WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Notes

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Introduction

Qutbuddin Aibak established Sultanate in India centered on Delhi. The Turkish sultans used the title ‘sultan’ instead of ‘King’ or ‘Emperor’. Starting from the 12th century, the rule continued for almost 300 years, is called Delhi Sultanate.

  • ‘Sultan’ is a title. Quite a few Turkish rulers used this title. In Arabic, the word ‘Sultan’ means authority, power, etc. The areas which came under the control of the Sultan was called the ‘Sultanate’.
  • After the death of Hazrat Muhammad, the Caliph was the chief ruler of the Islamic world. He ruled over the entire region that was under Islam.
  • Among the successors of Iltutmish, Razia was the worthiest. A section of nobles had objections about a female ruler. But eventually, Razia became the true successor of Iltutmish. Razia claimed herself to be ‘Sultan’ in her coins, not Sultana (wife of Sultan).

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate Notes

Balban was the first to establish a powerful centralized administration in Delhi. He increased the honor of the monarchy by introducing ‘Sijda’ and ‘Paibos’ in the court. Alauddin Khilji was the first Sultan to expand the territory of the dynasty to south India. He was the first to initiate some economic reforms by controlling market prices.

  • Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a controversial ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He created controversy by shifting the capital, introducing copper coins, and so on.
  • Scholar and explorer Ibn Battuta came to India during Tughlaq’s reign. The name of his travelogue is ‘Al-Rihala’. The book is a reliable source of information about the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
  • Firoz Shah Tughlaq undertook some measures of social welfare, such as introducing a system of monetary grants to help the poor, opening a new department to solve the unemployment problem, improving the irrigation system, etc.
  • During the reign of Sayyid and Lodi Sultans, the territorial extent of the Sultanate was reduced.
  • The sultans of Delhi emphasized on military control.
  • The real head of the administration was the sultan himself. All powers of governance, the army, law, and the judiciary were in the hands of the Sultan.
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Apart from land revenue, house tax, grazing tax, and Jízya were collected during the Sultanate period. During the reign of Ilyas Shahis and the Hussain Shahis, the literature and culture of Bengal developed remarkably. During the closing years of the Sultanate, there was the rise of the Vijaynagar and Bahmani Kingdoms in the Deccan.

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