WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire Notes

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire Introduction

The Mughals ruled India from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century. The first Mughal emperor in India was Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur.

The Rajputs and Afghans opposed the Mughal Empire in India. By achieving victory in the Battle of Panipat, Khanua, and Gharghara, Babur founded the basis of the Mughal Empire.

After Babur, Humayun became the Mughal Emperor. But Humayun was defeated by Afghan ruler Sher Shah. Thus Delhi was ruled by the Afghans instead of the Mughals for five years (1540-1545 AD). Later Humayun returned to India and reestablished Mughal rule in Delhi.

After Humayun, Akbar first expanded the territory of the Mughal Empire. During the reign of Akbar, the Mughal Empire had its dominance over a vast area.

Akbar built a friendly relationship with the Rajputs to increase the durability of the Mughal Empire. Besides, he gave significant positions to the local rulers of various regions in the Mughal court.

During the reign of Jahangir, the subsequent Mughal emperor of Akbar, the local Hindu Zamindars and the Afghans revolted against the Mughals repeatedly. From this time period, there was the deterioration of the Mughal-Sikh relationship.

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire Notes

During the reign of Jahangir, there was an attempt to expand the administrative territory of the Mughal Empire. Having this objective, Jahangir initiated an expedition to Deccan and Balkh and Badakhshan of central Asia.

Shah Jahan, the successor of Jahangir, was more interested in building architectural edifices than administrative activities. He had to face revolts from Deccan and Bundelkhand.

During the reign of Aurangzeb, the intensity of regional revolts increased remarkably. The Jat peasants in Mathura, Satnami peasants in Haryana, and regional powers like the Marathas and the Sikhs revolted against the Mughals.

The favorable relationship, that existed between the Mughals and the Rajputs in Akbar’s reign, declined in Aurangzeb’s reign. The Rajputs, who were friends of the Mughals, became their rivals.

Aurangzeb expanded the territory of the Mughal empire to Deccan states. But to achieve this goal, the Mughals had to fight a long and bloody war incurring huge losses to the exchequer. Thus the economic foundation of the Mughals became ailing.

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The basic administrative principle of the Mughal Empire was to include all the different factions in order to make an Indian empire.

As India was dependent upon agriculture, the land revenue system was very important. After realizing this importance, Akbar undertook some revolutionary measures for the revenue system.

Akbar introduced the Zabti system with the help of his Revenue. Minister Raja Todarmal.

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire

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