higher education in Inia,
- examine the education system after implementing the recommendations of Woo’s dispatch,
- instruct the government to pay more attention to the space of primary education,
- arrange for various facilities required to foster women’s education.
Hunter Commission Recommendations:
- Put an end to governmental authority over schools and colleges,
- Provide grants to the colleges,
- entrust the municipal and district boars with the responsibility of primary education,
- Set up a library in every school with the help of the government ai and preserve it.
Question 2 What was the Company’s motive in spreading Western education in India?
Answer:
Company’s Motive In Spreading Western Education In Inia:-
Practice Questions on Revenue Collection Systems
1. Creating clerks well versed in English:
- It was becoming quite difficult to run the work of the governmental departments with the help of Indians who knew only Arabic and Persian.
- Even ordinary employees have to be hired from Englan. So the Company authorities tried to create some clerks who knew English well.
2. Appointment of educated Indians in the administration:
- The Indian Mile class gradually became interested in Western education, knowledge, and science. The British authorities want to utilize them in administrative work after providing them ue training through English education. So they began to think of introducing Western education in India.
Question 3 How far I the British try to develop the indigenous education system?
Answer:
The British Try To Develop The Indigenous Education System:-
1. Initial condition:
- At the beginning of British rule, a system of native education was mainly centered around tolls and maracas.
2. British endeavor:
- The British tried to improve the indigenous system of education through the Charter of 1813, Macaulay’s Minutes (1835), Woo’s Dispatch (1834) Hunter’s Commission (1882), and Saler Commission (1897).
- A dispute over the educational policy between the Orientalists (supporters of the East) and the Anglicists (supporters of the West).
- Finally, the modern education system in India developed according to the recommendations of Woo’s despatch.
Question 4. What do you understand by the dispute between the Orientalists and the Anglicists?
Answer:
Dispute Between The Orientalists And The Anglicists:-
A dispute arose between the Orientalists and the Anglicists in the 19th century over the appropriate educational system to be implemented in India.
1. Orientalism:
Philosophers like Colebrook a Wilson held the opinion that education should be imparted through the Eastern method only.
2. Anglicism:
Alexander a Saners opposes the Orientalist view and advocates the introduction of Western methods for the spread of education in India. So a dispute followed between the two groups.
Question 5 Discuss the role of the Christian missionaries in the spread of Western education in India.
Answer:
Role Of The Christian Missionaries In The Spread Of Western Education In India:-
1. Sreerampore missionary:
William Carey established the Sreerampore Baptist Mission in 1800. He then started an English school and a press and ran them with the help of Marshman a William War.
Later on, the Baptist missionaries of Sreerampore established many schools and printing presses all over India.
Examples of Educational Institutions Established by British
2. Scottish Missionary:
Alexan Er Duff played an important role in spreading English education.
The General Assembly Institution established by him came to be known as Scottish Church College later on.
Question 6 Under whose initiative was the Hindu College established?
Answer: Estabilisation Hindu College:-
The Hindu College was established in Kolkata in 1817 under the initiative of the then Chief Justices of the Supreme Court Sir Hye East, Vaiyanath Mukhopadhyay, Rahakanta Dev, and David Hare.
Some people think that Raja Ram Mohan Roy was also associated with this college.
It soon earned a good reputation and reached the climax of popularity. At present it is known as Presidency University.
Question 7 What do you mean by Filtration Theory?
Answer: Filtration Theory:-
Pioneer:
Thomas Babington Macaulay, the Secretary of Law during the time of the Lord. William Bentinck, ha mentioned the Filtration theory in his ‘Macaulay Minutes”.
Main theory:
If some Indians were provided Western education through the medium of English, then they could, in turn, help other people to avail themselves of Western education.
English education or Western education would thus filter through a handful of Indians and spread among the entire masses. This theory was popularly known as the Filtration Theory.
Question 8 Write a note on Macaulay.
Answer: Macaulay:-
Introduction:
- Thomas Macaulay was the Education Secretary of Lor William Bentinck. He was also appointed the President of the General Committee of Public Instruction by Bentinck.
- He endeavored to develop the standard of education of the Indians as well as to spread education among the masses.
Conceptual Questions on Changes in Land Ownership
1. Macaulay Minutes:
Macaulay presented the proposal before Lor Bentinck in 1835 regarding the spread of education through the medium of English.
This proposal is popularly known as ‘Macaulay Minutes’. In this proposal, Macaulay stated
- The civilization of the East was corrupt, undeveloped, and lacking scientific awareness,
- The culture and civilization of the East could be developed only with the aid of Western education.
WBBSE Chapter 3 Establishing The Colonial Authorishing Topic B New Education, Lan Survey An Revenue Fixation State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False
Question 1. Wood’s despatch was prepared in 1854.
Answer: True
Question 2. The Calcutta Marasa College was established in 1780.
Answer: True
Question 3. The Asiatic Society was founded by Canning.
Answer: False
Question 4. Calcutta University was established in 1857.
Answer: True
Question 5. The Baptist mission was founded in Sreerampur by William Carey, Marshman, and William Ward.
Answer: False
Question 6. The Sreerampur College was established in 1819.
Answer: False
Question 7. The General Committee of Public Instruction or Janshiksha Committee was formed in 1823 to determine educational policies.
Answer: True
Question 8. Thomas Babington Macaulay, the Secretary of Education during the regime of Bentinck, declared his ‘Macaulay’s Minutes concerned with the spread of education on 7th March 1835.
Answer: True
Question 9. The Sreerampur Baptist Mission was founded in 1800.
Answer: True
Question 10. The Hindu College was founded in 1817.
Answer: True
Class 8 History Solution WBBSE
Question 11. English was accepted as an official language in 1835.
Answer: True
Question 12. The Medical College was established in 1835.
Answer: True
Question 13. The Hunter Commission was formed in 1880.
Answer: False
WBBSE Chapter 3 Establishing The Colonial Authorishing Topic B New Education, Lan Survey An Revenue Fixation Fill In The Blanks By Selecting The Appropriate Expressions From The Brackets
Question 1. Calcutta Madrasa was established in ________ 2(1772/1781/1783).
Answer: 1781
Question 2. The Asiatic Society was founded in ________ (1780/1784/1788).
Answer: 1784
Question 3. The Varanasi Sanskrit College was established in ________ (1790/1791/1792).
Answer: 1791
Question 4. The Sereerampur Baptist Mission was founded in ________ (1800/1805/1809).
Answer: 1800
Question 5. The Hindu College was established in ________ (1815/1816/1817).
Answer: 1817
Question 6. The Hare School in Kolkata was established in ________ (1817/1820/1823).
Answer:1817
Question 7. The Sanskrit College was founded in Calcutta in ________ (1824/1825/1826).
Answer: 1824
Class 8 WBBSE History Question Answer
Question 8. The Calcutta School Book Society was founded in ________ (1810/1817/1824).
Answer: 1817
Question 9. The General Assembly Institution in Calcutta was founded in ________ (1827/1830/1833).
Answer: 1830
Question 10. The General Committee Instruction was formed of Public ________ (1823/ 1824/1825).
Answer: 1823
Question 11. The Calcutta Medical College was established in ________ (1830/1835/1840).
Answer: 1835
Question 12. The St. Xavier’s College in Kolkata was founded in ________ (1832/1838/1860).
Answer: 1860
Question 13. The Elphinston College in Bombay was founded in ________ (1836/1837/1856).
Answer: 1856
Question 14. The despatch of Charles Wood was formulated in ________ (1850/1854/1858).
Answer: 1854
Question 15. Calcutta University was founded in ________ (1857/1858/1859).
Answer: 1857
Class 8 WBBSE History Question Answer
Question 16. One of the members of the Saler Commission was ________ (Surenranath Banerjee/ Ashutosh Mukherjee/Guruas Banerjee).
Answer: Ashutosh Mukherjee
Question 17. The Raleigh Commission was formed in ________ (1901/1902/1903).
Answer: 1901
Question 18. ________ (Canning/Bentinck/Dalhousie) appointed his secretary of Law Thomas Babington Macaulay the President of the Public Instruction Committee.
Answer:
Question 19. The Hunter Commission was formed to investigate the educational coed of ________ (Charle Wood/Macaulay/Hunter).
Answer: Charle Wood
Class 8 History Solution WBBSE
WBBSE Chapter 3 Establishing The Colonial Authorishing Topic B New Education, Lan Survey An Revenue Fixation Answer In A Complete Sentence
Question 1. Who wrote ‘A Grammar of the Bengal Language’?
Answer: Nathaniel Brassey Halhe wrote ‘A Grammar of the Bengal Language’.
Question 2. Who set up the Calcutta Marasa?
Answer: Governor General Lor Warren Hastings set up the Calcutta Marasa.
Question 3. Why the Asiatic Society was found?
Answer: The Asiatic Society was founded to translate ancient Sanskrit text into English.
Question 4. Where does William Carey teach?
Answer: William Carey taught at Fort William College.
Question 5. What was the aim of the Sanskrit College at Calcutta?
Answer: The Sanskrit College at Calcutta aimed to cultivate Sanskrit literature and spread Western education.
Question 6. Who was Charles Woo?
Answer: Charles Woo was the president of the Board of Control, who was famous for his despatch.
Question 7. Who took the initiative to spread education during the Maras Presidency?
Answer: Christian Missionaries took the initiative to spread education in the Madras Presidency.
Question 8. Who completes the unfinished survey work of Franklin?
Answer: Hog Cameron completed the unfinished survey work of Franklin.